<p>This study explores the possible resilient factors which prevent young people who have been exposed to parental alcohol abuse from abusing alcohol themselves. Additionally, this study explores the coping mechanisms of young people living with a (n) alcohol abusing parent(s). This study uses a qualitative methodological design. The initial plan was purposive sampling. However it became evident that this type of sampling is not possible as no suitable candidates were found. One participant volunteered to participate in the study and suggested a few other suitable candidates. The candidates were contacted and invited to become part of the study. Individual interviews were conducted with the participants, using an interview guide and a voice recorder. The researcher ended up using snowball sampling as the candidates suggested other possible candidates. The findings suggest that the participants experienced an array of emotional, developmental and socio-economical difficulties. Feelings of shame, fear, anxiety and a deep sense of unhappiness about the situation was shared by all the participants. The family, friends and some teachers were instrumental in helping to find coping mechanisms during this challenging time of growing up with an alcohol abusing parent. Religion, academics, and positive role-modelling were contributing factors to their resilience in not using alcohol themselves even though they were exposed to alcohol-abusing parents.</p>

The purpose of this study was to compare the delinquent behavior, psychological health, and emotional wellbeing of maltreated and nonmaltreated adolescents in a chemical dependency treatment program. Data were collected over a seven year period from intake interviews and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores of 522 adolescent patients at a chemical dependency treatment program in a Northwest city of about 100,000. The subjects consisted of 220 females and 302 males. Maltreatment was selfreported by 43% of the females and 17% of the males. Results indicated that maltreated, drugaddicted adolescents engaged in significantly more delinquent behavior, including arrests and drugrelated arrests, suicide attempts, runaway behavior and illicit drug use than nonmaltreated adolescents in the program. Results of the MMPI scores revealed that maltreated adolescents scored significantly higher than nonmaltreated adolescents on eight of the ten clinical scales, indicating that maltreated adolescents entered the drug treatment program with higher levels of psychological and emotional distress than did their peers. Analyses run separately for males and females revealed that differences between maltreated and nonmaltreated patients could be accounted for, in large part, by differences between maltreated and nonmaltreated females. Maltreated females, but not males, scored significantly higher on total drug use, and on the Hypochondriasis (Hs), Hysteria (Hy), Psychasthenia (Pt), and Schizophrenia (Sc) scales of the MMPI. The unique needs of maltreated adolescents, in particular maltreated females, in drug treatment programs are discussed. / Graduation date: 1992

Conventional transportation demand management approaches have had limited success in reducing automobile dependency. As a result, it has become increasingly important to understand the decision-making processes involved in determining travel behaviour. The purpose of this dissertation is to extend research on urban form and travel behaviour beyond adult travel by examining teen travelers aged 13-19 in the Greater Toronto Area. Data from the Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS) survey are used to study four main research questions: 1) How has teen mode choice changed from 1986 to 2006? 2) How do these choices vary as teens transition from the 13-15 age group to being of driving age (16-19)? 3) How do these choices vary across the different urban and suburban regions of the GTA? 4) What are some of the differences between teen travel and adult travel? The issue is further probed through the collection of quantitative and qualitative travel data from first year students at the University of Toronto, and a series of focus groups held in locations in the GTA. The first year survey explores attitudes towards different modes in relation to the locational attributes of the respondent‘s hometown neighbourhood. The focus group sessions involve interviews with 26 teen and a take-home parental questionnaire. Results show that across the GTA, active transportation has decreased while auto passenger mode shares have increased. Younger teens walk more and older teens take transit more for both school and discretionary travel. Jurisdictions with better transit supply and orientation have higher transit mode shares for school trips, but discretionary trips have low transit mode shares. Walk mode shares for both school and discretionary travel are similar across all jurisdictions, regardless of whether they are urban or suburban. Additionally, the survey participants' narratives illustrate that the desire to travel actively and independently is strong. However, the reality of the final travel choice is determined by the presence of supportive infrastructure that facilitates active mode choices while shaping perceptions and attitudes formed as a result of daily travel experiences. Findings illustrate the relevance of qualitative work in advancing transportation research--particularly in understanding human travel decisions.

This study was undertaken to determine where adolescents obtain their health care. A survey form was sent to four high schools in this state which reported urban, suburban, and rural populations. This questionnaire contained 18 items designed to determine demographic statistics about the study population as well as to identify their source of health care. Results from the 569 respondents were tabulated and analyzed. Most of this 15-16 year old adolescent group considered their doctor to be a family doctor. It was to a family doctor that most adolescents turned to for medical care. Other physicians and health care providers delivered some of the care but usually the family physician was the most frequent care giver. Adolescents are felt to be an underserved group of patients and the results of this study could be used to channel more efforts toward delivery of their health care. Conclusions drawn here reveal that family physicians do provide most of an adolescent's care.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Conventional transportation demand management approaches have had limited success in reducing automobile dependency. As a result, it has become increasingly important to understand the decision-making processes involved in determining travel behaviour. The purpose of this dissertation is to extend research on urban form and travel behaviour beyond adult travel by examining teen travelers aged 13-19 in the Greater Toronto Area. Data from the Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS) survey are used to study four main research questions: 1) How has teen mode choice changed from 1986 to 2006? 2) How do these choices vary as teens transition from the 13-15 age group to being of driving age (16-19)? 3) How do these choices vary across the different urban and suburban regions of the GTA? 4) What are some of the differences between teen travel and adult travel? The issue is further probed through the collection of quantitative and qualitative travel data from first year students at the University of Toronto, and a series of focus groups held in locations in the GTA. The first year survey explores attitudes towards different modes in relation to the locational attributes of the respondent‘s hometown neighbourhood. The focus group sessions involve interviews with 26 teen and a take-home parental questionnaire. Results show that across the GTA, active transportation has decreased while auto passenger mode shares have increased. Younger teens walk more and older teens take transit more for both school and discretionary travel. Jurisdictions with better transit supply and orientation have higher transit mode shares for school trips, but discretionary trips have low transit mode shares. Walk mode shares for both school and discretionary travel are similar across all jurisdictions, regardless of whether they are urban or suburban. Additionally, the survey participants' narratives illustrate that the desire to travel actively and independently is strong. However, the reality of the final travel choice is determined by the presence of supportive infrastructure that facilitates active mode choices while shaping perceptions and attitudes formed as a result of daily travel experiences. Findings illustrate the relevance of qualitative work in advancing transportation research--particularly in understanding human travel decisions.

In the mid-1990s, two discourses of girlhood emerged in both the popular and academic spheres. Consolidated as the girl power discourse and girls in crisis discourse, the tension between these two intertwined discourses created a space for new narratives of female adolescence in the decade between 1995 and 2005. As sites of cultural construction and representation, teen films reveal the narratives of girlhood. The films under consideration serve as useful exemplars for an examination of how such discourses become mainstreamed, pervading society’s image of female adolescence.

This thesis explores incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among minority group teenagers in the United States and among adults aged 20-34 in the U.S. and in China. The focus is on trends and patterns in the United States compared to those in China. Research questions include whether or not the early onset of sexual activity is directly related to the incidence of STI transmission among Americans. The Chinese analysis enables addressing the question of whether or not a hidden epidemic exists in China with regard to STI transmission rates. The thesis involves three separate analyses including a comparative study of teens (age 15-19) and adults (age 20-44) in the United States, a comparative study of adults aged 20-44 in the United States and China, and a comparative analysis of urine-based results versus self-reported responses among the Chinese adults. The use of logistic regression is employed in order to model the odds of the risk of transmission among the different groups. The results from this thesis indicate that early onset of sexual activity is indeed a risk factor for young minority group members in the United States in terms of the bacterial infections. The analysis of American adults revealed that women who have college educations and who are not minority group members are at risk of contracting viral infections with more frequency. Finally, a hidden epidemic among Chinese women was detected with respect to the bacterial infections. It is important to study these trends within the U.S. and abroad in China for many reasons. First and foremost, young adults are the most heavily impacted in the United States. This population should be focused on as many of the infections discussed may lead to lifelong difficulties (including infertility) if left untreated. Also, with respect to China, a large proportion of those who are infected do not know they are. Again, these infections may lead to many complications and Chinese women are at an increased risk because many are infected unknowingly due to the behavior of their partner/spouse. Finally, sexually transmitted infections amplify the transmission rates of HIV/AIDS and should be studied specifically for this reason if none other.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ball State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-90).

Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College, 2007. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-51).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 348-360). Also available on the Internet.