The United States Department of Defense tests its weapons systems to many different real as well as man-made environments prior to deploying the systems to the troops. The intent of testing is to insure the systems function as they are intended without adverse reactions. One of the required tests is a Radiation Hazards test to insure that non-ionizing radio frequency waves generated by transmitters, such as radios and jammers, do not cause harm to personnel, ordnance or fuel. This test is typically performed at a DoD test lab and data taken at the lab is used to determine safe operating parameters for a particular piece of equipment. This thesis presents measurements as well as mathematical models to demonstrate methods that can be employed to take more relevant Radiation Hazards data.

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The CISPR of IEC in European and the ANSI in American use the model of site attenuation to evaluate and quantify the quality of OATS. The ANSI also uses the concept of Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) to eliminate the effects brought about by different antennas, which may cause the inaccuracy of site attenuation. To stringently require the quality of OATS, the measured values of NSA have to be compared with the theoretical ones. If their differences are within (+/-)4 dB at all frequencies, the test environment of the OATS can be accepted. At present, the theoretical values of NSA are used as a standard for verifying the OATS in the world. However, many non-ideal factors derived from certain assumptions and simplifications of the NSA may cause the measured NSA to deviate from the theoretical values. To understand the manner and extent of the effects, in this thesis we find out the non-ideal factors by studying the NSA by numerically simulating the effects of each factor on NSA measurement by the method of moment (MoM), and the results are analyzed and discussed. We find that there is a difference of 6 dB on the NSA when the impedance of the receive antenna is mismatched. Meanwhile, we also study the relationship between the conductivity of non-perfect electrical conductor and the ideal value of NSA. We conclude that a ground plane made by metal can be regarded as a PEC one. However, the values of NSA will increase if the conductivity of ground plane is below 1000 S/m. Besides, considering the humid Taiwan climate in particular, we investigate the condition of a thin layer of water covering the ground plane after rain and the results show that the effect of the water plane will decrease the values of NSA. As for the measurement at a distance of 3 m, a deviation of 2 dB at low frequencies arises from the effect of near field for the case of horizontal polarization. Finally as for the non-conducting table in OATS, our results show that the larger values of relative permittivity and conductivity of table result in the larger change of NSA value. The difference can be 3 dB for the case with a wooden table. With results of our research, the effects of non-ideal factors on NSA measurement can be comprehended clearly. The comparison of the differences also can be used as a reference for the modification of the NSA measurement in the future.

This is a report of findings from an American Indian Rapid Cultural Assessment that was conducted in 1997. The focus of the study is a location on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) where the Kistler Aerospace Corporation proposes to build a launch site for a communications satellite. As such, this is a rapid cultural assessment of Water Bottle Canyon on which construction is expected in the near future. The purpose of this study is to summarize American Indian cultural resources, as these exist on and near to site 26NY10133 and to consider potential mitigation strategies. This report is a summary of the cultural assessments made by members of the American Indian Writers Subgroup (AIWS) which is representing in this study the cultural resource interests of the 17 tribes and 3 Indian organizations that constitute the CGTO.

A government-to-government consultation between the Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV) and the Consolidated Group of Tribes and Organizations (CGTO) focused on the interpretation and determination of eligibility for nomination to the National Register of Water Bottle Canyon. The consultation entailed a systematic ethnographic study of the cultural resources found in the Water Bottle Canyon area. The main goal of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the cultural significance of this unique area for contemporary Indian people and its role in Numic cultural landscapes. During the field visits Native American consultants were interviewed with standardized survey instruments and they provided ethnographers with observations, comments, and recommendations regarding the various features found at Water Bottle Canyon. The project involved 10 tribes and one organization. They represent the Indian people who have aboriginal and historic ties to the lands currently under use by the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The study was originally funded as rapid cultural assessment for an environmental assessment for the proposed construction of a rocket launch facility by the Kistler Aerospace Corporation. This present report builds upon first study and the studies that have followed. The four studies expanded upon previous work conducted on the NTS and will contribute to the DOE/NV’s further understanding of and continued efforts to manage and protect American Indian cultural resources.

This government-to-government consultation between the Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE /NV) and the Consolidated Group of Tribes and Organizations (CGTO) focused on the interpretation of 10 rock art sites; seven on the Nevada Test Site (NTS), and three on the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Office (YMSCO). The consultation entailed a systematic ethnographic study of petroglyphs, pictographs, and other rock art manipulations. The objective of the project was to gain an understanding of the cultural significance of rock art for contemporary American Indians and its place in their traditional cultural landscapes. Research activities involved visits to rock art sites by tribal elders and tribal cultural experts. During the field visits, Indian consultants responded to standardized interviews and provided observations, comments, and recommendations regarding each of the sites under study. The project involved 14 American Indian tribes and two Indian organizations that represent Indian people having aboriginal and historic ties to lands currently occupied by the NTS. The study was initiated as part of the overall DOE /NV American Indian Program, which includes a decade of project - specific and general consultation efforts. This study built upon previous efforts and contributed to DOE /NV's understanding of American Indian cultural resources on the NTS.

This is a report of cultural resource identifications, evaluations, and potential impact assessments made by the American Indian Rapid Cultural Assessment team (RCA) who represent the Consolidated Group of Tribes and Organizations (CGTO). The RCA team is composed of the American Indian Writers Subgroup (AIWS) who were selected by the CGTO to participate in the development of the Nevada Test Site Environmental Impact Statement (NTS EIS). The study was part of the on-going consultation program established between the Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV) and the 17 American Indian tribes and 3 Indian organizations who have traditional and historic ties to DOE/NV managed lands. This study responded to two DOE/NV American Indian consultation activities (1) the recent site-wide environmental impact statement for the NTS and (2) Presidential Executive Order #13007 regarding American Indian sacred sites protection. The study was an outgrowth of the on-going DOE/NV American Indian Consultation Program. The RCA team was asked to visit three different study locales (1) Double Tracks; (2) Clean Slates 1, 2, and 3; and (3) Central Nevada Test Area. The first study locale is on the Nellis Air Force Range (NAFR), the second place located on the TTR, and the third locale involves small sections of land surrounded by Bureau of Land Management and Forest Service lands in Hot Creek Valley. At each location the DOE/NV conducted some type of testing activity, which resulted in either radioactivity or hazardous wastes becoming part of the site. The DOE/NV Environmental Restoration Division then conducted actions that resulted in the removal or isolation of wastes from these past activities.

This report presents the results of ethnographic fieldwork conducted at Timber Mountain Caldera (TMC) on the NTS. Volcanic in origin, the caldera is a geologic feature that was formed when a large volcano collapse thousands of years ago producing the large circular crater that exists today. Since that event, the caldera has experienced other volcanic eruptions making a complex topographic landscape. The ethnographic fieldwork (conducted in 2005) that forms the foundation of this report included official tribal representatives from the Owens Valley Paiute, Western Shoshone, and Southern Paiute ethnic groups. This report presents the findings of the tribal representatives’ visits to several sites in the TMC and the cultural value associated with it. These research findings are based upon interviews conducted with tribal representatives selected by the American Indian Writers Subgroup of the culturally affiliated Consolidated Group of Tribes and Organizations (CGTO).

This is a summary of findings from an American Indian rapid cultural assessment. As such, this is not a formal report. The text in this summary of findings has been prepared to fit directly into the Intermodal Environmental Assessment (IM EA). This summary of findings was prepared by a study team of Indian people directly from their own field observations. <p> The American Indian Transportation Committee (AITC) was formed in August of 1996 during a study of American Indian issues related to the transportation of Low-level Radioactive Waste to the Nevada Test Site. The AITC contained 9 members who were selected (with the approval of their respective governments) to represent the 29 tribes involved in the study (see Austin 1998:4). The AITC helped with all aspects of that study, they being deeply involved in developing culturally appropriate research methods, helping with the interviews, and closely reviewing the findings. Their efforts were finally presented in a report entitled Native Americans Respond to the Transportation of Low Level Radioactive Waste To the Nevada Test Site (September 1998) edited by Diane Austin.

This report summarizes a compliance consultation between the Department of Energy/ Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV) and the American Indian tribes and Indian organizations that make up the Consolidated Group of Tribes and Organizations (CGTO). The consultation focused on artifacts removed from the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The report describes consultation actions and recommendations that occurred in compliance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA).