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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / Testing aircraft brake and tire systems often results in tire temperatures that makes the aircraft unsafe to approach (due to explosion risk) for up to 45 minutes; this complicates cost effective test execution. This paper describes work on a wireless sensor system that measures multiple tire temperatures and transmits the data to someone at a safe distance (>300 ft). The solution consists of a sensor patch adhered directly to the tire which measures the tire temperature. The patch transmits these measurements to off-tire reader/relay nodes that subsequently sends the data to a system controller and display device.

In this dissertation, a new reconstruction algorithm to estimate the complete temperature field during hyperthermia is developed which relies upon a limited amount of transient measured temperature data. The predictive capabilities of this new algorithm are then systematically studied; first using one-dimensional simulated treatments, then using three-dimensional simulated treatments, and finally applying it to hyperthermia treatments of normal canine thighs. It was found that this new algorithm predicts the complete temperature fields more accurately and robustly than the steady-state approach. In particular, it can better predict the complete temperature fields in situations where the number of unknown blood perfusion parameters are greater than the number of available temperature sensors. It was also found that the steady-state temperature field could be estimated to within 1°C if there was no measurement noise, no model mismatch, and as few as three measurement locations for seven perfusion zones. The addition of measurement noise degraded the performance of this estimation algorithm especially when the number of measurement locations was small. It was found that use of Tikhonov regularization of order zero significantly improved the performance of the algorithm and that there was an optimal choice for the regularization parameter. For the animal experiments, normal canine thighs were instrumented with one-hundred twelve thermocouples and heated to steady-state using a 6 cm planar ultrasound transducer operating at 0.5 MHz: then the power was turned off and the transient cool down temperature data was stored for later use by the reconstruction algorithm. Only a subset of the one-hundred twelve measurements was used as input to the reconstruction algorithm. The remaining measurements were used to compare the results of the reconstruction algorithm with the true temperatures. The results showed that in general the predicted perfusion and reconstructed temperature field did not change significantly as sensors were removed. However, the error was quite large for some of the situations studied particularly when only twenty-seven piecewise constant regions of perfusion were used. Increasing the number of perfusion regions reduced this error suggesting that model mismatch had contributed significantly to the error.

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Class of 2005 Abstract / Objective: To determine whether prescription medication vials are exposed to excessive temperatures during delivery by mail or truck by recording temperatures continuously throughout the delivery process. Methods: During one part of the study, temperatures were recorded, starting when the package, housing the prescription vial and digital thermometer, was placed in the mailbox in Phoenix and continued every 15 minutes until the package was retrieved from the researcher’s mailbox in Tucson. During the second component of the study, temperatures were recorded starting when the package was dropped off at the shipping facility and continued every 15 minutes throughout ground delivery by truck until the package was delivered to the researcher’s home. Ten trials were done for each arm of the study on five different days, with two packages for each arm being sent each time. Results: There were 1,300 temperature readings for the mail arm of the study. Five hundred twenty-two temperature readings were in excess of the desired range of 59-86ο F; for a percentage of 40.1%. For the truck arm of the study, there were 1,272 temperature readings. Three hundred sixty-nine temperature readings were in excess of the desired range; a percentage of 29.0%. Temperature readings ranged from 69.8-111.2ο F for the mailed packages and 70.7-120.5ο F for the packages sent by truck. Conclusions: Prescription medication vials are subjected to excessive temperatures during delivery by mail and truck.

Experiments have been conducted with a two-dimensional timedependent, numerical model of the general circulation of the atmosphere up to the mesopause. A scheme for the calculation of cooling rates due to the 15(mu)m band of carbon dioxide is developed. It uses the Curtis matrix approach which incorporates cooling-to-space, transfer of radiation between atmospheric layers and non-equilibrium effects in the upper mesosphere. The sensitivity of the cooling rate calculations to the choice of collisional relaxation time is investigated. An 'almost exact' scheme to calculate heating rates due to the absorption of solar radiation by ozone and molecular oxygen is presented. Use of both new radiation schemes enables the diabatic heating rate to be calculated to the upper boundary of the model. Other heat sources in the region of the mesopause are discussed. Incorporation of the new schemes considerably improves the modelled temperature structure of:the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The upper mesosphere is not well reproduced with no indication of the observed cold summer mesopause. The heat and momentum budgets of the mesosphere are studied. Eddy momentum fluxes derived from satellite observations of planetary waves are found to be significant for the circulation and transport properties of the stratosphere but incapable of producing the required distribution of angular momentum in the mesosphere. A Rayleigh friction parameterisation is included in the mesosphere to reproduce the observed zonal wind and temperature structure. Momentum deposition by tides and gravity waves is discussed. Curtis matrices are calculated with higher mixing ratios of carbon dioxide and the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on stratospheric temperatures and ozone is investigated. Temperature decreases of up to about 10K are predicted with increases in ozone concentration in the upper stratosphere. In the lower stratosphere the ozone increases are restricted to high latitudes and a decrease shown in equatorial regions. The latitudinal variations are reflected in the ozone column density. An experiment is conducted in which chlorofluorocarbons are released into the model atmosphere and the effects on stratospheric ozone are in exactly the opposite sense to those predicted for the CO2 case. A run in which CO2 and CFCs are introduced simultaneously shows that the two effects are not linearly additive. A simple photochemical theory is used to investigate the temperature dependence of ozone and to explain the non-linearity of the coupled experiment.