In addition all patients examined by means of using testicular angiography before the first of November 1978» have been included. 123 patients were intended for angiography, 13 of them bilaterally. The intention with the investigation was to determine whether selective angiography of the testicular artery might be a useful examination in cases of a non-palpable testis and in patients with different intrascrotal lesions. There is a description of a useful method of investigation. The normal angiographic anatomy of the testicular artery is also de­scribed, both retroperitoneally and in the scrotum. In cases with a non-palpable testis it is shown that it is easy to distinguish between agenesis and cryptorchism. The normal magnification angiography of the testis is shown and how various intrascrotal lesions alter the picture. Finally some cases with retroperitoneal lesions are presented in which the testicular artery is committed. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1979, härtill 4 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Testicular germ cell apoptosis is a process that begins in early development and continues in the adult testis. It is important during spermatogenesis for maintaining homeostasis of different types of germ cells. The number of sperm produced depends on the supportive capacity of surrounding Sertoli cells, which provide nutrition and an adaptive environment for growth and development of the germ cells. There are two major pathways that regulate germ cell apoptosis: extrinsic and intrinsic. We hypothesize that Sertoli cells use the extrinsic pathway to eliminate germ cells when exposed to phthalates, a common Sertoli cell toxicant. Death ligands, which are involved in the extrinsic pathway, were used in this research to test this hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate that: 1) the loss of FasL and TRAIL protein expression results in decreased production of mature spermatids in the adult testis, likely as a result of alterations in germ cell homeostatsis during the first wave of spermatogenesis. 2) The high baseline incidence of germ cell apoptosis in peripubertal FasL-/- and TRAIL-/- mice is correlated with increases in levels of TRAIL and FasL, respectively. 3) The decline in germ cell apoptosis observed after MEHP treatment in FasL-/- mice closely corresponds to the occurrence of increased levels of c-FLIP. 4) A more predominant role of FasL occurs in controlling the proper number of germ cells during the first wave of spermatogenesis in peri-pubertal mice. TRAIL is more critical for maintaining long-term homeostasis of the germ cell population in adult testis as well as in the reproductive function. 5) Several possible genes are involved in the altered spermatogenesis and development in the testis of gene-deficient mice. 6) Findings described in Chapter 6 indicate cellular mechanisms triggered by MEHP exposure that act to enhance tumor progression/metastasis in testicular embryonal carcinoma cells (NT2/D1). Taken together, these novel findings provide important mechanistic insights into the functional roles of FasL in the testis at distinct developmental periods and further indicate that FasL itself is required for the regulation of c-FLIP levels in the testis. Additionally, exposure to environmental toxicants, such as the phthalates, can enhance testicular cancer metastasis and invasion. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sankako_mk_me_botib.pdf: 581663 bytes, checksum: 1973b1946dee0aad3a207e88c84f5bbf (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A literatura mundial tem apontado e concluído que o cigarro (tabaco) causa danos na fertilidade masculina e feminina, sendo que cerca de 13% dos casos de infertilidade são atribuídos ao consumo do cigarro. O zinco, por sua vez, é um antioxidante e um cofator da divisão celular, exercendo um importante papel na reprodução. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a função testicular de ratos expostos à fumaça do cigarro e um possível papel protetor do zinco, por meio da realização de análises hormonal, seminal, histopatológica e molecular, bem como investigar um mecanismo pelo qual ocorrem essas alterações e proteção. Ratos machos Wistar (60 dias de idade) foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos: controle (G1; n=10), exposto à fumaça do cigarro (G2; n=10; 20 cigarros/ dia/ 9 semanas) e exposto à fumaça do cigarro e suplementado com zinco (G3; n=8; 20 cigarros/ dia/ 9 semanas; 20 mg/ kg de cloreto de zinco diariamente durante 9 semanas, por gavagem). Terminado o período de tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados e, em seguida, foram coletados materiais para as análises. O grupo exposto à fumaça do cigarro apresentou uma redução da massa corporal, comprometimento da concentração, motilidade, morfologia e vitalidade espermática e aumentos da concentração de malonaldeído, grupos tióis e atividade da superóxido dismutase, em relação ao grupo controle. O zinco foi capaz de prevenir a redução da concentração espermática e o aumento excessivo da lipoperoxidação; de induzir o aumento da concentração de testosterona plasmática, do peso úmido do testículo e da concentração de grupos tióis. Assim, a exposição à fumaça do cigarro pode exercer efeitos maléficos sobre a função testicular em decorrência, pelo menos parcialmente, do estresse oxidativo exacerbado induzido pelo cigarro. O zinco mostrou uma propriedade de desempenhar um importante... / The literature has reported and concluded that cigarette (tobacco) causes male and female infertility problems. Approximately 13% of infertility cases are attributed to cigarette smoking. Zinc, in its turn, is an antioxidant and a cofactor of cell division, playing an important role in reproduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the testicular function of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and a possible protective role of zinc, through hormonal, seminal, histopathological and molecular analysis, and to investigate a responsible mechanism for these alterations and protection. Male Wistar rats (60 days old) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (G1, n=10), exposed to cigarette smoke (G2, n=10; 20 cigarettes/ day/ 9 weeks) and exposed to tobacco smoke cigarette and supplemented with zinc (G3, n=8; 20 cigarettes/ day/ 9 weeks; 20 mg/ kg zinc chloride daily for 9 weeks, by gavage). After the treatment period, the animals were euthanized and materials were collected for analyses. The group exposed to cigarette smoke showed reduction in body mass, impaired sperm concentration, motility, morphology and vitality, besides increased malonaldehyde, thiol groups and superoxide dismutase activity when compared to control group. Zinc was able to prevent the reduction of sperm concentration and the excessive increase lipid peroxidation, induces an increase in the concentration of plasma testosterone, in the wet weight of testis and, also, in the thiol groups concentration. Thus, the cigarette smoke exposure can have harmful effects on testicular function at least partially due to oxidative stress induced by cigarette. Zinc supplementation can play an important modulator/protector role in certain parameters, which makes a promising alternative the association of zinc with conventional treatments of male infertility related to smoking

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2014. / Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2015-07-07T17:52:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JulianaLisMendesdeBrito.pdf: 1565666 bytes, checksum: 0b992a5d1c58461e8e4548f4a5ab4bac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2015-08-17T15:42:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JulianaLisMendesdeBrito.pdf: 1565666 bytes, checksum: 0b992a5d1c58461e8e4548f4a5ab4bac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-17T15:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_JulianaLisMendesdeBrito.pdf: 1565666 bytes, checksum: 0b992a5d1c58461e8e4548f4a5ab4bac (MD5) / A caracterização histomorfométrica dos testículos de morcegos de quatro diferentes espécies comumente encontradas na região de Cerrado, do Distrito Federal foi realizada durante as estações de seca e chuva, visando um maior conhecimento sobre os padrões reprodutivos sazonais destes animais. Machos das espécies Artibeus lituratus, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Sturnira lilium e Carollia perspicillata foram coletados, eutanasiados e pesados. Os testículos e epidídimos foram retirados, pesados e medidos. Foi realizado um lavado do epidídimo direito para a retirada dos espermatozoides, que foram então fixados e processados para a microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os testículos e epidídimos esquerdos foram fixados e processados para histologia, cinco lâminas foram montadas e coradas para cada animal e analisadas em microscópio de luz. Foram analisados os parâmetros de área do túbulo, área da luz do túbulo, diâmetro do túbulo, diâmetro da luz do túbulo e altura do epitélio. Foi calculado também o índice Gonadossomático (IGS) e calculada a relação entre área tubular/área intersticial. Todos os dados obtidos foram expressos pela Média ± Erro Padrão da Média, foi empregada a Analise de Variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, com um critério de significância mínimo de 5%. Todos os dados foram comparados tanto entre as espécies como entre as estações do ano. O peso corporal foi significativamente maior durante a estação de seca para as quatro espécies. O IGS foi significativamente diferente entre as estações para todas as espécies, maior na estação chuvosa para A. lituratus, P. lineatus e C. perspicillata, e na estação seca somente para S. lilium. O peso e o comprimento testicular foram maiores na estação chuvosa para A. lituratus e P. lineatus e na estação seca para S. lilium e C. perspicillata, mostrando diferenças significativas entre as estações para todas as espécies. A espécie A. lituratus apresentou todos os parâmetros tubulares maiores de forma significativa em comparação com as outras espécies, nas duas estações, com exceção das áreas do túbulo e da luz do túbulo na seca. Somente C. perspicillata apresentou diferença significativa entre as estações para todos os parâmetros tubulares, sendo maiores durante a seca. Já para a relação área tubular/área intersticial somente o C. perspicillata apresentou relação significativamente maior na estação de seca. Foi possível observar espermatozoides nos túbulos seminíferos e epidídimos de todos os animais coletados, tanto na seca quanto na chuva. Os espermatozoides da espécie A. lituratus apresentou uma cabeça em forma de seta, enquanto os das outras três espécies possuem a cabeça com formatos arredondados. Os espermatozoides de P. lineatus foram os maiores dentre os estudados. Concluindo, os espermatozoides das quatro espécies são semelhantes em formato da cabeça com a exceção da espécie A. lituratus. Existem diferenças significativas entre as quatro espécies estudadas em relação ao peso corporal, peso e comprimento testicular e parâmetros tubulares. No entanto não foi possível observar sazonalidade reprodutiva nos machos das quatro espécies estudadas nas condições de Cerrado do Distrito Federal. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The histomorphometric characterization of testicles from four species of bats commonly found in the savanna area of Distrito Federal (Brazil) was performed during the dry and wet seasons. Male bats from Artibeus lituratus, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Sturnira lilium and Carollia perspicillata species were collected, killed and weighted. Testicles and epididymides were removed, weighted and measured. The right epididymides were washed to collect spermatozoa, which were fixed and processed for scanning electron microscopy. Left testicles and epididymides were fixed and processed for histology, five sections were mounted and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed under a light microscope. The analyzed parameters were: tubular area and diameter, luminal area and diameter, and height of seminiferous epithelium. The gonadossomatic index (GSI) and the relation tubular area/interstitial tissue area were calculated. Data are presented as Mean ± SEM, and compared between seasons and species using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Body weight was significantly higher on the dry season for the four species. GSI was significantly different between seasons for all four species, being higher on the wet season for A. lituratus, P. lineatus and C. perspicillata, and on the dry season for S. lilium. Testicular weight and length were higher on the wet season for A. lituratus, P. lineatus and on the dry season for S. lilium and C. perspicillata.The tubular parameters studied were significantly greater in A. lituratus than in the other three species, on both seasons, except for tubular and luminal areas on the dry season. All analyzed parameters differed between season only for C. perspicillata, being greater on the dry season. C. perspicillata also showed a higher relation tubular area/interstitial tissue area on the dry season. Spermatozoa were visible on seminiferous tubules and epididymides of all collected animals, in both seasons. Spermatozoa from A. lituratus presented an arrow-shaped head, while the head was round-shaped on the other three species. Spermatozoa from P. lineatus were bigger than the other studied sperm cells. In conclusion, the spermatozoa from the four studied species are similar, except for the shape of the head for A. lituratus. There are significant differences among species concerning body weight, testicle weight and length and tubular parameters. However, no reproductive seasonality could be observed on males from the four studied species on the savanna area of Distrito Federal, Brazil.

Phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are known testicular toxicants, used commonly as industrial plasticizers that are found in everyday items. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most abundant phthalate in the environment, and its primary metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is ten-fold more potent. The purpose of this study is to examine the cellular and molecular effects of MEHP in the development of testicular cancer. Proliferation was measured for NT2 cells exposed to 10µM and 100µM MEHP at 24 and 48 hours and for cells under controlled conditions. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation status of the promoter region of key testicular genes post exposure to MEHP. MEHP caused a dose-dependent negative effect on proliferation and significantly altered methylation levels for key testicular genes following exposure to 10µM MEHP and 100µM, as compared to controls. This suggests that MEHP alters proliferation and methylation of testicular tumour cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor among young men. Although testicular cancer survivors (TCS) are expected to live for over 40 years after cancer diagnosis, they are at risk for chemotherapy adverse effects such as hearing loss (HL), tinnitus, and psychosocial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with discrepancies between subjective and objective HL, factors associated with HL, and factors associated with the use of medications for anxiety/depression. TCS were enrolled in the Platinum Study. Sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, morbidities, and prescription medications were assessed though self-reporting using validated questionnaires. Bilateral pure-tone air conduction thresholds were collected at frequencies 0.25-12 kHz. To assess HL severity, hearing thresholds were classified according to American Speech-Language-Hearing Association criteria. Multivariable multinomial, ordinal, and binomial logistic regressions were used to test factors for association with discrepancy between subjective and objective HL, cisplatin-induced HL, and use of medications for anxiety/depression, respectively. Patients with HL at only extended high frequencies (10-12 kHz) could perceive hearing deficits; thus, it would be preferable for these frequencies to be included in audiometric assessments of cisplatin-treated adult-onset cancer survivors. Age, no noise exposure, and mixed/conductive HL were significantly associated with more underestimation of HL severity. Hearing aid use and education were significantly associated with less underestimation of HL severity. Having tinnitus was associated with more overestimation of HL severity. Age, cumulative cisplatin dose, and hypertension showed significant association with greater HL severity, whereas post-graduate education was associated with less HL severity. Factors associated with more use of medications for anxiety/depression were tinnitus, and peripheral sensory neuropathy, while being employed and engaging in physical activity were significantly associated with less use of anxiety/depression medications. The sole use of patient-reported measures of HL might not be well-suited to evaluate HL in cancer survivors; thus, the use of audiometry may complement patient-reported HL. In terms of modifiable risk factors of cisplatin-induced HL, healthcare providers should monitor patients’ blood pressure and manage hypertension appropriately. In addition, healthcare providers need to effectively manage tinnitus and peripheral neuropathy to improve treatment outcomes of anxiety and depression. / 2022-05-19

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by rapid clinical progression and universally fatal outcome if left untreated. The neoplastic cells are immature precursor cells that usually originate in the bone marrow and are often noted in the peripheral circulation. Myeloid sarcomas are rare abnormal collection of these cells in extramedullary sites and are now defined as a unique subset of AML as per the WHO classification. Here we describe a patient with AML presenting with a renal and testicular mass, which on biopsy revealed myeloid sarcoma in the absence of blood and bone marrow involvement. A 71 year old male was hospitalized with complaints of nausea, vomiting, confusion and jaundice associated with worsening pruritus in the absence of constitutional symptoms. Medical history notable for chronic kidney disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and history of localized prostate cancer treated with TURP. Family history of thyroid cancer in his mother. Clinical exam revealed small right testicular non tender mass. Labs revealed a total bilirubin of 11.5mg/dL, creatinine of 3.09 mg/dL, Hemoglobin 13.4g/dL, WBC 9.5k/uL and Platelet count of 283K/uL. Abdominal imaging studies demonstrated a biliary stricture, a 16mm right testicular lesion and a additional right renal mass measuring 4.0 x 3.9 x 2.4 cm. He underwent a right inguinal orchiectomy, which confirmed myeloid sarcoma. Histopathologically, numerous neoplastic cells with enlarged nuclei and mitotic figures were identified with immunohistochemical staining positive for CD45, MPO, CD117, CD68, CD71 and BCL2. A biopsy of the right renal mass also demonstrated myeloid sarcoma, with similar features. He had an ERCP with stent placement for his biliary stricture with negative cytology. Bone marrow biopsy was negative for AML. His challenging clinical presentation, advanced age, medical comorbidities, hyperbilirubinemia, and impaired kidney function, precluded aggressive treatment with standard acute myeloid leukemia induction chemotherapy regimens so a trial of hypomethylating agent (Azacitidine) was successfully initiated. AML is characterized by a rapid clonal proliferation of immature hematopoietic cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. It is a heterogeneous disease with regard to acquired genetic alterations, including cytogenetic aberrancies as well as gene mutations and changes in gene expression. The signs and symptoms of AML mostly reflect predominant cytopenias or cytoses and usually a short history (1 to 8 weeks) of constitutional complaints. Myeloid sarcomas are rare extramedullary solid tumors that have resulted in infiltration of organs such as gingiva, skin, lymph nodes and other organs with immature granulocytic precursor cells. The majority of cases are reported in association with coexisting acute myeloid leukemia and infrequently can present in isolation (a harbinger for future blood and marrow involvement). Treatment of myeloid sarcomas follows the AML paradigm. The overall survival of AML is dictated by cytogenetics/ molecular markers and age. Complete remission can be achieved in a group of patients. Relapses occur in the first two years. Leukemic infiltration of the kidney or testicle with myeloid sarcoma is extremely rare and the concurrent presentation is documented in isolated case reports only.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

Yes / Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms that present in different anatomical sites and across a wide spectrum of patient ages from birth through to adulthood. Once these strata are applied, cohort numbers become modest, hindering inferences regarding management and therapeutic advances. Moreover, patients with GCTs are treated by different medical professionals including paediatric oncologists, neuro-oncologists, medical oncologists, neurosurgeons, gynaecological oncologists, surgeons, and urologists. Silos of care have thus formed, further hampering knowledge dissemination between specialists. Dedicated biobank specimen collection is therefore critical to foster continuous growth in our understanding of similarities and differences by age, gender, and site, particularly for rare cancers such as GCTs. Here, the Malignant Germ Cell International Consortium provides a framework to create a sustainable, global research infrastructure that facilitates acquisition of tissue and liquid biopsies together with matched clinical data sets that reflect the diversity of GCTs. Such an effort would create an invaluable repository of clinical and biological data which can underpin international collaborations that span professional boundaries, translate into clinical practice, and ultimately impact patient outcomes. / ALF, JFA, and MJM declare funding from St Baldrick’s Foundation; grant reference number 358099.

Tendo em vista a importância fisiológica e comportamental da relação entre ovelha e cordeiro, este trabalho teve por objetivo confirmar o perfil de alterações fisiológicas do lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) em ovelhas no terço final da gestação e se mães estressadas durante a gestação apresentam maior disponibilidade e estabilidade quanto aos cuidados maternos com seus filhos, intencionando minimizar prejuízos ao longo da vida como compensação das adversidades sofridas durante a gestação, além de analisar a influencia deste estresse na gestação sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos dos cordeiros. Foram utilizadas 39 ovelhas prenhes, mestiças da raça Santa Inês, nulíparas, com idade média de 12 meses e média de 45 kg de peso vivo (PV), dando origem aos 17 cordeiros machos que também fizeram parte do experimento. As ovelhas gestantes foram divididas em dois tratamentos, TF e TC, devido à indução ou não de LPS no final da gestação. Foram avaliadas alterações fisiológicas e a relação materna destes animais até a idade da desmama dos cordeiros, assim como análises do desenvolvimento reprodutivo destes animais até completarem um ano de idade. Os dados comportamentais foram analisados pela teoria de modelos lineares generalizados proposta por Nelder e Wenderburn (1972), as medidas fisiológicas e os parâmetros reprodutivos, após análise de variância foram comparadas pelo teste F e t de stundent ao nível de 5% de significância, utilizando-se o procedimento GLIMMIX do software SAS para todas as análises. Houve diferenças em relação ao cortisol sanguíneo e a temperatura retal (P&lt;0,05) devido à ação do LPS durante a gestação. Cordeiros desafiados pelo LPS durante a gestação apresentaram maiores dificuldades de aprendizado e memória aos 30 dias de vida durante um teste cognitivo em um labirinto (P&lt;0,05). Sendo encontrados também diferentes perfis (P&lt;0,05), entre os tratamentos, no que diz respeito aos cuidados maternos medidos segundo a interação comportamental entre ovelha e cordeiro, do momento do parto até a idade da desmama destes animais. Os índices de mamada e o início do consumo de alimentos sólidos pelos cordeiros apresentaram-se como uma boa prática de observação para se mensurar a capacidade de independência dos cordeiros. Para os dados reprodutivos houve efeito de tempo, em relação à idade da puberdade fisiológica ao início da maturidade sexual dos animais, para a maioria das variáveis analisadas (P&lt;0,05), havendo efeito também de tratamento para a qualidade espermática dos cordeiros neste mesmo período (P&lt;0,01). O LPS provoca alterações fisiológicas em ovelhas no final da gestação, influencia nos cuidados maternos e na capacidade cognitiva dos cordeiros, assim como altera a qualidade espermáticas de machos do durante a puberdade fisiológica até o início da maturidade sexual. / Considering the physiological and behavioral importance of the relationship between sheep and lamb, this study aimed to confirm the profile of LPS physiological changes in sheep in the final third of gestation, and if mothers who are stressed during pregnancy present greater availability and stability regarding care maternal with their children, intending to minimize losses during the life as compensation of the adversities suffered during the gestation, besides analyzing the influence of this stress in the gestation on the reproductive parameters of the lambs. Thirty - nine pregnant ewes of Santa Inês breed, nulliparous, with a mean age of 12 months and an average of 45 kg of live weight were used, giving birth to the 17 male lambs that were also part of the experiment. Pregnant ewes were divided into two treatments, FT and CT, due to the induction or not of LPS at the end of gestation. Physiological and physiological values were evaluated in relation to the animals up to the weaned age of the lambs, as well as the responses to the reproductive development of the animals until one year of age. The behavioral data were analyzed by the theory of generalized linear models proposed by Nelder and Wenderburn (1972), the physiological measures and the reproductive parameters, after analysis of variance were compared by the test F et de stundent at the 5% level of significance, the SAS software GLIMMIX procedure is used for all analyzes. There were differences in blood cortisol and rectal temperature (P&lt;0.05) due to the action of LPS during pregnancy. Lambs challenged by LPS during gestation presented greater learning difficulties and memory at 30 days of life during a cognitive test in a labyrinth (P&lt;0.05). Different profiles (P&lt;0.05) were also found among the treatments, in relation to the maternal care measured according to the behavioral interaction between sheep and lamb, from the moment of delivery until the weaning age of these animals. Feeding rates and the onset of solid food intake by lambs were a good observational practice in order to measure lambs\' independence. For the reproductive data, there was a time effect, in relation to the age of physiological puberty at the beginning of the sexual maturity of the animals, for most of the analyzed variables (P&lt;0.05), also having an effect on the sperm quality of the lambs in this same period (P&lt;0.01). LPS causes physiological changes in sheep at the end of gestation, influences maternal care and cognitive ability of lambs, as well as alter the sperm quality of males during physiological puberty until the onset of sexual maturity.