This study examines how propaganda imagery was used to reveal metaphors of health and disease in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Specifically, it explores how German medical and political authorities of this period entrenched biological explanations for social ills through medico-political discourses of disease, criminality and deviancy, in their efforts to exterminate particular populations. This propaganda was conversed with the idealised and beautified German Volk who, in turn, were graphically elevated to the realms of a supreme master race. I use a methodology composed of compositional and discourse analysis, and a theoretical framework that develops the work of Erving Goffman. These frameworks were applied to a range of images from a sample of propagandist movies, published within the time-frame, in order to illuminate how the German medical establishment sought to realise the juxtaposition of both promoting life and administering death. Findings suggest that the biological categorising and subjective measuring of individuals was a modernistic philosophy. Extensive use of metaphors resulted in a widening range of stigmas which needed medical intervention to maintain normality and social order whilst purifying and cleansing the body politic. The study advances the understanding of the relationship between the discourses of health and disease with an in-depth sociopolitical study of imagery, asking why it was used to legitimate and nationalise social inequality in the context of Nazi Germany. It further offers a new socio-filmic model for future use when analysing moving imagery in the sociohistorical field. These two advances therefore provide novel contributions to the sociology of public health and social methods.

Submitted by ALINE RAMOS BARBOSA null (alinerbarbosa@gmail.com) on 2017-09-18T14:36:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Aline R. Barbosa - arquivamento.pdf: 1801294 bytes, checksum: e24a246a4accfed6195d6eaf7cbff8af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-19T19:50:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_ar_dr_mar.pdf: 1801294 bytes, checksum: e24a246a4accfed6195d6eaf7cbff8af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T19:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_ar_dr_mar.pdf: 1801294 bytes, checksum: e24a246a4accfed6195d6eaf7cbff8af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Cette thèse analyse l’accueil intersectoriel (Santé et Assistance Sociale) destiné à la population sans domicile fixe (SDF) d’une commune moyenne de l’intérieur de l’État de São Paulo. Pour ce faire, on a réalisé une recherche sur le terrain dans l’équipement public nommé Casa Transitória « Adélia Portella Volpe » (Maison Transitoire « Adélia Portella Volpe ») et dans le réseau d’accueil intersectoriel de la population sans domicile fixe, dans la ville de Jaboticabal – SP. À partir des conceptions de biopolitique, de thanatopolitique et de vie nue, cette thèse analyse la gestion actuelle de cette population. Pour ce faire, on répertorie les données de la recherche sur le terrain, de l’analyse documentaire et du contexte de la guerre aux drogues, mis en évidence par le Programa Crack – é preciso vencer (Programme Crack – il faut vaincre), qui articule les domaines de la Santé, de l’Assistance Sociale et de la Sécurité Publique dans le plan national. Ainsi, l’argumentation de la thèse se structure selon deux perspectives d’analyse : a. une première plus « positive » des politiques publiques, qui les prend au sérieux et décrit leurs caractéristiques, leurs impasses et leurs limitations, c’est-à-dire, une analyse de ce que j’ai nommé « politiques de gouvernement » ; b. une seconde analyse, plus pessimiste, qui fait la critique des limites de l’État dans sa relation avec la population. Alors, on présente l’analyse du dispositif de gestion en marge de l’État et, ainsi, on travaille avec l’idée de « politiques d’État». Ces deux perspectives, quoique distinctes, font partie d’une même analyse. Et, dans n’importe laquelle de ces perspectives, les politiques publiques destinées à la population sans domicile fixe n’atteignent pas les buts qu’elles se proposent, à l’exception de celui du contrôle de cette population, ce qui renforce le dispositif et ne l’émancipe aucunement. / Esta tese analisa o acolhimento intersetorial (Saúde e Assistência Social) para a população em situação de rua de um município de médio porte do interior paulista. Para tal intento, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo no equipamento público denominado Casa Transitória “Adélia Portella Volpe” e na rede de acolhimento intersetorial da população em situação de rua, em Jaboticabal-SP. A partir das concepções de biopolítica, tanatopolítica e vida nua, esta tese analisa a gestão atual da população de rua. Para isso, são elencados os dados da pesquisa de campo, a análise documental e o contexto de guerra às drogas, evidenciado pelo Programa Crack – é preciso vencer, que articula Saúde, Assistência Social e Segurança Pública no plano nacional. Desta forma, a argumentação da tese se estrutura em duas perspectivas de análise: a. uma primeira mais “positiva” das políticas públicas, que as leva a sério e descreve suas características, impasses e limitações. Ou seja, uma análise do que denominei “políticas de governo”; b. uma segunda análise, mais pessimista, que faz a crítica do próprio limite do Estado em sua relação com a população. Então, apresenta a análise do dispositivo de gestão nas margens do Estado. E, desta forma, trabalha com a ideia de “políticas de Estado”. Ambas perspectivas, embora distintas, fazem parte de uma mesma análise. E, em qualquer uma das duas perspectivas, as políticas públicas destinadas para população em situação de rua não dão conta do que se propõem. A não ser o controle desta população, que reforça o dispositivo e em nada emancipa. / This thesis analyses the intersectorial host institution (health and social assistance) for homeless population in a small town located near São Paulo. For this purpose, a field research was carried out on the public equipment called Casa Transitória (Halfway House) “AdéliaPortela Volpe” and on the intersectorial network of homeless people, in Jaboticabal-SP. From the conceptions of biopolitics, thanatopolitics and bare life, this thesis analyses the current management about homeless population. In this regard, it listed the field research data, documentary analysis and the war on drugs context, indicated by the Programa Crack – é preciso vencer (Crack Program – It needs overcome), that articulates Health, Social Assistance and Public Security at national level. Thus, the argument of the thesis has two perspectives: a. the first one is more “positive” about public policy, which understand seriously and describe its characteristics, problems and restrictions. In other words, an analysis I named “government policies”; b. the second, a more pessimist analysis, criticizes the limits of State in its relationship with the population. So, it presents an analysis of management device in the margins of the State. Both perspectives, although different, are part of the same investigation. And, both perspectives the public polices intended to homeless population does not get effective results. Except for the control of this population, which reinforce the device and does not emancipate anybody.

The twenty-first century has seen a resurgence of academic interest in biopolitics: the often oppressive political power over human biology, human bodies and their actions that emerges when political technologies concern themselves with and act upon a population as a species rather than as a group of individuals. The publication of new works by theorists including Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Roberto Esposito, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri has furthered academic understanding of biopolitical attempts to ensure an orderly, productive society. Biopolitics bases these attempts upon optimising the majority population’s health and well-being while constructing simultaneously a subrace of unruly, unproductive bodies against which the majority requires securitising. However, despite the still-proliferating and increasingly diverse recent theoretical work on the subject, little material has appeared examining how literature represents biopolitics or how theories of biopolitics may inform literary criticism. This thesis argues for Salman Rushdie’s novels as an exemplary site of fictional engagement with biopower in their portrayal of the increasingly intense and pervasive biopolitical technologies used in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Rushdie has been considered frequently as a novelist who explores political discourses of race and culture. However, analysis of the ways in which he depicts these discourses animating recent biopolitical practices has proven scarcer in Rushdie Studies. This thesis asserts that Rushdie’s novels affirm consistently the desirability of non-racialising polities, but almost always suggest little possibility of constructing such communities. In the process, it will reveal that he represents more numerous and varied forms of racialisation than has been supposed previously. This study considers how Rushdie describes biopolitical racialisation by state and superrace alike, the massacres of subraces that often ensue, how biopower operates and is resisted in space, and the discursive and practical forms this resistance takes. Contrasting Rushdie’s early fiction with his less-studied more recent works, this analysis deploys, critiques and augments canonical theories of biopower in order to chart his generally growing disinclination to depict this resistance’s potential success. This study thus works towards a new biopolitical literary criticism which argues that although the theories of Foucault and others illuminate the ways in which literature represents power and resistance in contemporary politics, narrative fiction indicates simultaneously the limitations of these theories and the practices of resistance they advocate.