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The work presented in this thesis is a first attempt investigating a new field, exploring the visual effects of movement using light as a continuous time-based medium. Composing over time, temporal patterns - in Textile Design is a practice based research project that investigates the following research question: What does it mean, if time and change – constant movement – becomes part of the textile design expression? The research question has been investigated in a number of experiments that explore the visual effects of movement using light integrated into textile structures as a medium. Thereby, the textile design pattern reveals its composition, not in one moment of time any more, but in fact over time. This thesis aims to create time-based textiles with an emphasis on developing aesthetics of movement – or to establish movement as an aesthetic moment in textile design. Two distinct groups of experiments, colour flow and rhythm exercise, explore a range of different time-based expressions. The experiments have been displayed and explored using woven and braided textile structures which have been construct mainly through the integration of PMMA optical fibres. Through the design processes a first platform and understanding about time as a design material has been developed, which allows composing time-based patterns in light design. New design variables, notions and tools have been defined and established. The achieved new expressions will hopefully lead to discussions on and envisioning of future textiles, opening up the general perception of what textiles are supposed to be like, to show, to express etc., i.e. expands notions of what it means to read a piece of textile work. / <p>Editor: Lars Hallnäs (LHS), Swedish School of Textiles</p>

Esta pesquisa investiga o comportamento temporal de sentenças com os verbos modais poder, dever e ter que no português brasileiro (PB). Tomamos como ponto de partida as noções de perspectiva e orientação temporal, de Condoravdi (2002), que podem ser definidas, grosso modo, como o momento de avaliação modal de uma sentença e o momento de realização da proposição sob o escopo do modal. Os dois objetivos principais deste trabalho são (i) identificar as fontes da perspectiva e orientação temporal de sentenças modais e (ii) identificar e explorar a natureza de potenciais restrições à interpretação temporal dessas sentenças. Em relação à fixação da perspectiva temporal, os dados do PB corroboram a proposta amplamente aceita na literatura de que modais epistêmicos são interpretados acima de TP e de AspP, ao passo que modais raiz são interpretados abaixo dessas duas projeções funcionais. Devido a essa diferença de altura, modais epistêmicos sempre ancoram sua perspectiva temporal no momento de fala, enquanto modais raiz fixam sua perspectiva a partir do Tempo e aspecto da oração. Quanto à orientação temporal, mostramos que as propriedades de cada classe de modais também podem ser facilmente derivadas dessa diferença sintática. Modais epistêmicos podem ter orientações verdadeiramente passadas, que surgem quando o núcleo temporal sob seu escopo é pretérito. Modais raiz, por outro lado, utilizam apenas operadores aspectuais alojados em seus prejacentes para definir sua orientação temporal, o que explica por que esses modais só podem ter orientações presentes, futuras ou perfeitas. Com respeito às restrições à interpretação temporal de sentenças modais, propomos que elas são muito mais circunscritas do que sugerem trabalhos anteriores (Werner (2006), Klecha (2016), entre outros). Assumimos que tendência de modais raiz terem orientação futura é de natureza extralinguística: as noções normalmente transmitidas por esses modais são naturalmente orientadas ao futuro, mas em contextos adequados, orientações presentes e perfeitas podem ser obtidas. A única restrição realmente atestada é a impossibilidade de modais epistêmicos universais serem orientados ao futuro. Seguindo Giannakidou e Mari (2018), explicamos essa restrição como sendo um efeito de bloqueio causado pela competição com o auxiliar do futuro perifrástico ir, que seria a forma especializada de expressão de necessidade epistêmica futura. / This research investigates the temporal behavior of modal sentences with the verbs poder, dever and ter que in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). We take as a starting point the notions of temporal perspective and temporal orientation (Condoravdi (2002)), which can be roughly defined as the moment of modal evaluation of a sentence and the moment of realization of the proposition under the scope of the modal. The two main objectives of this work are (i) to identify the sources of temporal perspective and orientation of modal sentences and (ii) to identify and explore the nature of potential constraints to the temporal interpretation of these sentences. When it comes to the source of temporal perspective, the data from BP corroborates the widely-accepted assumption that epistemic modals are interpreted above TP and AspP, while root modals are interpreted below these two functional projections. Because of this difference in height, epistemic modals always anchor their temporal perspective in the speech time, whereas root modals use tense and aspect to define theirs. As for temporal orientation, we have shown that the properties of each class of modals can also be easily derived from this syntactic difference. Epistemic modals can have truly past orientations, which arise when the tense head under their scope is past. Root modals, on the other hand, use only the aspectual operadors hosted in their prejacents to define their temporal orientation, which explains why these modals can only have present, future or perfect orientations. With respect to constraints to the temporal orientation of modal sentences, we propose that they are far more circunscribed than what previous works have suggested (Werner (2006), Klecha (2016), among others). We assumed that the tendency of root modals to be future-oriented is extralinguistic: the notions normally conveyed by these modals are naturally oriented to the future, but, given an appropriate context, present and perfect orientations can be obtained. The only constraint we actually identified is the impossibility of universal epistemic modals being oriented to the future. Following Giannakidou e Mari (2018), we explained this constraint as a blocking effect caused by competition with the perifrastic future auxiliary ir, which would be the specialized form for the expression of future epistemic necessity

Kam, Po-shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-97). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Data Mining --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Temporal Data Management --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Temporal reasoning and temporal semantics --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Temporal Data Mining --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Motivation --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6 --- Approach --- p.7 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Focus and Objectives --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Experimental Setup --- p.8 / Chapter 1.7 --- Outline and contributions --- p.9 / Chapter 2 --- Relevant Work --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Data Mining --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Association Rules --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Classification --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Clustering --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sequential Pattern --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Frequent Patterns --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Interesting Patterns --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Granularity --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Temporal Database --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- Temporal Reasoning --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Natural Language Expression --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Temporal Logic Approach --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5 --- Temporal Data Mining --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Framework --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Temporal Association Rules --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Attribute-Oriented Induction --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Time Series Analysis --- p.27 / Chapter 3 --- Discovering Temporal Patterns for interval-based events --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- Temporal Database --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Allen's Taxonomy of Temporal Relationships --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- "Mining Temporal Pattern, AppSeq and LinkSeq" --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- A1 and A2 temporal pattern --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- "Second Temporal Pattern, LinkSeq" --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Overview of the Framework --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- "Mining Temporal Pattern I, AppSeq" --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- "Mining Temporal Pattern II, LinkSeq" --- p.36 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.37 / Chapter 4 --- "Mining Temporal Pattern I, AppSeq" --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Mining A1 Temporal Patterns --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Candidate Generation --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Large k-Items Generation --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3 --- Mining A2 Temporal Patterns --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Candidate Generation: --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Generating Large 2k-Items: --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4 --- Modified AppOne and AppTwo --- p.51 / Chapter 4.5 --- Performance Study --- p.53 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Experimental Setup --- p.53 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Experimental Results --- p.54 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Medical Data --- p.58 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.60 / Chapter 5 --- "Mining Temporal Pattern II, LinkSeq" --- p.62 / Chapter 5.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.62 / Chapter 5.2 --- "First Method for Mining LinkSeq, LinkApp" --- p.63 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Second Method for Mining LinkSeq, LinkTwo" --- p.64 / Chapter 5.4 --- "Alternative Method for Mining LinkSeq, LinkTree" --- p.65 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Sequence Tree: Design --- p.65 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Construction of seq-tree --- p.69 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Mining LinkSeq using seq-tree --- p.76 / Chapter 5.5 --- Performance Study --- p.82 / Chapter 5.6 --- Discussions --- p.85 / Chapter 5.7 --- Summary --- p.85 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Future Work --- p.87 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.87 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future Work --- p.88 / Bibliography --- p.97