A process, the research concludes that problems with integration prevent the department from reaching the goal of performance-based budgeting. Improvements can be made in (1) creating conditions to allow the models to better incorporate the effects of naval transformation, (2) assuring knowledge about these models transfers across organization and over time, and (3) linking the budget justification material with the justification used for programming decisions.

T projects.

The detection and destruction of Time-Critical Targets (TCTs) has been a challenge for our military. NAVAIR has investigated a future timecritical strike (TCS) architecture and concept of operations (CONOPS) in order to explore the effectiveness of high-speed weapons against TCTs. NAVAIR has implemented a architecture and CONOPS in a simulation model. This thesis extends NAVAIR's work by developing flexible models and exploring the effects that alternative CONOPS may have on high-speed weapon requirements and system performance against TCTs. The TCTs are a single wave of theater ballistic missile (TBM) transporter-erectorlaunchers (TELs) that appear over a short time interval and can saturate the command and control architectures considered. For the architecture and alternative CONOPS explored, it is difficult to improve upon the performance of the baseline TCS system developed by NAVAIR.

Under World Trade Organization (“WTO”) rules, the United States and other developed countries are specifically permitted to treat the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”) as a Non-Market Economy (“NME”). Under U.S. trade laws, China’s designation as an NME allow imposition of tariffs to protect U.S. industries from “dumping” and to offset subsidies provided by foreign countries to their producers. However, on December 11, 2016, 15 years after China’s accession to the WTO, the U.S.’ legal right to automatically treat China as an NME expires under WTO law. The U.S. government has created NME methodologies under U.S. trade laws that impose often staggering duties on imports from China in a wide range of industries—duties that often have little relationship to economic reality. In effect, the U.S. is engaged in a guerrilla trade war with China, with NME status as the primary weapon. There is immense political resistance to ending the automatic NME treatment of China. For example, even Hillary Clinton, who was less openly confrontational towards China than Donald Trump, stated in her recent Presidential campaign, “Right now, Washington is considering Beijing’s request for ‘market economy’ status…if they get market economy status, it would defang our anti-dumping laws and let cheap products flood into our markets. So we should reply with only one word: No.”[i] This intense political anger is fueled by the displacements that China’s rapid rise and exports to the U.S. have engendered.[ii] Trade policy with respect to China needs to be considered in light of the critical importance of the relationship to both countries. China has become the United States’ largest single trading partner. Although the size of the trade deficit with China clearly accounts for the current heated political rhetoric about unfair trade with China, the fact is that China is by far the U.S.’ largest export trade partner (excluding our NAFTA neighbors Canada and Mexico), with exports almost twice the size of the next nearest country, Japan. This alone indicates it is in the United States’ interest to have a rational trading relationship with China. The U.S. should end the treatment of China as an NME. The policy is both ineffective and irrational. The capital markets do not consider the policy effective: recent relevant case studies show that protected U.S. companies often do not experience the intended benefit of trade law protection—a healthier business—based on analysis of their stock price performance beyond short term effects. After controlling for overall market fluctuations, companies will, at most, experience a short-term jump in their stock price. In the examples studied below, the stock price typically returns to pre-trade law protection figures within weeks. Such results imply two important points: 1) the company’s long-term fundamentals, which typically determine long-term stock performance (e.g. growth rate, cash flows, and margins), are unchanged by trade law protection; and 2) investors do not believe that these policies have a significant, long-term positive impact on U.S. companies. Regular “market economy” U.S. trade law provides real and sufficient remedies to address subsidies and dumping. Not only does the treatment of China as an NME exacerbate tensions with China[i], it imposes both unpredictable and excessive costs on U.S. consumers who purchase Chinese goods and makes U.S. businesses that use Chinese products to produce final goods less competitive with foreign competitors not facing such artificial costs[ii]. [i] Hornby, Lucy and Shawn Donnan, “China Fights for Market Economy Status”, May 9, 2016, Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/572f435e-0784-11e6-9b51-0fb5e65703ce. [ii] Mankiw, Gregory N. and Phillip L. Swagel, “Antidumping: The Third Rail of Trade Policy,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2005), pp. 107-119. [i] Clinton, Hillary, “Commentary: If Elected President, I’ll level the Playing Field on Global Trade,” Portland Herald Press, February 23, 2016, http://www.pressherald.com/2016/02/23/commentary-if-elected-president-ill-level-the-playing-field-on-global-trade-clinton-says/ [ii] Autor, David H., David Dorn and Gordon H. Hanson, “The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade,” NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 21906, National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016, http://economics.mit.edu/files/11675.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The Department of Defense continues to aggressively pursue A-76 competitive sourcing targets set by the Office of Management and Budget. As more A-76 acquisitions are processed, it is imperative that these studies are conducted fairly and efficiently. Legal challenges to A-76 actions disrupt the process and have a negative impact on the organizations and people undergoing study. Historically, industry has successfully protested a high percentage of A-76 procurements. This thesis examines General Accounting Office A-76 bid protest decisions issued between 5 February 1996 and 23 December 2002. The cases and protest issues are analyzed to determine the reasons that A-76 protests were lodged, and the reasons that A-76 protests were lost by the Government. The thesis identifies common themes, trends, and key issues, and draws conclusions based on that information. Recommendations for A-76 process improvements are developed and provided. It is the researcher's hope that this thesis will be of benefit to A-76 personnel, particularly to Government acquisition personnel responsible for conducting A-76 competitions in the future. / Civilian, Department of the Navy

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The United States Naval Academy is the premier source of officers for the Naval service. A Naval Academy diploma and commission into the Navy or Marine Corps requires a four-year total immersion into military culture, leadership training, and a demanding academic curriculum. The Naval Academy.s unique style of leadership training prepares young men and women for service to their country is an artful combination of mental, physical, and emotional development processes. These processes culminate into a performance measure called the Military Performance grade This research uses detailed literature reviews to support the operationalized model of the Naval Academy.s midshipman development process. The model uses secondary data from the Bowman-Mehay data files for Naval Academy classes 1980 through 1985. Evaluated in this research are the outcomes of the Linear and LOGIT regressions of the fleet success measures of Officer Performance, Promotion, and Retention. This research indicates some surprising results about the role of academics, physical education, athletics, and the Military Performance grade on the development of future Naval officers. The Military Performance grade is consistently the best predictor of fleet success measures. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / This study examines technical and behavioral relationships between independent variables related to U.S. Naval Academy graduates and their probabilities for submarine duty assignment and service with technical competence as junior officers. ìTechnical competenceî is defined as: successful completion of Nuclear Power School, Nuclear Power Training Unit, and the Prospective Nuclear Engineer Officer examination (PNEO). Data analysis of different outcome models is accomplished with the use of binary LOGIT regressions. Results suggest Engineering and Mathematical/Sciences majors (Group 1 & 2) have greater chances for submarine service assignment and better performance during initial nuclear training programs than officers with Humanities/Social Sciences (Group 3) majors. However, the Group 1 & 2 advantages, slowly decrease over time and eventually Group 3 officers linearly perform as well as their peers during PNEO. Findings suggest Group 3 majors are as desirable as other undergraduate majors when selecting submarine officers. Study limitations are discussed with future implications and suggested research opportunities. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / For one hundred fifty-seven years, the United States Naval Academy has been producing junior officers to serve in United States Navy and Marine Corps fleet commands. Each year, more than 1,200 new midshipmen are inducted into the four-year, total immersion process. Overseeing every aspect of midshipman life is a dedicated and experienced officer and senior enlisted core. The 4,200 midshipmen in the brigade are divided into thirty companies; each led by a fleet experienced junior officer. These Company Officers play a pivotal role in the education, leadership and training of their midshipmen. This research extracts the current measures employed to assess these Company Officers by way of a thorough review of USNA instructions, previous theses, popular literature, and expert interviews. These interviews were conducted with both Battalion and Company Officers via a specific set of uniform questions. Data obtained from interviews were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis in order to identify themes and patterns. Identification and explanation of these measures will assist current and perspective Company Officers in performing their duties more effectively and providing a better product to their midshipmen. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / The purpose of this study is to determine which characteristics and outcomes that are measured/determined at the Naval Academy serve as the best predictors of attrition from naval pilot training before or during the Primary phase, as well as performance in the first two stages of training: the academic portion of Aviation Preflight Indoctrination (API) and the flying portion of Primary phase. The reason for this is twofold; 1.) to examine the current aviation assignment policy at the Naval Academy (predominantly based on ASTB and OOM) to determine if it is significantly related to pilot performance (academic, flying and attrition) in flight school, and 2.) to examine alternative criteria to determine the possibility of developing a more effective model for predicting performance. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

This thesis document was issued under the authority of another institution, not NPS. At the time it was written, a copy was added to the NPS Library Collection for reasons not now known. It has been included in the digital archive for its historical value to NPS. Not believed to be a CIVINS (Civilian Institutions) title. / This thesis analyzes cases of construction litigation involving the U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) for the period 1982-2003. NAVFAC construction litagation cases were extracted from the historical trail decision record of the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA). The thesis provides trend data for all "first time" construction litigation cases brought before the board over the last 21 years. A total of 666 cases involving NAVFAC construction contracts were identified over this 21 year period. The characterization of these cases was accomplished through a review and tabulation of ASBCA identified primary causes and a subjective analysis of "root" causes from a random sample extracted from the total population. The random sample data set totals 30 cases and was taken from cases litigated in the last 10 years. Recommendation based on the findings are given to NAVFAC.