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This study synthesises Spreitzer's work on psychological empowerment, the job characteristics model (Hackman and Oldham, 1980) and Porter's attitudinal organisational commitment, and is linked to the philosophy that work empowerment is a organic procedure, energising people at work. Empowerment is conceptualised as a self-developing capacity generalised from interactive motivation reinforcing elements within and between the following sets of variables - motivating job characteristics, constructive contextual conditions, commitment, and internal work motivation. Data from 468 employees at 16 Taiwanese hotels were examined. The concept of empowerment was factor analysed into a multidimensional construct - the perceived control, efficacy, and meaningfulness. Results of the hypotheses proposed indicate that: (1) empowerment is an on-going process, interwoven with interdependent variables, individuals and situations; (2) knowledge enlargement is more empowering than task enla rgement and job rotation; and (3) there are additive effects of variety, autonomy and feedback upon empowerment, commitment, and internal motivation of employees. The concept of task interdependence within the groups and organisations is also a central issue in different aspects of this study. It is argued that empowerment in service organisations should recognise the importance of cross-functional collaboration in attempts to improve group effectiveness and maintain the quality cycle. In addition, this study investigates the interactions between the multidimensional constructs of perceived empowerment and commitment and illuminates that commitment is a synergistic outcome at the individual and organisational levels, deriving from motivating job design, constructive structural conditions, and the service workers' three aspects of empowerment. Such outcomes lead to newly enhanced outcomes at the very core of all organisational functions. This outcome is the interaction of individuals and work experience in an ongoing process in which people's work attitudes, values and beliefs are shaped.

Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public Health 0003100h Vicon@tiscali.co.za / The causative association between alcohol, cannabis use and accidents in the workplace have been shown in some studies. The adverse effects of these on employee’s health, work performance, public and industrial safety have also been researched internationally. But there still remains a paucity of information on the knowledge, attitudes, practices and prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use on diamond mines in South Africa even though anecdotal evidence suggests widespread use that is on the rise. As a result of this, effective intervention strategies to stem the rise have not been developed. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, practices and prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use amongst South African diamond miners. It was a cross-sectional analytical study which ascertained the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the miners in relation to alcohol and cannabis use through face to face structured interviews. The prevalence of alcohol was ascertained through breathalyser testing and that of cannabis through urine tests. The study site was a large diamond mine located in the northern part of South Africa. Individual written informed consent was obtained from each of the participants before questionnaire interviews, breathalyser and urine tests were carried out. All the interviews and tests were anonymous and unlinked. None of the test methods were invasive. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot survey. This research was commissioned by the Safety in Mines Research and Advisory Committee (SIMRAC). vii The reported prevalence for alcohol was 44% whilst the tested prevalence was 1.4%.For cannabis, the reported prevalence was 2.0% whilst the tested prevalence was 2.8%.The significant factors associated with alcohol use were higher educational qualification and type of work. Full time employees were more likely to have ever used alcohol. Reported users of alcohol and cannabis started before starting work on the mines. An overwhelming majority of the participants reported that alcohol and cannabis use could lead to accidents on the mines. A large majority reported that intervention strategies such as education, regular testing of employees and entertainment will decrease the use of alcohol and cannabis. Possible explanations for the patterns observed in the use of these substances have been given and suggestions on how to influence the use of these substances have been made.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Shu-Fai Cheung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-57). / Acknowledgement --- p.2 / Abstract --- p.3 / The Theory of Planned Behavior --- p.4 / Current Status --- p.7 / Research Questions --- p.17 / Method --- p.20 / Data Analysis Procedure --- p.27 / Results --- p.31 / Discussion --- p.40 / References --- p.48 / Footnotes --- p.57 / Chapter Table 1 --- Descriptive information of studies --- p.58 / Chapter Table 2 --- Effect of TOPB and PBC for the whole data set --- p.59 / Chapter Table 3 --- Descriptive statistics of mean PBC ratings --- p.60 / Chapter Table 4 --- Weighted mean PBC rating for each type of PBC operationalization and each type of beahvioral domain --- p.61 / Chapter Table 5 --- Unique Effect of PBC across operationalization of PBC --- p.62 / Chapter Table 6 --- Unique Effect of PBC across operationalization of intention --- p.63 / Chapter Table 7 --- Effect of Intention's and Control's Operationalization on Predicting Intention --- p.64 / Chapter Table 8 --- Effect of Intention's and Control's Operationalization on Predicting Behavior --- p.65 / Chapter Figure 1. --- The Theory of Planned Behavior --- p.66 / Chapter Figure 2. --- Schematic Representation of Research Questions --- p.67 / Chapter Figure 3. --- Schematic Representation of Research Questions --- p.68 / Chapter Appendix A --- Article list --- p.69 / Chapter Appendix B --- Using the delta method to derive a semipartial correlation's variance --- p.74

Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) has been widely studied because of its impact on patient morbidity, mortality, and overall health care costs. Research has shown that nurses' attitudes and perceptions regarding safety are critical to developing and maintaining clinical environments that are safe, prevent CLABSI, and assure better health outcomes. The practice-focused question for this project sought to determine the safety attitudes exhibited by registered nurses on a medical-surgical unit at the practice site. The Stetler model was used as a framework to guide the study. The Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) measured attitudes and perceptions regarding teamwork, safety, job satisfaction, management, stress recognition, and working conditions. Respondent understanding of CLABSI prevention was also measured. A nonrandomized purposeful sampling was used to invite nurses to participate in the study. A total of 61 nurses meeting inclusion criteria were invited to participate. Of those invited, 22 completed the survey, resulting in a 36% response rate. The survey consisted of a 36-item SAQ scale and a 5-item CLABSI prevention scale. The level of agreement on the 6 SAQ subscales ranged from a low of 3.3 to a high of 3.9 on a 5-point Likert scale. Perceptions regarding CLABSI prevention were notably higher at 4.26. When responses to specific questions were examined, low agreement was noted for (a) understanding who to direct questions to regarding patient safety, and (b) feeling the levels of staffing were adequate to care for the number of patients served. The number of years in nursing practice was associated with considerable variability in the 6 SAQ subscales. This project promotes positive social change by raising awareness of the safety culture associated with nursing care and for the prevention of CLABSI.

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2010. / Background: Screening for early detection and diagnosis of diseases and health conditions is an important public health principle. Breast cancer examination is whereby a woman will examine the breast by Breast Self Examination (BSE), Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), and Mammogram. Objective: The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of breast cancer examination among women attending Extension 2 clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. Method: The cross-sectional quantitative study design to examine knowledge, attitude and practice of women attending Extension 2 clinic in Gaborone was carried out between August and September 2009 using an interviewer administered questionnaire designed by the researcher. Results: The study was conducted among 375 women attended at extension 2 clinic. Study participants had low knowledge of breast cancer examination. The overall mean knowledge score was 49.7%. The commonest presentation of breast cancer which is a painless breast lump only a third 128(34.1%) of the respondents knew about it. The participants had a positive attitude towards breast cancer examination. Practice of breast cancer examination was unacceptable. Out of 238 Of those who practiced breast self examination (63.5% ) (BSE), only 88(23.5%) of the respondents practiced monthly as required. Similarly only 85(22.7%) of the respondents had visited a doctor for clinical breast examination (CBE) in the past year. Mammogram practice was also unacceptable only 6 (1.6%) of the respondents had done mammogram in the past 2 years. There was no association between socio-demographic characteristics with the knowledge attitude and practice of breast cancer examination. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that women attending at extension 2 clinic had low knowledge of breast cancer examination. Despite having positive attitude towards breast cancer examination, minority practiced breast self examination, clinical breast examination and mammogram. There was no association between socio-demographic characteristics with the knowledge of breast cancer. Therefore the Government should develop a policy on breast cancer screening. Awareness and advocacy campaign on breast cancer screening should be increased in the country.