Afrikaans: Tydens elke ontwikkelingsfase ervaar die mens unieke uitdagings waarvan adolessensie 'n besonder uitdagende fase van die mens se lewe is. In hierdie fase ervaar adolessente onder andere veranderinge wat in hulle eie liggame plaasvind, wat hulle uiteindelik moet aanvaar en inkorporeer as deel van hulle selfkonsep. Hulle moet by die verwisseling van laerskool na hoërskool aanpas, die verandering van die verhouding tussen adolessent en ouer waartydens die adolessent streef na onafhanklikheid akkommodeer en verskeie kognitiewe vaardighede bemeester. Die grootste ontwikkelingskrisis waardeur die adolessent moet beweeg, is egter die soeke na 'n eie identiteit. Die adolessent moet 'n sintese vind tussen die pole van identiteit en identiteitsverwarring. Die ideale sintese is betroubaarheid. Adolessente se soeke na 'n eie identiteit bring mee dat hulle in hierdie fase van hulle lewens eerder vir ondersteuning op hulle vriende sal staatmaak en ongelukkig dikwels aan dwelms, alkohol, vroeë seksuele aktiwiteite en die okkulte blootgestel word. Faktore wat hiermee saamgaan, is tienerswangerskappe, prostitusie, seksueeloordraagbare siektes, skoolverlating en haweloosheid. Die adolessent vertrou dikwels die jeugwerker met sy/haar behoeftes aangesien die jeugwerker gereeld saam met die adolessent belewenisse meemaak en jonk van gees is. Sekere jeugwerkers voel soms onseker en onkundig om die adolessent se probleme in totaliteit aan te spreek. Die onkundige gevoel en gebrek aan selfvertroue kan onder andere toegeskryf word aan ontoereikende vakkundige opleiding in berading. Aangesien die maatskaplike werker aansienlik meer in diepte vakkundige opleiding in berading ontvang, meestal vir vier (4) jaar, is die maatskaplike werker geïdentifiseer as 'n moontlike ondersteuningsisteem vir jeugwerkers wat met adolessente werk. Daar is 'n verkennende studie met die doel om 'n ondersteuningsisteem vir jeugwerkers in hulle werk met adolessente binne kerkverband te ontwikkel, geloods. Tydens hierdie studie is daar semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met elf (11) respondente gevoer. Vier areas waarin die maatskaplike werker moontlik die jeugwerker kan ondersteun is geïdentifiseer, naamlik konsultasie met die jeugwerker oor adolessente, verwysing van adolessente na 'n maatskaplike werker, deurlopende opleiding deur 'n maatskaplike werker aan jeugwerkers en konsultasie vir jeugwerkers in terme van persoonlike en professionele groei. Hierdie vier areas is in die onderhoudskedule geïnkorporeer en resultate van die onderhoude is verwerk. Die ondersteuningsisteem wat die maatskaplike werker aan die jeugwerker kan bied is beskryf aan die hand van Carl Rogers se persoongesentreerde benadering. Daar is ook aandag geskenk aan die jeugwerker en die historiese ontwikkeling van jeugwerk in Suid Afrika sowel as in die buiteland. Jeugwerk as professie behels ongereelde en ongewone werksure, dikwels ontoereikende salarisse, onduidelike vereistes rondom take van die jeugwerker en emosionele betrokkenheid en inspanning. Daar is bevind dat die maatskaplike werker 'n belangrike rol in die ondersteuning van jeugwerkers kan vervul ten einde meer effektiewe hulpverlening aan die adolessent te bied. English: A human being will experience challenges in every one of life's development phases. Of these developmental phases adolescence is an incredible challenging phase. As part of this phase adolescents experience changes to their bodies and have to except it and make it part of their self concept. The adolescent also has to deal with moving between primary and secondary school, learn to handle parent-child relationships while striving towards independence, and still master an amount of cognitive skills. The search for identity is however the greatest crisis to handle during this development phase. Here the adolescent must find a synthesis between the two opposites: identity and identity confusion. The ideal synthesis between these opposites is fidelity. It is exactly this search for their identity that urges the adolescent to seek support and advise from their peergroup. Unfortunately this advise often leads to the misuse of drugs and alcohol, as well as early sexual activity, and occultic practices. The above mentioned could lead to teenage pregnancies, prostitution, sexualy transmitted diseases, homelessness and leaving school early. Because the youth worker is young and youthful and also experiences events with the adolescent, adolescents will often trust the youth worker with their needs and problems. Some youth workers is unsure and lacks enough knowledge to deal with the adolescent's problems in totality. This lack of selfassurance could be a reflexion on the amount and dept of training received on guidance or counselling. The social worker receives sufficient training in councelling, mostly for four years, and are therefore identified as a possible support system for the youth worker working with adolescents. An exploratory research design was used with the main purpose of the study to develop a support system for youth workers working with adolescents in church. During this study eleven (11) participants were interviewed using an unstructured interview with a schedule. The four areas of support that were identified, were: consultation with the social worker about adolescent needs and problems, reference of adolescents to the social worker, continious training opportunities for the youth worker presented by the social worker, and the debriefing of youth workers to gain personal and professional growth. These four areas were included in the interview schedule and the results were analysed and interpreted. The above mentioned support system for youth workers is described by using the person-centred approach of Carl Rogers. Attention was also given to the historical development of youth work as a profession. Unusual and irregular working hours, inadequate salaries, unclear job descriptions, and emotional involvement and effort is often part of being a youth worker. It was concluded that the social worker can play an important role in the support system of youth workers to enable them to help adolescents in all their social needs and problems. / Dissertation (MSD (Research))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

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Alcohol consumption among adolescents is an important issue because of its link to many negative social and health problems, including depression, suicide, and aggression. Drawing from Hirschi’s social bonding theory and Agnew’s general strain theory, this study examines the effects of family relations on alcohol consumption among Turkish adolescents. Social bonding theory suggests that individuals with stronger social bonds are less likely to use alcohol than individuals with weaker social bonds. General strain theory, on the other hand, proposes that individuals with higher levels of strain due to financial difficulties and/or negative relationships are more likely to consume alcohol compared to individuals with lower levels of strain. In particular, this study proposes to examine how parental attachment, parental monitoring, time spent with family, parents’ religiosity, family economic strain, and negative life events in the family predict alcohol consumption among adolescents in Turkey. 2008 Youth in Europe (YIE) project data is used in the study. In general, the results indicate that social bonding and strain factors have significant effects on the adolescents’ alcohol consumption patterns. These findings will help to inform prevention programs aimed at reducing adolescent alcohol risk behaviors by explaining the importance of family relationships.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types of communication activities adolescents reported as important and used most frequently, and how these communication preferences were reflected in adolescents' identity development status. Participants were approximately 600 new university students who completed a survey regarding 18 communication activities, along with the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory identity subscale. Data analysis was conducted in two phases. To reduce the frequency and importance data to a manageable size, exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Two identical factors were identified and validated related to the importance and the frequency of communication activities. The first factor comprised four items related to online ''performance": online gaming, participation in virtual reality settings, live chat with strangers, and live chat with groups unknown to the individual. The second factor comprised four communication activities that occurred on social networking sites as individuals created lasting "exhibits" of themselves: updating a personal profile, viewing the profiles of others, posting status messages, and sharing pictures or other content (articles, jokes, videos) with others. Analysis of means indicated that the three communication activities rated as most important and frequently used were face-to-face interaction, voice calls and text messaging. These were followed by social networking activities, and then writing activities such as blogging. The performative activities identified in the exploratory factor analysis were ranked as least important and least frequently used. Regression analysis revealed small but statistically significant negative relationships between the reported importance of performative activities and identity development status, and between the reported frequency of performative activities and identity development status. Small positive relationships were also identified between the importance of face-to-face interaction and identity development status, and the importance of voice phone calls and identity development status. Small positive relationships were also identified between the frequency of face-to-face communication and identity development, between the frequency of voice phone calls and identity development, and between the frequency of email use and identity development.

Research on child sexual abuse (CSA), from the perspective of the perpetrator, has been conducted to better inform intervention and prevention programs. Although information from perpetrators can be beneficial for these programs, much of the research is limited by the diversity of sample populations of sex offenders. Moreover, potentially distinct variables relevant to specific populations (e.g., Latinos) have not been thoroughly studied in relation to CSA. To better understand the perpetration of CSA on variables that may be of particular concern to Latinos (i.e., relationship quality in familial supervision and acculturation strategies), the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between supervisor relationship quality, acculturation, and adolescent group membership (i.e., juvenile sex offender - JSO and juvenile comparison - JC). It was hypothesized that Latinos who are assimilated or marginalized are more likely to belong to the JSO group than the JC group. Further, Latino adolescents characterized by an integrated or separated acculturation strategy are more likely to be affiliated with JC group than the JSO group. It was also hypothesized that participants' relationship with their familial supervisor will predict adolescent membership and that acculturation will mediate this relationship. Results for both hypotheses were inconclusive. The probability of using a specific acculturation strategy was not statistically different for either adolescent group. The relationship between supervisor relationship quality and juvenile group membership was non-significant; therefore, the meditational role of acculturation could not be assessed. Further research, using a larger sample size with more complete data is recommended. Suggestions for other design improvements are also provided.

If correctional institutions are to function according to established criteria, that is, to “correct” the deviant behavior of juvenile delinquents, then one obvious requirement is to have continuous contact with that individual over a period of time. This research project is one attempt to study runaways from the juvenile delinquent girls institution. This study specifically focuses on what factors influence a girl to run away and what factors encourage her to stay at Villa St. Rose. Both researchers discovered in working at Villa St. Rose that one the biggest obstacles for the treatment program was the number of runaways that occurred. As a treatment facility having female adolescents in their care, runaways were demoralizing to the staff and debilitating to treatment.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study investigated teenage language and its functions. More specifically, after conducting a data analysis which revealed the most common features of “teen speak,” the features were dissected for their usage patterns and significance within the realm of adolescent life and development. The research was based on linguist Marcel Danesi’s model of teenage language, which provided a comparative basis for analysis and categorization.

Using the stress process model, the relationship between pregnancy and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls was investigated. This model posits that stress resulting from social location and related disruptive life events may indirectly affect health by eroding coping, mastery, or social support mechanisms. The effect of low income, minority status and pregnancy on coping processes in adolescent girls was hypothesized and tested. Communication with parents, involvement in activities, and success in school were examined as positive coping strategies. Smoking tobacco, heavy alcohol use, and drug use were examined as negative coping. Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed. After combining the available cases from the 2006, 2007, and 2008 datasets, selecting girls aged from 12 to 17 years, and removing missing cases; the sample consisted of a total of 22,854 adolescents. A series of binary logistic regression models were estimated. Findings included that coping strategies partially mediate the relationship between pregnancy and depressive symptoms. In particular, success in school, smoking tobacco, and drug abuse played a mediating role. When coping was accounted for, the relationship between pregnancy and depressive symptoms was reduced and became only marginally significant. Implications of the study include a focus on policy that promotes early intervention assisting at-risk adolescents with the development of coping strategies that may help them adjust to unexpected life events, such as pregnancy.

Thesis (MEd.) -- Stellenbosch University, 1993. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this investigation was to determine the needs and problems of Standard six pupils in schools controlled by the Department of Education and Culture (Administration: House of Representatives) and the extent to which these are being addressed by existing educational structures. The investigatior: consists of two parts, a literature study and an empirical investigation. The literature study consists of an examination of South African and international research relevant to the investigation. An analysis of South African and international school guidance programmes aimed at meeting the needs and solving possible problems is included and an overview is given of the role that the school, both nationally and internationally, can, is and should be playing to meet these needs and help solve these problems. The empirical investigation examined standard six pupils' problems and needs concerning extra-mural activities, relationships with peers and older pupils, teachers and parents and personal adjustment. A questionnaire to determine these needs and problems was administered to a representative random sample of secondary school pupils in the Cape Peninsula. To determine what is being done to address these needs and problems, a second questionnaire was sent to the 58 dual-medium state controlled schools in thE~ Cape Peninsula for standard Six guidance teachers. A third questionnaire was sent to the Department of Education and culture (Administration: House of Representatives) to determine whether the Department agreed that the school guidance programme for Standard six pupils had been adequately applied by the school guidance teachers. Both South African and internati.onal research indicates that many adolescents experience adjustment problems on entering secondary school. Education authorities worldwide address these problems in various ways. In South l~frica, guidance and counselling services are available through elll the education departments, but their effectiveness and implementation need to be clarified because uniform control is not being exercised. The present research showed that most of the secondary schools in the survey do not have an orientation programme to assist pupils to bridge the gap between the primary and the secondary schools. Although this research does not offer conclusive evidence that Standard Six pupils are adversely affected by their present circumstances, the following needs were established: pupils • need to belong, supported by their opinion that extra-mural activities should be compulsory pupils' need for parent~; to be more lnvolved in school activities pupils' need for satisfactory relationships with teachers pupils' need for satisfactory peer relationships. Bas~~ on the~e findings, a number of recommendations have been made. These include: a sound orientation programme and the Careful selection of teachers who are sensitive to the needs of standard six 1Jupils an extra-mural programme where teachers and senior pupils can play a significant role to enhance the formation of constructive social groups and engender a sense of belonging a guidance programme incorporating group work and which teaches coping and problem-solving skills one non-racial education department with equal financing for all pupils and a uniform system of examination and certifica.tion the establishment of "mini-schools" or "middle schools" and the adoption of extended support for pupils to reduce adjustment problems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om die behoeftes en probleme van Standerd Ses-Ieerlinge in skole onder die Departement van Onderwys en Kultuur (Administrasie: Huis van Verteenwoordigers) te bepaal asook die mate waarin hierdie behoeftes en probleme deur bestaande onderwysstrukture aangespreek word. Die ondersoek bestaan uit twee dele, 'n literatuurstudie en empiriese ondersoek. Die literatuurstudie bestaan uit 'n ondersoek van relevante suidAfrikaanse en internasionale navorsing. Dit sluit ook in 'n ontleding van beide Suid-Afrikaanse en internasionale skoolvoorligtingsprogramme wat op behoeftebevrediging asook probleemoplossing gemik is. 'n Oorsig word ook gegee van die rol wat die skool, op nasionale asook internasionale vIak, kan, moet en reeds speel om behoeftebevrediging teweeg te bring. Die empiriese ondersoek het standerd Ses-leerlinge se behoeftes en probleme met betrekking tot hul houding jeens die skool, akademiese prestasie, buitemuurse aktiwiteite, verhouding met die portuurgroep en ouer leerlinge, onderwysers en ouers, en persoonlike aanpassing ondersoek. 'n Vraelys om hierdie behoeftes en probleme vas te stel is deur 'n verteenwoordigende ewekansige monster van sekondêre skool leerlinge in die Kaapse Skiereiland ingevul. Om vas te stel wat reeds gedoen word om hierdie behoeftes en probleme aan te spreek, is vraelyste aan standerd Sesvoorligtingonderwysers van die 58 dubbelmedium staatsbeheerde skole in die Kaapse Skiereiland gestuur. 'n Derde vraely- is aan die Departement van Onderwys (Administrasie: Huis van Verteenwoordigers) gestuur met die doel om vas te stel of die skoolvoorligtingsprogram vir standerd sesleerlinge doeltreffend aangewend is deur die skoolvoorligtingsonderwysers. Beide suid-Afrikaanse en internasionale navorsing toon dat baie adolessente aanpassingsprobleme ondervind by toetrede tot die sekondAre skool. Onderwysowerhede wêreldwyd spreek hierdie probleme verskillend aan. In suid-Afrika is voorligtings- en raadgewende dienste deur middel van al die onderwysdepartemente beskikbaar, maar hul effektiwiteit en implementering moet ondersoek word aangesien eenvormige kontrole nie uitgeoefen word nie. Die onderhawige navorsing het getoon dat die meeste sekondere skole in die opname nie oor 'n orienteringsprogram beskik om leerlinge te help om die gaping tussen die primere en die sekondere skool te oorbrug nie. Alhoewel hierdie ondersoek nie afdoende bewys lewer dat Standerd Ses-leerlinge deur hul huidige omstandighede benadeel word nie, is die volgende behoeftes vasgestel: - leerlinge se behoefte om in te skakel, wat ondersteun word deur hul mening dat buitemuurse aktiwiteite verpligtend behoort te wees - leerlinge se behoefte dat ouers meer betrokke moet wees by skoolaktiwiteite - leerlinge se behoefte aan bevredigende verhoudings met hul onderwysers - leerlinge se behoefte aan In bevredigende verhouding met hul portuurgroep. 'n Aantal aanbevelings is op grond van hierdie bevindinge gedoen. Dit sluit in: - 'n goeie orienteringsprogram en die omsigtige seleksie van onderwysers wat sensitief is vir die behoeftes van Standerd Ses-leerlinge - 'n buitemuurseprogram waar onderwysers en senior leerlinge 'n doeltreffende rol kan speel om konstruktiewe sosiale groepe te bevorder sowel as In gevoel van samehorigheid - 'n voorligtingsprogram wat groepwerk insluit en wat lewens-en probleemoplossingsvaardighede onderrig - een nie-rassige onderwysdepartement met gelyke finansiering vir aIle leerlinge asook In uniforme eksamen- en sertifiseringstelsel - die oprig van "miniskole" of "middelskole" en die daarstel van aanvullende ondersteuning vir leerlinge om aanpassingsprobleme te verminder

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences