O teste de software é considerado uma importante atividade na garantia da qualidade de produtos de software. No entanto, há uma carência de profissionais qualificados nessa área. Isso pode ser ocasionado pela dificuldade de ensinar teste de software por meio de abordagens que utilizem apenas aulas teóricas e ferramentas de teste tradicionais. Além disso, há uma desmotivação decorrente do ambiente de trabalho e das estratégias de alocação e responsabilidade desses profissionais nas equipes de desenvolvimento e teste. Para amenizar esses problemas, têm sido utilizado outras abordagens de apoio ao ensino de teste de software, tais como: jogos educacionais, ensino de teste com programação, módulos educacionais, entre outras. O objetivo deste projeto de mestrado foi desenvolver um jogo educacional, denominado Testing Game, para auxiliar o ensino de teste de software, especificamente: teste funcional, teste estrutural e teste de mutação. Para auxiliar o desenvolvimento do Testing Game, foi realizado um mapeamento sistemático para selecionar um motor de jogos. Na primeira versão do jogo foi utilizado o motor de jogos Cocos2D e na segunda versão foi utilizado o Construct 2. Para avaliar a eficiência do Testing Game, realizou-se um estudo de viabilidade com o intuito de avaliar a qualidade com relação à motivação, experiência do usuário e aprendizagem sob o ponto de vista dos estudantes. Além disso, avaliou-se a usabilidade do Testing Game. Aproximadamente 85,64% das pessoas que participaram do estudo avaliaram a qualidade do jogo de forma positiva com relação à motivação, experiência do usuário e aprendizagem sob o ponto de vista dos estudantes. Quanto à usabilidade do jogo, foram identificados poucos problemas, o que possibilita a liberação do jogo. Por meio deste trabalho, percebeu-se que o jogo Testing Game poderia ser utilizado como um recurso complementar de apoio ao ensino de teste de software, e sua efetividade ser avaliada. / Software testing is a relevant activity to provide evidences of qualifty of software products. However, there is a lack of qualified professionals in this area. This can be caused due to difficulty in teaching software testing through approaches that use only theoretical classes traditional tools. In addition, there is a lack of motivation due to the work environment and the strategies of allocation and responsibility of these professionals in development and testing teams. To mitigate these problems, approaches have been used to support software testing education, such as: educational games, integrated teaching of software testing with programming, educational modules, among others. The objective of this masters thesis was to develop an educational game named Testing Game, addressing the following topics: functional testing, structural testing and mutation testing. To support the development of the Testing Game, we performed a systematic mapping aiming at selecting a game engine. In the first game version, we used Cocos2D and in the second one we used Construct 2. To evaluate the efficiency of the game, we conducted a feasibility study to evaluate the quality regarding motivation, user experience and learning from the point of view of the students. Moreover, we also evaluate the usability of the Testing Game. Approximately 85.64% of people who participated in the study assessed the quality of the game in a positive perspective regarding motivation, user experience and learning from the point of view of the students. Regarding the usability of the game, students identified minor problems were identified, which allows the release of the game. Through this work, we realize that the game Testing Game can be used as a complementary resource to support software testing education, and its effectiveness be evaluated.

Contexto: Embora diversas técnicas de teste de software tenham sido propostas para o contexto da programação concorrente, as informações sobre elas encontram-se de dispersas na literatura, não oferecendo uma caracterização apropriada e dados relevantes que possam auxiliar a compreensão e consequente aplicação efetiva dessas técnicas, dificultando o processo de transferência de conhecimento entre a academia e a comunidade interessada. Objetivo: Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é oferecer subsídios, na forma de um framework, que seja capaz de apoiar a caracterização e seleção sistemática de técnicas de teste de software concorrente. Metodologia: Para atender esse objetivo, foi construído um corpo de conhecimento que reúne de maneira integrada informações relevantes ao processo de tomada de decisão sobre qual técnica de teste aplicar a um determinado projeto de software. Um design de experimentos é definido, funcionando como guia para condução de estudos empíricos que podem ser usados para a realimentação, atualização e evolução do corpo de conhecimento. Buscando sistematizar o processo de seleção de técnicas de teste, é definido um esquema de caracterização que considera as principais características da programação concorrente que influenciam a atividade de teste de software e calcula a adequação desses atributos aos atributos do projeto em desenvolvimento. Resultados e Conclusões: A fim de permitir que a comunidade interaja com o framework proposto, foi disponibilizada uma infraestrutura computacional que permite o acesso ao corpo de conhecimento e automatiza o processo de seleção de técnicas de teste de software concorrente. O estudo experimental conduzido para avaliação da proposta, mostrou que a abordagem contribui de maneira efetiva para caracterizar, comparar e quantificar a adequabilidade baseada em atributos, melhorando consideravelmente o processo de seleção de técnicas de teste para software concorrente segundo as expectativas dos usuários. / Background: Although a variety of concurrent software testing techniques have been proposed for the concurrent programming context, the information about them are scattered in the literature, not offering an appropriate characterization and relevant data that can aid the understanding and consequently the effective application of these techniques, hindering the process of knowledge transfer between the academia and the interested community. Objective: In this context, the main objective of this work is to provide subsidies in form of a framework which will be able to support the characterization and systematic selection of concurrent software testing techniques. Methodology: In order to meet this objective, a body of knowledge has been built that brings together, in an integrated way, information relevant for the decision-making process about what testing technique should be applied in a specific software project. A design of experiments is defined as a guide for conducting empirical studies that can be used for feedback, updating, and evolution of the body of knowledge. With the objective of systematizing the process of testing techniques selection is defined a characterization scheme that considers the main characteristics of the concurrent programming that influence the testing activity and calculates the adequacy for these attributes in comparison with the software project in development. Results and Conclusions: In order to allow the community interaction with the proposed framework was provided a computational infrastructure that allows access to the body of knowledge and the automation of the selection process. The empirical study conducted to evaluate the proposal showed that the approach effectively contributes to characterize, compare and quantify the adequacy based on the attributes, improving the selection process of concurrent software testing techniques according to the users expectations.

Mechanical surface treatments using an elastic-plastic cold working process can develop residual stresses on the surface of a workpiece. Compressive residual stresses on the surface increase resistance against surface crack propagation, so the overall mechanical performance can be improved by this technique. Compressive residual stresses can be created by different methods such as hammering, rolling, and shot peening. Shot peening is a well-established method to induce compressive residual stresses in the metallic components using cold working, and often ascribed to being beneficial to fatigue life in the aerospace and automobile industries. In this method, the surface is bombarded by high-velocity spherical balls which cause plastic deformation of the substrate, leading to a residual compressive stress after shot peening on the surface of the part. Computational modeling is an appropriate and effective way which can predict the amount of produced residual stresses and plastic deformation to obtain surface roughness after shot peening simulation. Finally, an experimental method to measure the magnitude of the residual stress using a nanoindentation technique was developed. The experimental indentation method was compared to both computational predictions (in aluminum) and with x-ray diffraction measurements of stress (in an alloy steel). The current study validates the relation between the nanoindentation method and numerical simulation for assessing the surface residual stresses resulting from single or multiple shot peening processes.

Context. The use of data warehouses, a specialized class of information systems, by organizations all over the globe, has recently experienced dramatic increase. A Data Warehouse (DW) serves organiza-tions for various important purposes such as reporting uses, strategic decision making purposes, etc. Maintaining the quality of such systems is a difficult task as DWs are much more complex than ordi-nary operational software applications. Therefore, conventional methods of software testing cannot be applied on DW systems. Objectives. The objectives of this thesis study was to investigate the current state of the art in DW testing, to explore various DW testing tools and techniques and the challenges in DW testing and, to identify the improvement opportunities for DW testing process. Methods. This study consists of an exploratory and a confirmatory part. In the exploratory part, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) followed by Snowball Sampling Technique (SST), a case study at a Swedish government organization and interviews were conducted. For the SLR, a number of article sources were used, including Compendex, Inspec, IEEE Explore, ACM Digital Library, Springer Link, Science Direct, Scopus etc. References in selected studies and citation databases were used for performing backward and forward SST, respectively. 44 primary studies were identified as a result of the SLR and SST. For the case study, interviews with 6 practitioners were conducted. Case study was followed by conducting 9 additional interviews, with practitioners from different organizations in Sweden and from other countries. Exploratory phase was followed by confirmatory phase, where the challenges, identified during the exploratory phase, were validated by conducting 3 more interviews with industry practitioners. Results. In this study we identified various challenges that are faced by the industry practitioners as well as various tools and testing techniques that are used for testing the DW systems. 47 challenges were found and a number of testing tools and techniques were found in the study. Classification of challenges was performed and improvement suggestions were made to address these challenges in order to reduce their impact. Only 8 of the challenges were found to be common for the industry and the literature studies. Conclusions. Most of the identified challenges were related to test data creation and to the need for tools for various purposes of DW testing. The rising trend of DW systems requires a standardized testing approach and tools that can help to save time by automating the testing process. While tools for operational software testing are available commercially as well as from the open source community, there is a lack of such tools for DW testing. It was also found that a number of challenges are also related to the management activities, such as lack of communication and challenges in DW testing budget estimation etc. We also identified a need for a comprehensive framework for testing data warehouse systems and tools that can help to automate the testing tasks. Moreover, it was found that the impact of management factors on the quality of DW systems should be measured. / Shahan (+46 736 46 81 54), Ahmad (+46 727 72 72 11)

Contexto: Embora diversas técnicas de teste de software tenham sido propostas para o contexto da programação concorrente, as informações sobre elas encontram-se de dispersas na literatura, não oferecendo uma caracterização apropriada e dados relevantes que possam auxiliar a compreensão e consequente aplicação efetiva dessas técnicas, dificultando o processo de transferência de conhecimento entre a academia e a comunidade interessada. Objetivo: Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é oferecer subsídios, na forma de um framework, que seja capaz de apoiar a caracterização e seleção sistemática de técnicas de teste de software concorrente. Metodologia: Para atender esse objetivo, foi construído um corpo de conhecimento que reúne de maneira integrada informações relevantes ao processo de tomada de decisão sobre qual técnica de teste aplicar a um determinado projeto de software. Um design de experimentos é definido, funcionando como guia para condução de estudos empíricos que podem ser usados para a realimentação, atualização e evolução do corpo de conhecimento. Buscando sistematizar o processo de seleção de técnicas de teste, é definido um esquema de caracterização que considera as principais características da programação concorrente que influenciam a atividade de teste de software e calcula a adequação desses atributos aos atributos do projeto em desenvolvimento. Resultados e Conclusões: A fim de permitir que a comunidade interaja com o framework proposto, foi disponibilizada uma infraestrutura computacional que permite o acesso ao corpo de conhecimento e automatiza o processo de seleção de técnicas de teste de software concorrente. O estudo experimental conduzido para avaliação da proposta, mostrou que a abordagem contribui de maneira efetiva para caracterizar, comparar e quantificar a adequabilidade baseada em atributos, melhorando consideravelmente o processo de seleção de técnicas de teste para software concorrente segundo as expectativas dos usuários. / Background: Although a variety of concurrent software testing techniques have been proposed for the concurrent programming context, the information about them are scattered in the literature, not offering an appropriate characterization and relevant data that can aid the understanding and consequently the effective application of these techniques, hindering the process of knowledge transfer between the academia and the interested community. Objective: In this context, the main objective of this work is to provide subsidies in form of a framework which will be able to support the characterization and systematic selection of concurrent software testing techniques. Methodology: In order to meet this objective, a body of knowledge has been built that brings together, in an integrated way, information relevant for the decision-making process about what testing technique should be applied in a specific software project. A design of experiments is defined as a guide for conducting empirical studies that can be used for feedback, updating, and evolution of the body of knowledge. With the objective of systematizing the process of testing techniques selection is defined a characterization scheme that considers the main characteristics of the concurrent programming that influence the testing activity and calculates the adequacy for these attributes in comparison with the software project in development. Results and Conclusions: In order to allow the community interaction with the proposed framework was provided a computational infrastructure that allows access to the body of knowledge and the automation of the selection process. The empirical study conducted to evaluate the proposal showed that the approach effectively contributes to characterize, compare and quantify the adequacy based on the attributes, improving the selection process of concurrent software testing techniques according to the users expectations.

Целью работы является изучение повышение служебных свойств и совершенствование испытания мелющих шаров 5 группы твердости. В качестве решения проблемы предложена оптимизированная технология производства, которая характеризуется получением шаров диаметром 120 мм группы твердости 5 по ГОСТ 7524-2015 с улучшенными качественными и служебными характеристиками. / The purpose of the work is to study the increase in service properties and improve the testing of grinding balls of the 5th hardness group. As a solution to the problem, an optimized production technology is proposed, which is characterized by the production of balls with a diameter of 120 mm, hardness group 5 according to GOST 7524-2015 with improved quality and service characteristics.

North American civil infrastructures are aging. According to recent (2016) Canadian infrastructure report card, 33% of the Canadian municipal infrastructures are either in fair or below fair condition. The current deficit of replacing fair and poor municipal bridges (covers 26% of bridges) is 13 billion dollars. According to the latest report (2017) by American Society of Civil Engineers, the entire American infrastructure have been given a D+ condition rating. This includes some of the structural elements of infrastructures that pose a significant risk and there is an urgent need for frequent and effective inspection to ensure the safety of people. Visual inspection is a commonly used technique to detect and identify surface defects in bridge structures as it has been considered the most feasible method for decades. However, this currently used methodology is inadequate and unreliable as it is highly dependent on subjective human judgment. This labor-intensive approach for inspection requires huge investment in terms of an arrangement of temporary scaffoldings/permanent platforms, ladders, snooper trucks, and sometimes helicopters. To address these issues associated with visual inspection, the completed research suggests three innovative methods; 1) Combined use of Fuzzy logic and Image Processing Algorithm to quantify surface defects, 2) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) guideline-based damage assessment technique, and 3) Patent-pending multi-device robotics-based sensor data acquisition system for mapping and assessing defects in civil structures. To detect and quantify subsurface defects such as voids and delamination using a UAV system, another patent-pending UAV-based acoustic method is developed. It is a novel inspection apparatus that comprises of an acoustic signal generator coupled to a UAV. The acoustic signal generator includes a hammer to produce an acoustic signal in a structure using a UAV. An outcome of this innovative research is the development of a model to refine multiple commercially available NDT techniques’ data to detect and quantify subsurface defects. To achieve this, a total of nine 1800 mm × 460 mm reinforced concrete slabs with varying thicknesses of 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm are prepared. These slabs are designed to have artificially simulated defects like voids, debonding, honeycombing, and corrosion. To determine the performance of five NDT techniques, more than 300 data points are considered for each test. The experimental research shows that utilizing multiple techniques on a single structure to evaluate the defects, significantly lowers error and increases accuracy compared to that from a standalone test. To visualize the NDT data, two-dimensional NDT data maps are developed. This work presents an innovative method to interpret NDT data correctly as it compares the individual data points of slabs with no defects to slabs with simulated damage. For the refinement of NDT data, significance factor and logical sequential determination factor are proposed. / Graduate / 2020-09-06

Verification and validation is one of the most important concerns in the area of software engineering towards more reliable software development. Hence it is important to overcome the challenges of testing concurrent programs. The extensive use of concurrent systems warrants more attention to the concurrent software testing. For testing concurrent software, automatic tools development is getting increased focus. The first part of this study presents a systematic review that aims to explore the state-of-the-art of concurrent software testing. The systematic review reports several issues like concurrent software characteristics, bugs, testing techniques and tools, test case generation techniques and tools, and benchmarks developed for the tools. The second part presents the evaluation of four commercial and open source static analysis tools detecting Java multithreaded bugs. An empirical evaluation of the tools would help the industry as well as the academia to learn more about the effectiveness of the static analysis tools for concurrency bugs.

Context: The thesis is the analysis work of the replication of software experiment conducted by Natalia and Sira at Technical University of Madrid, SPAIN. The empirical study was conducted for the verification and validation of experimental data, and to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the testing techniques. The analysis blocks, considered for the analysis were observable fault, failure visibility and observed faults. The statistical data analysis involved the ANOVA and Classification package of SPSS. Objective: To evaluate and compare the result obtained from the statistical data analysis. To establish the verification and validation of effectiveness and efficiency of testing techniques by using ANOVA and Classification tree analysis for percentage subject, percentage defect-subject and values (Yes / No) for each of the blocks. RQ1: Empirical evaluation of effectiveness of fault detection testing technique, using data analysis (ANOVA and Classification tree package). For the blocks (observable fault, failure visibility and observed faults) using ANOVA and Classification tree. RQ2: Empirical evaluation of efficiency of fault detection technique, based on time and number of test cases using ANOVA. RQ3: Comparison and inference of the obtained results for both effectiveness and efficiency. Method:The research will be focused on the statistical data analysis to empirically evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the fault detection technique for the experimental data collected at UPM (Technical university of Madrid, SPAIN). Empirical Strategy Used: Software Experiment. Results: Based on the planned research work. The analysis result obtained for the observable fault types were standardized (Ch5). Within the observable fault block, both the techniques, functional and structural were equally effective. In the failure visibility block, the results were partially standardized. The program types nametbl and ntree were equally effective in fault detection than cmdline. The result for observed fault block was partially standardized and diverse. The list for significant factors in this blocks were program types, fault types and techniques. In the efficiency block, the subject took less time in isolating the fault in the program type cmdline. Also the efficiency in fault detection was seen in cmdline with the help of generated test cases. Conclusion:This research will help the practitioners in the industry and academic in understanding the factors influencing the effectiveness and efficiency of testing techniques.This work also presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of results of the blocks observable fault, failure visibility and observed faults. We discuss the factors influencing the efficiency of the fault detection techniques. / shailendra.natraj@gmail.com +4917671952062

The title of graduation work is development of techniques of software testing. The objective of research is studying of the testing process, defect types in the software and their tracking, methods of creating and applying test cases, and development of auto-test project for the web service “Expert”. An additional objective is to conduct stress testing for the web service "Expert". The first part is devoted to the theoretical foundations of testing: a place of testing in software development, testing process in it-companies, review of defects and their tracking, and techniques of creating tests and their applying. The second part is devoted to the review of software for load testing and it’s practical usage for testing the web service “Expert”. The last part is devoted to the study of automation functional testing and development of the auto test project for the web service “Expert”. The graduation work consists of an introduction, 12 chapters and conclusion on 106 pages, including 55 figures and the list of 15 references. / Тема выпускной квалификационное работы: разработка методики тестирования программного обеспечения. Цель работы: изучение процесса тестирования, видов дефектов в ПО и их отслеживание, способов создания и применения тест кейсов, и, на основе полученных знаний, разработка проекта авто-тестов для веб-сервиса "Эксперт". Дополнительной целью является проведение нагрузочного тестирования для веб-сервиса "Эксперт". Первая часть работы посвящена теоретическим основам тестирования: место тестирования в разработке ПО, процесс тестирования в IT-компаниях, обзор дефектов, способов их отслеживания, а также техник создания тестов и их применение. Вторая часть посвящена обзору ПО для нагрузочного тестирования и его практическое использование для тестирования веб-сервиса «Эксперт». Третья часть посвящена изучению процесса автоматизации функционального тестирования и разработке авто-тестов для веб-сервиса «Эксперт». Выпускная работа состоит из введения, 12 глав и заключения, изложенных на 106 страницах, а также списка литературы и приложений. В работе имеется 55 рисунков. Список литературы содержит 15 наименований.