Perçus pendant longtemps comme faisant parti d'un secteur d'activité économique archaïque, les terminaux portuaires de conteneurs constituent un maillon important et méconnue de plusieurs chaînes de transport intermodal. La croissance rapide des volumes de conteneurs manutentionnés dans ces terminaux a pour conséquence d'entraîner une congestion de ceux-ci et, par le fait même, une perturbation des réseaux d'approvisionnements de plusieurs entreprises. En conséquence, l'objectif de ce mémoire peut être divisé en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, la première partie de ce mémoire vise à comprendre le fonctionnement et les problématiques liées à la gestion des terminaux portuaires de conteneurs. Pour ce faire, une revue de la littérature liée à la planification et la gestion des terminaux portuaires de conteneurs est effectuée, ainsi qu'une étude des processus de ces terminaux. Dans un second temps, ce mémoire vise à proposer des pistes de solutions afin de faciliter la transition des conteneurs dans ces terminaux. La principale piste de solution identifiée est l'application des systèmes de transport intelligents aux terminaux portuaires de conteneurs. Dans ce sens, une étude comparative de l'utilisation des systèmes de transport intelligents entre les ports de la côte est canadienne et les ports du reste du monde est présentée. Ensuite, une première version d’un simulateur des opérations d’un terminal portuaire de conteneurs est développée, afin d'être utilisée comme outil d'analyse pour mesurer l'impact d'une introduction plus importante des systèmes de transport intelligents dans les terminaux portuaires de conteneurs. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Terminaux portuaires de conteneurs, systèmes de transport intelligents, simulation, transport intermodal, transport de marchandises.

Using dendroecological and archaeological methods and data we investigated the temporal dynamics of forest regeneration and fire history following depopulation of four large Pueblo IV period (1300-1600) villages on the Jemez Plateau, New Mexico. With tree rings we reconstructed the timing of reforestation on village footprints after depopulation–a novel approach to terminus ante quem dating of site occupation. Our tree-ring based forest age structure and fire history chronologies enabled us to reduce by 51 to 70 years the range of previous estimates of village depopulation dates derived primarily from terminal ceramic assemblages. One of the four village sites we investigated was depopulated in 1696, two were depopulated between 1625 and 1700 CE, while the fourth village was depopulated earlier (pre 1500), but the area was likely in continued use for agriculture or other seasonal purposes until the mid-1600s. Our results indicate that the Jemez were highly influential ecological agents. Forest structure and fire regime dynamics changed greatly after the departure of most people from these landscapes after circa 1650 CE. The terminus ante quem methods that we demonstrate in the Jemez Mountains have strong potential to constrain and refine low temporal resolution chronologies of human occupation at archaeological sites within other forested ecosystems of the Southwest and elsewhere.

Faithful DNA replication is essential for the maintenance of genetic information. This complex process consists of 3 steps: initiation, elongation and termination. Although the first two steps are quite well understood in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, many aspects of the termination of replication remain unclear. Escherichia coli is an ideal organism to study termination of DNA replication. In E. coli, DNA replication starts by bidirectional firing of two replication forks from a unique origin and terminates when those forks collide in the terminus region of the circular chromosome. The terminus region is flanked by specific ter sequences, which ensure that termination of replication occurs within specific boundaries. Due to the circularity of the E. coli chromosome, once the replication is finished the dimers can be formed. To resolve the dimers, the dif sequences are aligned together and two chromosomes are then separated into two daughter cells. Previous members of Prof. Leach laboratory have observed a stimulation of both double-strand break repair (DSBR) and DNA over-replication in the terminus region when DSBR was induced in the lacZ locus, half way between the origin and the terminus. In this work, I propose that these two phenomena, elevated levels of DSBR and DNA over-replication, are linked to each other. I confirm that the DSBs arise from the dif site and that the dif site is the source of DNA over-replication in the terminus. My results suggest that an attempted DSBR at dif leads to over-replication between terA and terB. Here, using next generation sequencing methods, I show that TopoIV and TopoIII topoisomerases introduce breaks in chromosome dimers that were not resolved by the XerCD/dif system, leading to DSBR and DNA over-replication.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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