In this thesis¡M As-grown and H-treated polycrystalline diamond film Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor on the p-type surface semiconductive layers of undoped hydrogen-terminated CVD diamond films were successfully fabricated using a new fabrication process[1-2]. This new fabrication process of the polycrystalline diamond film MISFET exploits selected area deposition (SAD)[3] with Shadow Mask and indeed possesses low cost and less process¡Mso it was a best alternation for diamond device fabrication recently. Next, a modified equivalent circuit of the polycrystalline diamond film MISFET on the p-type surface semiconductive layers of undoped hydrogen-terminated CVD diamond films is also proposed, which consists of FET and the parasitic current conduction paths. The FET current path represents the currents flowed through the P-type conductive layer, and the parasitic current conductance paths represents the currents flowed through the barrier of metal/diamond and through both of the grain boundary and bulk diamond, respectively. In addition, the I-V characteristics of As-grown and H-treated polycrystalline diamond film MISFET has been successfully simulated by using this modified equivalent circuit. The simulation results show good agreements with the measurement. In addition, the I-V characteristics of As-grown polycrystalline diamond film MISFET, from measurement and simulation results, were great affected by the grain boundaries and bulk diamond crystallites, and their shape is similar to that of Schottky diode. Whereas, the effect of the bulk diamond crystallites and diamond grain boundaries was great decreased after hydrogen plasma treatment and the shape of the I-V characteristics is similar to that of Si-MISFET. This result is believed to have important impacts for the application of diamond device in the nearest future.

Due to a lack of understanding lesbian and gay lived experiences in counseling, the counseling field is also lacking understanding of the lesbian and gay experiences in counseling that lead to premature termination. Without the knowledge of personal understanding of these experiences, it is difficult to also understand how to retain lesbian and gay clients, provide appropriate counselor training, and even explore cultural humility. The term cultural humility represents the implicit and explicit impact that culture has on the counselor and challenges assumptions made by the practitioner as well as assumptions about client culture (Fisher-Borne et al., 2015). The experiences of the lesbian and gay population are not well documented and are lacking in the research. Utilizing Relational-Cultural Theory (RCT) and the hermeneutic phenomenology of Van Manen (2016), this research study explored insight about lesbian and gay adult lived experiences who have terminated counseling prematurely. Hand coding was used to explore the narratives of 6 participants that generated 4 major themes and 11 subordinate themes. Themes included therapeutic alliance, interpersonal interference, ethical boundaries, cultural humility/cultural misunderstanding, and cultural invalidation. The results of this study gave a voice to the participants' challenges in counseling and offered awareness into what helped retain the participants and what might have implicated early termination. A better understanding of these experiences may equip counselors and counselors in training about the lesbian and gay adult population in counseling, how to retain them, and give clues to understanding ongoing cultural dissonance in counseling.

The thesis presents the research results obtained while studying novel chemical strategies for preparing Si(100)-based electrochemical platforms suitable for aqueous environments. A primary research aim was the preparation of well-passivated Si(100) surfaces amenable to further chemical derivatization. The preparation and functionalization of alkyne-terminated alkyl monolayers on Si(100) surfaces using the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar ???click??? cycloaddition of azides with surface-bound acetylenes is reported and shown to be a versatile, experimentally simple, chemically unambiguous modular approach to modified silicon surfaces. Covalently immobilized, structurally well-defined acetylenyl organic monolayers are prepared from a commercially available ??,??-diyne (1,8-nonadiyne) species using a one-step thermal hydrosilylation procedure. Subsequent derivatization of the alkyne-terminated monolayers in aqueous environments with representative azide species affords disubstituted surface-bound [1,2,3]-triazole species. Neither activation procedures nor protection/deprotection schemes are required, as is the case with more established grafting approaches for silicon surfaces. The described surface modification scheme has been used in preparing modified Si(100) electrode surfaces, where modular components such as ferrocene derivatives or electrochemically ???switchable??? linker molecules are introduced onto the passivated silicon surface. An implementation study to prepare modified light-addressable ???switchable??? Si(100) electrodes is also reported. Negligible oxidation of the substrate was generally observed after exposure to aqueous systems for extended periods (tens of hours), and the electroactive monolayers showed a robust and reversible behaviour. The proposed concept of modular components and high-yielding coupling procedures has been shown on Si(100) surfaces and also extended to illustrate the functionalization of porous silicon rugate filters.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad det är som gör att vissa fullföljer sin utbildning och varför andra avbryter studierna på vård och omsorgsprogrammet på Komvux. Av vilken anledning fullföljer inte eleverna sina studier? Vad kan påverka studierna? Studien är kvalitativ och utgår från intervjuer med elever på vård och omsorgsprogrammet. Metoden som användes vid intervjuerna var halvstrukturerade frågor. Studiens konklusion är att eleverna inte fullföljer sina studier främst för att de blir gravida och för att de har svårt att hänga med pga. utbildningens upplägg och studietakt. Eleverna påverkas negativt av sin livssituation som tex att de har familj vilket gör att det är svårt att fokusera på studierna. Även hur undervisning bedrivs påverkar resultat och att det sociokulturella perspektivet har stor vikt för att eleverna skall fullfölja sina studier. Studien visar även att de som fullföljer sina studier sig har ett tydligt mål med sina studier som t.ex. att läsa vidare på Universitetet till sjuksköterska. / The aim of this study is to explore which factors that impact some students to continue and complete their studies in the health care program and why some of them had terminated their education. The method that was used was qualitative research interviews. In other words, interviewing the students with open questions rather than a questionnaire. The conclusion of the study was that the prime reasons for students who terminated their health care program were that they were pregnant or that they experienced that they could not cope with the study pace or the content of the studies. The students expressed that they were stressed by their own private living situation which led to difficulties in focusing on their studies. The results of the study also show how the scope of the health care program impacts on the students’ outcomes as well as how the social-cultural perspectives are of great importance for the success of the students’ attempts to finish their course. Finally, the study shows that they who completed their health care program had a clear goal with their studies e.g. to enter the Department of Nursing at the University.

No description available.

No description available.

Constructing a detailed understanding of the heterogeneous oxidation of atmospheric organic aerosols, both from a mechanistic and kinetic perspective, will enable researchers to predict the fate and lifetime of atmospheric gases and the particles with which they interact. In an effort to develop a more complete understanding of the interfacial reactions of ozone with vinyl-containing organic thin films, self-assembled monolayers that contain vinyl groups positioned precisely at the gas/surface interface were synthesized as model systems for atmospheric organic aerosols. To isolate the reactions of background gases with ozone or surface products, an ultrahigh vacuum surface analysis instrument was designed and constructed to explore the reactions of ozone with the atmospheric model systems. The surface reactions can be monitored in real-time with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and mass spectrometry. The chemical identity of adsorbates on a surface can also be determined before or after a reaction with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Disordering of the monolayers concurrent with the disappearance of the vinyl group was observed with RAIRS. New bands within the RAIR spectra were observed and assigned to carbonyl or carboxylic acids bound to the surface. Little oxidation of the sulfur head groups and no significant loss of carbon during the reaction was observed with XPS. A mechanism is proposed that includes the cross linking of the hydrocarbon chains within the monolayer, which impedes further oxidation of the sulfur head group and limits desorption of the chains. By RAIRS, the kinetics of the oxidation of the vinyl groups were tracked and an observed rate constant was determined by monitoring the changes in IR absorbance of the C=C bond. With the aid of the rate constant, an initial reaction probability for the collisions of ozone with vinyl groups positioned precisely at an interface was determined. The reaction probability is approximately three orders of magnitude greater than the reaction probability for an analogous gas-phase reaction, which demonstrates that the gas/surface interface plays an important role in this reaction. The results presented in this thesis should help develop a more detailed understanding of the interfacial reactions of pure ozone at surfaces. / Ph. D.

The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is an international collaboration of researchers interested in Earth's near-space plasma environment. This group uses high frequency (HF) radars and backscatter from magnetic field-aligned plasma irregularities to study space weather manifested in the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. Space weather impacts many technological systems including Global Positioning System (GPS), spacecraft orbits, power distribution, surveillance radar, HF communications and transpolar aviation. This thesis explores, in detail, the techniques and challenges of constructing, testing, and operating a newly designed SuperDARN HF radar. In modern times, the use of such frequencies for radar is limited to very specific applications and thus the topics presented are not common place. A new antenna design, the twin terminated folded dipole (TTFD), is analyzed along with the modeling results for several proposed and constructed phased arrays for this design. Finally, an initial radiation pattern measurement for the TTFD is presented and notes on how a similar measurement might be conducted on a TTFD phased array. / Master of Science

This dissertation documents the building of computational propellant/ingredient models toward predicting AP/HTPB/Al cookoff events. Two computer codes were used to complete this work; a steady-state code and a transient ignition code Numerous levels of verification resulted in a robust set of codes to which several propellant/ingredient models were applied. To validate the final cookoff predictions, several levels of validation were completed, including the comparison of model predictions to experimental data for: AP steady-state combustion, fine-AP/HTPB steady-state combustion, AP laser ignition, fine-AP/HTPB laser ignition, AP/HTPB/Al ignition, and AP/HTPB/Al cookoff. A previous AP steady-state model was updated, and then a new AP steady-state model was developed, to predict steady-state combustion. Burning rate, temperature sensitivity, surface temperature, melt-layer thickness, surface species at low pressure and high initial temperature, final flame temperature, final species fractions, and laser-augmented burning rate were all predicted accurately by the new model. AP ignition predictions gave accurate times to ignition for the limited experimental data available. A previous fine-AP/HTPB steady-state model was improved to predict a melt layer consistent with observation and avoid numerical divergence in the ignition code. The current fine-AP/HTPB model predicts burning rate, surface temperature, final flame temperature, and final species fractions for several different propellant formulations with decent success. Results indicate that the modeled condensed-phase decomposition should be exothermic, instead of endothermic, as currently formulated. Changing the model in this way would allow for accurate predictions of temperature sensitivity, laser-augmented burning rate, and surface temperature trends. AP/HTPB ignition predictions bounded the data across a wide range of heat fluxes. The AP/HTPB/Al model was based upon the kinetics of the AP/HTPB model, with the inclusion of aluminum being inert in both the solid and gas phases. AP/HTPB/Al ignition predictions bound the data for all but one source. AP/HTPB/Al cookoff predictions were accurate when compared to the limited data, being slightly low (shorter time) in general. Comparisons of AP/HTPB/Al ignition and cookoff data showed that the experimental data might be igniting earlier than expected.

Syftet med denna undersökning har varit att se vad förvaltningsrätten grundar sina avslag gällande avslutad LVU vård på när det avser bristande omsorg. Intresset uppkom genom den samhälleliga diskussionen kring LVU där jag uppfattat att det finns två läger – Säkrare kontroller vid en hemflytt, och att barn blir placerade enligt LVU på allt för lättvindiga grunder. Anledningen till att det blev just den bristande omsorgsförmågan som ska ligga till grund för placeringen, var att bristande omsorg kan ha olika kännetecken och därför även vara mer diffust att utreda.   För att ta reda på hur rätten resonerar har jag gjort en tematisk analys av förvaltningsrättsdomar som mitt empiriska material. Efter att jag kodat mitt material blev det snabbt tydligt att det fanns främst två orsaker till att rätten avslog vårdnadshavarnas önskan om avslutad vård. Det ena var att de förhållanden som föranlett vården inte hade förändrats, det andra var att föräldrarna saknade insikt.  I min analys valde jag att använda mig av anknytningsteorin samt ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv. Utifrån dessa teoretiska ramar kunde jag se att anknytning till barnet var något rätten fäste stor vikt vid. Vidare kunde jag identifiera att rätten resonerade olika och la tonvikten på olika aspekter beroende på om det var en mamma, pappa eller båda som ville att vården skulle avslutas.  Den här undersökningen är relevant för socialt arbete då det kan bidra till en ökad förståelse för vad rätten lägger vikt på vid en bedömning av om vård är nödvändig eller inte. Detta skulle kunna underlätta för socialtjänsten att upprätta en handlingsplan till vårdnadshavarna, för att på ett effektivt sätt hjälpa dem att få hem sina barn igen.  Trots att de nordiska länderna till stor del har ett liknande tillvägagångssätt när det kommer till barnavårdsutredningar, finns även en del skillnader som skulle kunna ha stor betydelse för individen. Detta har fått mig att reflektera kring huruvida Sveriges system är det mest rättssäkra eller inte. / The purpose of this research has been to see on what the administrative court bases its refusals regarding the terminated out-of-home placements when kids have been maltreated by their guardian or guardians. The interest was triggered by the wider societal discussion about out-of-home placements, from which I was able to identify two predominant groups. One group believed a more thorough investigation was required prior to end placements, and the other believed that social service placed children in out-of-home care on too easy grounds. The reason I decided to focus my study on children that has been maltreated by their guardians is that it could include a verity of characteristics and could therefore be difficult to investigate.  To find out how the court reasons, I have done a thematic study with administrative court judgments as my empirical material. After I´d coded the material, it quickly became obvious that there were mainly two reasons why the court rejected the guardians' wish for terminated care. The first was that the conditions had not changed enough and the other reason was that the parents were lacking insight.  In my analysis, I chose to use the attachment theory and a social constructionist perspective. Based on these theoretical frameworks, I could see that connection to the child was something the court put great importance in. Furthermore, I could identify that the court reasoned differently on some aspects depending on whether it was the mother, father or both who wanted the care to be terminated. This study is relevant for social work since it can contribute to an increased understanding of what the court finds important in assessing whether care is necessary or not. This could make it easier for the social services to come up with an action plan for the guardians, in order to effectively help them get their children home again. Despite the fact that the Nordic countries largely have a similar approach when it comes to child care investigations, there are also some differences that could be of great importance to the individual. This has made me reflect on whether or not Sweden's system is the most legally secure. And if there are aspects we could learn and maybe take after from our neighbours.