Pratique musicale issue du contexte esclavagiste des îles Seychelles à partir de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, le moutya est à la fois un chant, une musique tambourinée et une danse. Cette pratique, presque absente sur le terrain, est nommée moutya otantik par les Seychellois. Les entretiens menés avec des travailleurs culturels et des musiciens ont permis de comprendre le concept de moutya otantik, né en parallèle avec celui de l’identité culturelle « créole seychelloise », s’avère une construction politique à la base de la Nation, suite au coup d’État qui a mené à la Révolution seychelloise, en 1977. Cette thèse examine d’abord une représentation d’un moutya otantik présentée par des travailleurs du ministère de la Culture. Elle s’oriente ensuite vers des pratiques qui se sont adaptées et renouvelées, principalement sur scène, lors d’événements officiels ou dans le milieu touristique, ou encore au sein de l’industrie musicale locale. Cette démarche permet d’aborder les processus de créolisation des musiques dites créoles, avec lesquelles le moutya partage des affinités évidentes, et de mettre ainsi le moutya en relation avec d’autres phénomènes culturels locaux et régionaux.Les nouveaux espaces de production et de diffusion sont ici observés par le biais d’études de cas basées sur des expériences individuelles et collectives, ainsi que sur des parcours d’artistes. Des analyses du matériau sonore et des performances musicales visent enfin l’élaboration d’une caractérisation du moutya et démontrent que ce dernier s’exprime aujourd’hui sous diverses formes, dans une interrelation dynamique avec différentes musiques. Dans cette optique, il doit nécessairement être abordé selon une conception élargie et complexe. / Moutya is a musical practice born out of slavery in the Seychelles islands (Indian Ocean) from the end of the 18th century. It is made of singing, drumming and dancing. During our fieldwork, this practice, known as moutya otantik (authentic moutya) by the Seychellois, was hard to find, not to say absent. Interviews with cultural workers and musicians contributed to our understanding of the concept of moutya otantik born in parallel with the “creole Seychellois” cultural identity, as a political construction that served national purposes following the coup that led to the Seychelles Revolution in 1977. This dissertation first examines the representation of a moutya otantik as organized and presented by workers of the Ministry of Culture. It then looks at how moutya has been adapted and renewed when staged and recorded mainly during official events, at touristic venues or within the local music industry. This approach makes it possible to talk about the historical and dynamic processes of creolization that are inherent to creole music, with which moutya shares obvious affinities, and also to connect moutya with other local, regional and, more generally, Creole cultural phenomena. New production and presentation spaces are observed through case studies based on musicians’ individual and collective experiences. Analyses of sound material and musical performances attempt to better define moutya and show that it is now expressed in a diversity of forms and in a dynamic interrelation with different music. In this context, it must necessarily be approached in a broad and complex way.

Bien que le français soit l’une des trois langues nationales des Seychelles, elle demeure la moins maitrisée et la moins pratiquée par la population. Dans les écoles secondaires, en particulier, les pratiques d’enseignement du français ne sont pas toujours cohérentes par rapport aux prescriptions ministérielles. En effet, nous avons constaté que malgré que la lecture des textes littéraires soit inscrite au programme de français, elle n’est pas enseignée dans les écoles. Pourtant, celle-ci pourrait contribuer à l’apprentissage du français des jeunes Seychellois. Dans ce mémoire de maitrise, nous explorons les rôles de la littérature de jeunesse dans les classes de français langue étrangère (FLE). Considérant le niveau des élèves en français et de l’absence de ce genre littéraire au programme dans les écoles secondaires, nous avons décidé de travailler à partir d’un album de jeunesse dans le but de développer la compréhension en lecture et la compétence lexicale chez les élèves de la première année du secondaire aux Seychelles. Loin d’être un simple livre avec des dessins, l’album est de plus en plus utilisé avec des enfants plus âgés (Giasson, 2014). C’est donc pour cette raison que nous pensons que ce genre littéraire pourrait susciter l’intérêt des élèves pour la lecture en français. Nous avons choisi l’approche de l’enseignement explicite pour élaborer une séquence d’enseignement, car il s’agit d’une méthode efficace qui met la compréhension des élèves au premier plan (Gauthier, Bissonnette et Richard, 2013). À travers la séquence, nous proposons aux enseignants différents types d’activités pour articuler l’enseignement de la compréhension en lecture à l’enseignement du lexique. / Although French is one of the three national languages of the Seychelles, it remains the least mastered and the least practised by the population. In secondary schools, in particular, the teaching practices are not always consistent to the ministerial requirements. In fact, we have noticed that even though the reading of literary texts is included in the French program, it is not taught in schools. Yet, it could contribute to the learning of French by Seychellois students. In this master’s thesis, we explore the roles of children’s literature in the teaching of French as a foreign language. Considering the level of students’ competency in French and the absence of the literary corpus in the secondary schools’ program, we have decided to work from an album (picture book) with the aim of developing reading comprehension and lexical competence of first year secondary school students of the Seychelles. Far from being a simple book with pictures, the album is more and more used with older children (Giasson, 2014). It is thus for that reason that we think that this literary genre could arouse the reading interest of students. We have chosen the explicit teaching approach to develop a teaching sequence as it is an effective teaching method that prioritises students’ comprehension (Gauthier, Bissonnette & Richard, 2013). Through this teaching sequence, we present to teachers different types of activities to articulate the teaching of reading comprehension to the teaching of lexicon. / Menm si Franse i enn parmi sa trwa lalang nasyonal ki annan Sesel, i reste lalang ki ganny mwen metrize e mwen pratike par lapopilasyon. Dan bann lekol segonder, an partikilye, lansennyman ek laprantisaz Franse pa toultan reflekte sa ki ganny preskrir par Minister Ledikasyon Sesel. Nou’n remarke ki menm si lektir literer i form parti progranm Franse, i pa ganny ansennyen dan lekol. Pourtan, i kapab fasilit laprantisaz Franse par nou bann zenn seselwa. Dan sa memwar, nou eksplor bann rol ki literatir zenes i kapab zwe dan laklas Franse. Vi ki nou bann zelev, an arivan dan lekol segonder, zot pa touzour annan en tre o nivo an Franse e vi ki dan lekol primer, zot pa’n aprann literatir, nou’n prefere swazir en albonm ki’n ganny fer spesyalman pour bann zenn pour nou devlop sa de konpetans swivan dan nou bann zelev premye lannen segonder : konpreansyon dan lektir ek konpetans leksikal. Sa zanr literer i plis ki en liv avek zimaz e i pe ganny servi bokou plis avek bann zelev pli aze (Giasson, 2014) e nou’n panse ki i ava kapab motiv nou bann zelev pour lir an Franse. Nou’n swazir en metod apele « lansennyman eksplisit » ki favoriz konpreansyon bann zelev avan tou (Gauthier, Bissonnette ek Richard, 2013) pour nou konstrir en sekans didaktik. Atraver sa sekans, nou ofer nou bann ansenyan diferan kalite aktivite ki kapab devlop konpetans dan lektir ek konpetans leksikal dan nou bann zelev.

Thesis (DTech. degree in Nature Conservation.)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2010. / Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) have been reduced by more than 80% worldwide in the last century and are considered critically endangered. Although nesting populations have been subject to numerous studies, there is a considerable lack of knowledge pertaining to the in-water behaviour and ecological functions of wild foraging hawksbill populations. This is especially true for the Western Indian Ocean as important topics such as habitat use and dietary items have scarcely been explored. Between 2006 and present, more than 178 hours of in-water observations of foraging hawksbill activity was recorded on a small insular reef at D'Arros Island, Seychelles. Most of the 827 sightings were of known, resident turtles (> 90%), facilitating analyses on both a population and individual level. Habitat types were identified and described, turtle densities estimated, population dynamics established, home ranges calculated, food items identified, food intake quantified, feeding behavior described, food resources quantified, diet selectivity indices calculated, intra/interspecific competition quantified and activity and dive patterns were described.

In studying organisational change in Air Seychelles, the context, content and process of change together with the interconnections of the airline and the tourism industry in Seychelles through time is explored. The literature review shows that the substantive issues of interest to this study, contextualism as a theory of methods in management research, requires a case based research in particular with regards to the following gaps in the literature: the integration of inner and outer perspectives on sustaining competitive advantage, and conceptual insights on how strategy links firms and their environment. The study adopted a contextual and processual framework to build a theoretical perspective of competitive advantage. The study contributes to the field of strategic management and tourism development in Seychelles in the following ways: firstly, the development of a contextual and processual framework to explain the transformation of firms over time; secondly, the development of an understanding of the historical context of the tourism industry and its interactions with other sectors of the Seychelles economy; thirdly, developing an understanding of how Air Seychelles developed its resources and capabilities to sustain competitive advantage; fourthly, linking change processes and action to performance and in a sense developing an understanding on strategy implementation of strategic management practice in Air Seychelles. The study sheds some light on strategy formation and implementation at the firm level, and the dynamics between the firm and the industry. The findings suggest that firms respond opportunistically to external discontinuities in a dynamic environment - the entrepreneurial leadership of a firm prepares and support managers to operate under conditions of great uncertainty and ambiguity and allows them to behave opportunistically. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / DBL / Thesis (D. B. L.)

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasive species are among the most important global conservation threats. Their management is one of the key conservation challenges that will have to be addressed in the next few decades. The study of real invasions and their management in natural ecosystems provides an opportunity to gain important information on theoretical and applied aspects of biological invasions. This project focuses on the broader ecological context of invasive ant management in an ecologically sensitive island habitat. The thesis has three main components: 1) assessing the role of the invasive ant Pheidole megacephala in the ecosystem and evaluating its threat to the system, 2) evaluating a low-impact management program for the ant, and 3) using a community-level approach to assess ecosystem response to ant removal. The ant occupied almost 30% of the island‘s total land area and reached extremely high densities in some areas. The ant was associated with exotic hemipteran scale insects through trophobiotic mutualisms that facilitated high ant and hemipteran abundances. The highly destructive scale insect Pulvinaria urbicola was among the hemipterans that benefited from ant attendance. High levels of hemipteran feeding resulted in dieback of functionally important and threatened native Pisonia trees, which represented a significant threat to the forest ecosystem. A management program was initiated in response to this threat, consisting of baiting with selective hydramethylnon-based bait delivered in bait stations, accompanied by detailed pre-and post-baiting monitoring. The method was highly effective at suppressing the ants, whilst preventing bait uptake by non-target organisms. It was also cost-effective and adaptable to ant density in the field, but was only effective over short distances. The method may be applicable to other sensitive environments with similar challenges. After ant control, the ant-scale mutualism was decoupled and the Pu. urbicola population collapsed. There were variable responses in different taxa to the removal of these highly abundant exotic species, the most important of which was the recovery in Pisonia trees. Shoot condition and foliage density improved and there was a decrease in sooty mold. Herbivory on Pisonia increased due to recovery of native canopy herbivores, but the overall impact was far less than that of the exotic hemipterans. Soil surface arthropods, a group that may have been vulnerable to the treatment method, were unaffected by baiting. Instead, they increased significantly after ant removal, confirming the ant‘s impact on other arthropods. Other ant diversity and non-ant arthropod abundance increased post-baiting, including the endemic ant Pheidole flavens farquharensis and some functionally important insects such as the Indian cockroach. Natural enemies that interacted predictably with the mutualists were influenced by management. Predators of hemipterans increased significantly after ant removal and were instrumental in the scale population collapse, whereas parasitoids of hemipterans that benefited from the mutualism declined. Additionally, groups that were unrelated to the mutualism were indirectly influenced by management. The natural enemy assemblage as a whole showed recovery to pre-invasion conditions. The study shows how widely interconnected and influential the ant was in the ecosystem. It highlights the threat of the species in natural systems as well as the complex responses following invasive ant removal. Yet, it also demonstrates the potential to safely and effectively manage the species, thereby raising the opportunity for ecosystem recovery. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringerspesies is van die belangrikste globale bedreigings vir natuurbewaring. Hulle bestuur is van die grootste bewaringsuitdagings wat in die volgende paar dekades aangespreek moet word. Die studie van werklike invalle en hul bestuur in natuurlike ekosisteme bied 'n geleentheid om belangrike inligting te verkry oor teoretiese en toegepaste aspekte van biologiese indringing. Hierdie projek fokus op die breër ekologiese konteks van uitheemse mier bestuur in 'n ekologies sensitiewe eiland habitat. Die tesis het drie hoofkomponente: 1) die beoordeling van die rol van die indringer mier Pheidole megacephala in die ekosisteem en evaluering van sy bedreiging vir die sisteem, 2) die evaluering van 'n lae-impak bestuursprogram vir die mier, en 3) die gebruik van 'n gemeenskaps-vlak benadering om ekosisteem reaksie op mierverwydering te assesseer. Die mier het byna 30% van die totale landoppervlak van die eiland beslaan en het in party areas baie hoë digthede bereik. Die mier was geassosieer met uitheemse dopluis spesies in mutualismes wat hoë mier en dopluis getalle gefasiliteer het. Die hoogs beskadigende dopluis Pulvinaria urbicola was een van die spesies wat bevoordeel is deur die mutualisme. Hoë vlakke van dopluis voeding het die terugsterwe van funksioneel belangrike, bedreidge inheemse Pisonia bome veroorsaak, wat ʼn groot bedreiging vir die ekosisteem verteenwoordig het. ‗n Bestuursprogram is geïmplimenteer as gevolg van hierdie bedreiging, wat bestaan het uit selektiewe hidrametielnoon-gebaseerde lokaas wat in die veld geplaas is in lokaashouers, vergesel deur intensiewe monitering voor en na lokaasplasing. Die metode was hoogs effektief in die onderdrukking van die miere en het lokaasinname deur nie-teiken organismes verhoed. Dit was ook koste-effektief en aanpasbaar volgens mierdigtheid in die veld, maar was slegs effektief oor kort afstande. Die metode mag van toepassing wees in ander sensitiewe omgewings met soortgelyke uitdagings. Na mierbeheer is die mier-dopluis mutualisme ontkoppel en die Pu. urbicola bevolking het drasties verminder. Daar was verskillende reaksies in verskillende taxa tot die verwydering van die oorvloedryke eksotiese spesies, maar die belangrikste reaksie was die herstel van Pisonia bome. Spruittoestand en blaardigtheid het verbeter en daar was ʼn afname in roetskimmel. Herbivorie op Pisonia het toegeneem as gevolg van ʼn herstel in inheemse herbivore, maar die algehele impak was veel minder as dié van die eksotiese dopluis. Grondoppervlak gelidpotiges, 'n groep wat kwesbaar kon wees vir die behandelingsmetode, was onaangeraak deur die lokaas, maar het beduidend na mierverwydering vermeerder. Mierdiversiteit het vermeerder en die Seychelles endemiese mier Pheidole flavens farquharensis is hervestig. Ander gelidpotiges het ook vermeerder, insluitend funksioneel belangrike spesies soos die Indiese kakkerlak. Natuurlike vyande wat geassosieer was met die mutualiste is beïnvloed deur die mierbestuur. Predatore van dopluis het beduidend toegeneem na mierverwydering en was hoogs betrokke by die vermindering van dopluis, terwyl parasiete van dopluis, wat voordeel getrek het uit die mutualisme, gedaal het. Daarbenewens is groepe wat onverwant was aan die mutualisme indirek beïnvloed deur mierbestuur. Die algehele natuurlike vyand gemeenskap het herstel na pre-indringing toestand. Die studie toon hoe wydverbind en invloedryk die mier was in die ekosisteem. Dit beklemtoon die bedreiging van die spesies in natuurlike stelsels asook die komplekse reaksies wat uitheemse mierverwydering volg. Tog demonstreer dit die potensiaal om die spesies veilig en doeltreffend te bestuur, en sodoende die geleentheid vir ekosisteemherstel te skep.

In studying organisational change in Air Seychelles, the context, content and process of change together with the interconnections of the airline and the tourism industry in Seychelles through time is explored. The literature review shows that the substantive issues of interest to this study, contextualism as a theory of methods in management research, requires a case based research in particular with regards to the following gaps in the literature: the integration of inner and outer perspectives on sustaining competitive advantage, and conceptual insights on how strategy links firms and their environment. The study adopted a contextual and processual framework to build a theoretical perspective of competitive advantage. The study contributes to the field of strategic management and tourism development in Seychelles in the following ways: firstly, the development of a contextual and processual framework to explain the transformation of firms over time; secondly, the development of an understanding of the historical context of the tourism industry and its interactions with other sectors of the Seychelles economy; thirdly, developing an understanding of how Air Seychelles developed its resources and capabilities to sustain competitive advantage; fourthly, linking change processes and action to performance and in a sense developing an understanding on strategy implementation of strategic management practice in Air Seychelles. The study sheds some light on strategy formation and implementation at the firm level, and the dynamics between the firm and the industry. The findings suggest that firms respond opportunistically to external discontinuities in a dynamic environment - the entrepreneurial leadership of a firm prepares and support managers to operate under conditions of great uncertainty and ambiguity and allows them to behave opportunistically. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / DBL / Thesis (D. B. L.)

Various studies on compliance with anti-hypertensive medications and appropriate lifestyle modifications have been conducted worldwide but studies specific to the Island of Praslin are lacking. The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive-correlational study was to describe factors that affected compliance with hypertension medications and lifestyle modification strategies in a sample of 102 hypertensive persons. The comprehensive version of the Health Belief Model served as the conceptual framework directing the study. The researcher investigated whether there were any significant relationships between compliance and the Health Belief Model variables. Data was collected by means of structured interviews and document analysis, involving an interview schedule and a checklist. All respondents were diagnosed hypertension patients registered at either of the two public health centres on the Island of Praslin. Individual perception of the benefits and risks of hypertension treatment as well as cues to action were found to be significant determinants of compliance behaviour. The study highlighted the need for improved health education and follow-up measures to strengthen patients’ perceptions about the benefits of treatment and compliance. / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)

The endemic landbirds of the Seychelles granitic islands have suffered considerable losses due to predation by introduced rats and cats and extensive habitat destruction. With less than 100 individuals, the Critically Endangered Magpie Robin Copsychus sechellarum Newton, faces the greatest risk of extinction. Translocations to three predator-free islands, Aride, Cousin and Cousine, have provided valuable opportunities for gaining insights into the ecology of the species. Of particular interest are links between the Magpie Robin, endemic skinks Mabvya spp., ground-living invertebrates and seabird colonies. Magpie Robin faecal pellet and skink gut content analysis demonstrated a high degree of dietary overlap between the species. A widespread exotic cockroach Pycnoscelus indicus was the favourite prey item for each species. However, behavioural observations and a dietary choice experiment indicated that there is no significant competition for food during the main seabird breeding season. Invertebrate sampling on Cousine identified 52 species which were available in all habitat types currently in use or those considered suitable for the Magpie Robin. Seabird and skink density counts on Cousine demonstrated the considerable magnitude of vertebrate organic food also available. Invertebrate sampling results on Cousin and Cousine were used to determine territory quality and the carrying capacity of each island for the Magpie Robin. While most seabirds are not breeding, skink survival depends on invertebrate abundance. M. wrightii weight declined throughout this period but that of M. sechellensis remained fairly stable. The data were insufficient to conclude that inter-specific competition for food exists between M. sechellensis and the Magpie Robin during this period. Further expansion of the Magpie Robin population depends on eradicating mammalian predators from other islands and maximising the potential carrying capacities of those already supporting the species. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

Various studies on compliance with anti-hypertensive medications and appropriate lifestyle modifications have been conducted worldwide but studies specific to the Island of Praslin are lacking. The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive-correlational study was to describe factors that affected compliance with hypertension medications and lifestyle modification strategies in a sample of 102 hypertensive persons. The comprehensive version of the Health Belief Model served as the conceptual framework directing the study. The researcher investigated whether there were any significant relationships between compliance and the Health Belief Model variables. Data was collected by means of structured interviews and document analysis, involving an interview schedule and a checklist. All respondents were diagnosed hypertension patients registered at either of the two public health centres on the Island of Praslin. Individual perception of the benefits and risks of hypertension treatment as well as cues to action were found to be significant determinants of compliance behaviour. The study highlighted the need for improved health education and follow-up measures to strengthen patients’ perceptions about the benefits of treatment and compliance. / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)

M.Sc. / Please refer to full text to view abstract