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Innovation of the Magnetotelluric method and its application to the characterization of the Pyrenean lithosphereCampanyà i Lloret, Joan 14 February 2013 (has links)
This thesis is a compendium of three papers related to the magnetotelluric (MT) method and its application to the characterization of lithospheric-scale geoelectrical structures. The thesis begins with an Introduction where the motivation and the aims are presented as well as the geological context of the Pyrenees, the previous geophysical studies and the used data set. The Introduction also contains a description of the MT method with basic concepts useful to understand the MT analysis developed in the three papers. Then the three papers, which are the main part of the thesis, are exposed. After the papers, there is a Discussion where the results are commented and compared, extending some of the ideas proposed in the articles and including a new geoelectrical crustal model of the Western Pyrenees. Then there are the Conclusions and proposals of future works related to the MT sites acquired in the Pyrenees and the proposed method for processing MT data. At the end of the thesis there are the references of the cited works and an annex containing a copy of the two published papers and a copy of the submitted manuscript of the third paper.
The first published paper determines the geoelectrical structures below the Central Pyrenees using new BBMT and LMT data acquired close to the ECORS-Pyrenees deep seismic profile. The aim of this study has been to improve the results obtained by Ledo (1996) and Pous et al. (1995a), taking advantage of the progress occurred in the last fifteen years associated with the MT method and the acquisition of MT data. The most important improvements that have been achieved are the better definition of the top of the electrical resistivity structure associated with the Iberian subducted lower crust (IBSLC) and the determination of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) below the Iberian and the European plates close to the collision zone. Complementary, an analysis of the geological properties of the lower-crust and the dehydration point of the muscovite and biotite rocks provides more arguments in favour of the hypothesis of partial melting to explain the geophysical observations associated with the IBSLC.
In the second paper the MT method has been applied to characterize the geoelectrical structures below the West-Central Pyrenees in a new MT profile across the Pyrenean mountain range. This new MT profile is 130 km long and is composed by twenty BBMT sites acquired in 2010, seven of them also with LMT data. Results have been compared with the ones obtained in the Central Pyrenees characterizing the main geoelectrical variations between the two MT profiles. An analysis of the thermal re-equilibration of the IBSLC has been developed completing the analysis of the previous paper about the presence or absence of partial melting in the IBSLC. This analysis corroborates partial melting as the best explanation for the low electrical resistivity values of the IBSLC. The LAB below the West-Central Pyrenees has been determined not only below the Iberian and the European plates, as in the Central Pyrenees, but also below the collision zone. Additionally, an unexpected geoelectrical structure completely buried below the Ebro basin has been associated with a Variscan boundary.
In the third paper a new method is proposed for processing MT data. The proposed method uses the horizontal magnetic fields recorded at a neighbouring site to process the MT data of a local site from inter-station tensor relationships. Results obtained in the experiments validate the method. A parameter has been defined in order to determine, in each specific study for each used period, if the proposed method can be applied. / Aquesta tesi es composa de tres articles relacionats amb el mètode Magnetotelluric (MT) i la seva aplicació a la caracterització d’estructures geoelèctriques de la litosfera.
La tesi comença amb una introducció on es presenten les motivacions d’aquesta i els objectius plantejats, així com el context geològic dels Pirineus, els estudis previs que s’han realitzat i les dades fetes servir pel desenvolupament de la tesis. La introducció conté també una descripció del mètode MT amb l’objectiu d’ajudar a entendre l’anàlisi que es desenvolupa en els articles. Tot seguit s’exposen els tres articles, es discuteixen els resultats obtinguts i s’exposen les conclusions a les que s’ha arribat.
El primer article mostra les estructures geoelèctriques sota el Pirineu Central. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi ha estat millorar els resultats de Ledo (1996) i Pous et al. (1995a), aplicant els progressos que hi ha hagut en el camp de la MT en els darrers quinze anys. Els nous resultats han permès caracteritzar millor la zona de fusió parcial associada amb la subducció de l’escorça Ibèrica Inferior (IBSLC) i el límit litosfera astenosfera (LAB). De forma complementaria, s’ha dut a terme un anàlisi de les propietats de l’escorça inferior que ha permès aportar més arguments a favor de la hipòtesis de la fusió parcial.
En el segon article el mètode MT s’ha fet servir per caracteritzar les estructures geoelèctriques sota el Pirineu Occidental-Central en un nou perfil de MT. En aquest estudi també s’han observat estructures geoelèctriques associades amb la fusió parcial de la IBSLC i amb el LAB. Sota la conca de l’Ebre s’ha observat per primer cop una anomalia geoelèctrica que s’ha associat amb la presència d’un límit Hercinià. Els resultats han estat comparats amb els del Pirineu Central per tal de caracteritzar l’evolució de les principals estructures geoelèctriques al llarg de la serralada.
En el tercer article s’ha proposat un nou mètode per processar dades MT. Aquest mètode utilitza els camps magnètics horitzontals enregistrats en una estació veïna per processar les dades de la zona d’estudi únicament a partir de relacions tensorials entre estacions. Els experiments duts a terme corroboren la validesa del mètode.
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La arquitectura de Oscar Niemeyer / The architecture of Oscar NiemeyerHuaraca Beltrán, Lesly Carolina 02 December 2021 (has links)
La arquitectura desde sus inicios estuvo en constante cambios, dependiendo del lugar donde se desarrollaba. Por ejemplo, la arquitectura brasileña se desarrolló a finales del siglo XX, en la cual tuvo como características, la elaboración a partir de su cultura, su identidad nacional, sus experiencias propias, hasta de la naturaleza. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo de investigación consiste en el desarrollo de “La arquitectura de Oscar Niemeyer”, teniendo como objetivo el desarrollo de una colección Primavera Verano 2022 a partir del análisis teórico y visual de la arquitectura del arquitecto mencionado. Para validar el trabajo de investigación, se optó por indagar diversas fuentes confiables como el caso de tesis, doctorados, artículos, libros online, entrevistas, entre otros. Para poder realizar un análisis exhaustivo y claro, esto nos ayudó al entendimiento de los términos encontrados en la Facultad de Arquitectura, se procedió al planteamiento de los objetivos referente a investigación y diseño. Luego, se procedió a la elaboración de moodboard de figura, color, texturas, antecedente de diseño, usuario, prototipos, y estructura. Después, a la elección del usuario “Ambos géneros, apasionado por el arte y la moda, que se encuentren dentro del rango de edad de 26-41 años de edad, el tipo de producción “Pret a Porter” y el estilo a desarrollar “Sporty Chic” Finalmente, se obtuvo como resultado bocetos y figurines inspirados en la arquitectura de Oscar Niemeyer, con sus especificaciones de forma, color y texturas a incorporar. / The architecture from its beginnings, was in constant changes, depending on the place where it was developed. For example, Brazilian architecture developed at the end of the 20th century, in which its characteristics were the elaboration based on its culture, its national identity, its own experiences, even from nature. For this reason, this research work consists of the development of "The architecture of Oscar Niemeyer", aiming at the development of a Spring Summer 2022 collection based on the theoretical and visual analysis of the architecture of the aforementioned architect. To validate the research work, it was decided to investigate various reliable sources such as the case of theses, doctorates, articles, online books, interviews, among others. In order to carry out an exhaustive and clear analysis, this helped us to understand the terms found in the faculty of architecture, we proceeded to the approach of the objectives regarding research and design. Then, we proceeded to the development of moodboard of figure, color, textures, design background, user, prototypes, and structure. Then, at the user's choice "Both genres, passionate about art and fashion, that are within the age range of 26-41 years old, the type of production" Pret a Porter "and the style to develop" Sporty Chic” Finally, the result was sketches and figurines inspired by Oscar Niemeyer's architecture, with their specifications of shape, color, and textures to be incorporated. / Trabajo de investigación
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