The purpose of the study was to explore and describe factors influencing termination of pregnancy and describe measures that can be implemented to reduce the high rate of Termination of pregnancy (TOP). A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was followed, in order to explore and describe factors influencing termination of pregnancy in Mafikeng North West Province. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify participants who met inclusion criteria for the study. The sample size was determined by data saturation, which was reached after twenty five in-depth individual interviews with women requesting TOP was done. In-depth individual interviews were utilized to gather data after written approval from the Human research Ethics committee as well as the Research Ethics Committee of the North West University (Mafikeng Campus), North West Provincial Department of Health, Operational manager of Montshioa Stadt Health Centre, and Hospital Manager of Mafikeng Provincial Hospital where data was collected, and consent was also obtained from women who requested TOP. The findings of this study indicated that factors influencing termination of pregnancy were economic factors, the need for self development, health factors and social factors. From the results, women requesting termination of Pregnancy think that effective use of contraceptives and correct use of condom can reduce the high rate of termination of pregnancy. Conclusion reached were that, non-use of contraceptives and incorrect use of condoms influenced TOP, as it was their common problem, hence the researcher suggested that health education on different methods of contraceptives should be given to teenage girls and other older women by health care providers. Recommendations in the field of nursing practice, nursing education, as well as nursing research were made. / Thesis (M.Cur) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2012

The modulation of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) Carbon in a north-south asymmetrical heliosphere is studied, using a two-dimensional numerical model that contains a solar wind termination shock (TS), a heliosheath, as well as particle drifts and diffusive shock re-acceleration of GCRs. The asymmetry in the geometry of the heliosphere is incorporated in the model by assuming a significant dependence on heliolatitude of the thickness of the heliosheath. As a result, the model allows comparisons of modulation in the north and south hemispheres during both magnetic polarity cycles of the Sun, and from solar minimum to moderate maximum conditions. When comparing the computed spectra between polar angles of 55o (approximating the Voyager 1 direction) and 125o (approximating the Voyager 2 direction), it is found that at kinetic energies E < 1:0 GeV/nuc the effects of the assumed asymmetry in the geometry of the heliosphere on the modulated spectra are insignificant up to 60 AU from the Sun, but become increasingly more significant with larger radial distances to reach a maximum inside the heliosheath. In contrast, with E > 1:0 GeV/nuc, these effects remained insignificant throughout the heliosphere even very close to the heliopause (HP). However, when the enhancement of both polar and radial perpendicular diffusion coefficients off the equatorial plane is assumed to differ from heliographic pole to pole, reflecting different modulation conditions between the two hemispheres, major differences in the computed intensities between the two Voyager directions are obtained throughout the heliosphere. The model is further improved by incorporating new information about the HP location and the relevant heliopause spectrum for GCR Carbon at E < 200 MeV/nuc based on the recent Voyager 1 observations. When comparing the computed solutions at the Earth with ACE observations taken during different solar modulation conditions, it is found that it is possible for the level of modulation at the Earth, when solar activity changes from moderate maximum conditions to solar minimum conditions, to exceed the total modulation between the HP and the Earth during solar minimum periods. In the outer heliosphere, reasonable compatibility with the corresponding Voyager observations is established when drifts are scaled down to zero in the heliosheath in both polarity cycles. The effects of neglecting drifts in the heliosheath are found to be more significant than neglecting the enhancement of polar perpendicular diffusion. Theoretical expressions for the scattering function required for the reduction of the drift coefficient in modulation studies are illustrated and implemented in the numerical model. It is found that when this scattering function decreases rapidly over the poles, the computed A < 0 spectra are higher than the A > 0 spectra at all energies at Earth primarily because of drifts, which is unexpected from a classical drift modeling point of view. Scenarios of this function with strong decreases over the polar regions seem realistic at and beyond the TS, where the solar wind must have a larger latitudinal dependence. / PhD (Space Physics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This research seeks to contribute to the debate on the state infringing upon the responsibilities and rights of parents with regards to the reproductive health of their children. The qualitative method of research is used. The researcher analysed the right of the child to participate in conjunction with best interests of the child, as well as the reproductive rights of children. Furthermore, the argument is based on the provisions of the South African legislation that deals with the reproductive rights of children. This legislation includes the Children's Act 38 of 2005 and the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996. The crux of the discussion is on access to contraceptives provided to children without parental consent, as it is provided for in section 134 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005, as well as the lack of consent needed in the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996 for a girl with no specification of age. The debate is on the fact that the responsibilities and rights that parents have towards their children are not considered. They are not involved in the major decisions that the children who are under their care and guidance have to make. Due to this finding, it has been recommended that it is very imperative to allow the parents to be involved in matters that pertain to their children's reproductive rights. This means that as children are informed about their reproductive rights, the parents must be involved as well, so as to make informed decisions relevant to the issues that their children encounter. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / Last year (2005), a paper discussed the efforts of integrating Joint Advanced Missile Instrumentation (JAMI) Program components (JAMI TSPI Unit - JTU, and the Flight Termination Safe & Arm device - FTS&A), commercial off the shelf parts (Flight Termination Receivers, Telemetry Transmitter, Encryptor and Thermal Batteries) and in-house developed devices (PCM Encoder and Tri-band Antenna with integrated Limiter, Filter, & Amplifier) into a five-inch diameter Missile Telemetry (TM) Section. This retrofitted missile would be captive-carried on a F/A-18 jet. This paper is a continuation of that one presented at the 2005 International Telemetry Conference (ITC) Symposium. It annotates the latest status of the JAMI Effort, as well as the Follow-On Effort to qualify the Missile TM Section for an actual missile firing. This would include the developmental and flight qualification efforts for the Explosive Train (Detonation Cord-to-Cutter Ring Assembly) and Thermal Batteries.

ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Past presented papers [1,2] have discussed the integration efforts of incorporating Central Test & Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) sponsored Joint Advanced Missile Instrumentation (JAMI) components (namely the JAMI TSPI Unit-JTU), Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) parts (e.g. ARTM Tier I SO-QPSK Transmitter, Encryptor and Thermal Battery), and in-house developed devices (such as PCM Encoder and Dual Band Antenna) into a five-inch diameter Missile Telemetry (TM) Section. A prototype of this TM Section has been built up and integrated into an All Up Round (AUR) Missile and twice flown as a Captive Carried Test Missile (CTM) on an F/A-18 jet with great success. This TM Section has passed all flight qualification testing (including environmental and electro-magnetic interference-EMI tests). This paper will detail the current efforts to incorporate Flight Termination System (FTS) capabilities into this TM section. In addition, the effort to upgrade some Navy and Air Force Test Ranges (with JAMI Ground Stations and Decommutators/Demodulators) to track and gather data from this Missile containing the new TM section will be discussed.

ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / Past presented papers have discussed the integration efforts of incorporating Central Test & Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) sponsored Joint Advanced Missile Instrumentation (JAMI) components (namely the JAMI TSPI Unit-JTU), Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) parts (e.g. ARTM Tier I SO-QPSK Transmitter, Encryptor and Thermal Battery), and in-house developed devices (such as PCM Encoder and Dual Band Antenna) into a five-inch diameter Missile Telemetry (TM) Section. A prototype of this TM Section has been built up and integrated into an All Up Round (AUR) Missile and twice flown as a Captive Carried Test Missile (CTM) on an F/A-18 jet with great success. This TM Section is in the process of undergoing flight qualification testing (including environmental and electro-magnetic interference-EMI tests). After which it will be ready for mass production. This paper will detail these current efforts. In addition, the effort to upgrade some Navy and Air Force Test Ranges (with JAMI Ground Stations and Decommutators/Demodulators) to track and gather data from this Missile containing the new TM section will be discussed. Future plans to incorporate Flight Termination System (FTS) capabilities into the TM section will be covered as well.

ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The primary objective of the NASA Space-Based Range Demonstration and Certification program was to develop and demonstrate space-based range capabilities. The Flight Demonstration 2 flights at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center were conducted to support Range Safety (commanding and position reporting) and high-rate (5 Mbps) Range User (video and data) requirements. Required ground support infrastructure included a flight termination system computer, the ground-data distribution network to send range safety commands and receive range safety and range user telemetry data and video, and the ground processing systems at the Dryden Mission Control Center to process range safety and range user telemetry data and video.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Communications support for the X-33 requires addressing several unique challenges to meet program and range safety requirements. As an avenue to minimize costs, the program has reduced requirements to the communications system, which lowered the cost of networking the extended range. Cost trade-offs showed that by lowering the telemetry data rate from 2 Megabits per second to 1.440 Megabits per second that significant cost avoidance could be realized. Also, by adopting standard telecommunications data rate for the uplink data stream, an efficient and integrated solution for the extended range communications could be supported. Meeting the program requirements as well as range safety requirements for this effort are critical to the success of the program. This paper describes some of the important requirements driving the design of the extended range communications support and the design of the system to meet those requirements.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / This paper will investigate the areas that must be addressed to implement a truly integrated Range instrumentation system on a GPS-based Range, using a patented L-Band commanding scheme. Hardware issues will be highlighted as well the issues to be addressed in changing from an audio tone-frequency modulated command system to a digital system incorporating encryption and spread spectrum. Some thoughts addressing costs and schedule to incorporate this approach into the architecture of Joint Advanced Missile Instrumentation (JAMI) program are also presented, as well as a discussion of the benefits to be accrued over the existing system.

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