The ideology of home—essentially the notion that "a woman's place is in the home"— tends to shape the expectations and assumptions of both men and women regarding the interests and abilities of women on the water. In "At Home Afloat: Gender and Domesticity in Northwest Coast Marine Travel Accounts," I analyze those expectations and their effects in a regional context. Reading accounts by female boat tourists between 1861 and 1990, I question the ways that gender influences the roles women play at sea, the spaces they occupy on boats, and the language they use to construct their experiences, their surroundings, and their contact with native peoples. In this dissertation I show women—traditionally forbidden in marine environments —participating in Northwest Coast steam tourism from its initiation, and influencing steamship company promotional language. I trace a history of women who enter the local recreational boating community and alter it with their home-making skills and their demand for "houseboats," and I map how domestic ideology can divide the built space of the boat into gender-specific territories. Women who labor in marine occupations (fishers, towboaters) cope with the limitations of a "masculine" environment. My work shows how female tourists, who typically cruise as "mates" with their captains/husbands, cope with these same limitations while bearing the added responsibility of answering to the patriarchal head of household; as a result, women who gain access to boats through their domestic abilities can be "ghettoized" in the galley. This project hypothesizes that "feminine discourse" (shaped by the Victorian cult of the home), together with the limitations of steamship transportation, led nineteenth-century female boat travellers to portray native women as "counterfeit ladies" and to seek homescapes in the mixed land/seascape. After the turn of the century-with the rise of the myth of the disappearing Indian, and the growing popularity of small-boat cruising—female boat tourists use feminine discourse to question their own position as outsider in the native world. Finally, I show that although literary works rely on seascape metaphors to symbolize woman's escape from the "social moorings" of gender expectations, these travellers tend to depict themselves in traditional domestic roles and find the waterscape largely "indescribable." Their accounts focus on "enfolding" nature into the ship's household, and emphasize female connections to the land.

Managing a common property resource, especially one jointly owned by two nations, is a formidable problem as it involves both incentives to cooperate and incentives to cheat. Often conflicts flare up, followed by efforts of reconciliation, which are interrupted again by new conflicts. A classic example of this is the Pacific salmon fishery, which is jointly harvested by the U.S.A and Canada. To understand the nature of this conflict, and to make policy recommendations, a game-theoretic approach is developed in this thesis.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.

The northern KwaZulu-Natal coast is backed by a continuous aeolian dune cordon that rises in places, to a height of more than 100 metres and a width of 2 kilometres. This MSc thesis documents the geomorphology of the area, as well as the mineralogical, geochemical and textural variation of nine boreholes within a small part of the coastal dune cordon between Lake Nhlabane and Cape St.-Lucia. The results provide useful constraints on the identification of individual beach and aeolian dune systems, their age relationships and spatial distribution. Aeolian dunes within the coastal dune cordon were studied using aerial photographs and grouped into five dune classes that reflect their relative age. These comprise 1) a system of highly weathered dunes inland of the present coastal dune cordon, that are thought to represent older dune cordons; 2) a system of weathered and reworked dunes located on the most inland portion of the coastal dune cordon; 3) a less altered, large field of linear parallel dunes located in the northern part of the study area; 4) a system of large scale parabolic dunes; and 5) a system of coastal, relatively unweathered small parabolic dunes. Mineralogy, geochemistry, texture and SEM analysis of borehole samples revealed a complex internal structure within the present coastal dune cordon. In the most inland part of the dune cordon, a basal light grey unit (Unit K) presents similar characteristics to the Kosi Bay Formation. This is overlain by Unit A, comprising beach and dune systems, characterised by a very high heavy mineral content. Unit A also forms the basal unit of the central and coastal portions of the dune cordon. Unit B contains a mixture of reworked sediments from Unit A and younger sediments. Aeolian Units D and E form the upper part of the dune cordon. Units D and E were derived from beach - foredune systems and contain a high carbonate bioclast content. All units are interpreted to be derived from immature sediment from the Tugela River and mature sediment from the continental shelf. In the southern part of the study area, an additional unit (Unit C) with unique characteristics has been interpreted as an aeolian deposit reworked from local fluvial sediments. The units identified from their sedimentological characteristics can be directly correlated to the regional dune classes identified from the geomorphology. Luminescence dating of two calcareous dunes was undertaken, revealing that only the sediment of the small coastal parabolic dunes (Dune Class 5, Unit E2) is of Holocene age. The deposition of the large field of linear dunes (Dune Class 3, Unit D2) took place between 15 000 and 11 000 BP, during the marine transgression following the last glaciation. Luminescence dating also indicated that both dunes were subject to at least one major reworking event. A study on the weathering characteristics of the dunes can be used to attribute a relative age to the nine sedimentological units. With the help of sea level curves and the two luminescence dates, the nine units were attributed an approximate absolute age and regrouped into four sediment packages thought to broadly represent four interglacial periods. The three younger packages are attributed to the penultimate interglacial (lower part of Unit A), last interglacial (upper part of Unit A, Units B and C) and "Holocene" interglacial (Units D and E). Hence the northern KwaZulu-Natal coastal dune cordon under study represents a complex stacking of three generations of coastal dune cordons, and appears to be constituted of sediments with age ranging from at least two hundred thousand years ago to present. The oldest sediment package (Unit K), interpreted as the Kosi Bay Formation, and the older dune cordons (Dune Class I) must be older than 200 000 years, which is older than considered by previous studies. The "Holocene" dune cordon (Units D and E) is interpreted as the Sibayi Formation. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1999.

Graduation date: 1980

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-171) / Microfiche. / xi, 171 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-78). / x, 78 leaves, bound ill. (some col.), map 29 cm

The Atnarko complex located in west-central British Columbia comprises pre-Early Jurassic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, termed the Atnarko assemblage, which is structurally interleaved with Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous orthogneiss. The Atnarko assemblage correlates with continental margin assemblages found within the Coast plutonic complex. Tectonic interaction between the Insular and Intermontane superterranes resulted in several phases of deformation including; 1) poorly preserved Jurassic deformation, 2) Early to mid-Cretaceous, southwest to west directed, compression, 3) mid-Cretaceous, north to northeast directed, compression, 4) mid- to Late Cretaceous dextral and sinistral ductile/brittle shearing, and 5) post latest Cretaceous brittle faulting. Peak metamorphism coincides with generation of migmatite in the Early Cretaceous (~117-115 Ma) and is contemporaneous with penetrative ductile fabrics. The Atnarko complex had cooled below 350°C by the Late. Comparison of the Atnarko complex to equivalent portions of the orogen along strike, indicates a post mid-Cretaceous change in structural style. To the northwest the orogen records continued southwest-directed compression which dominates the deformation style; while to the southeast large dextral strike-slip faults dominate. Relative plate motions between ca. 70-60 Ma indicate that dextral transpression occurred between the Kula and North American plates. Strain during this transpressive deformation was partitioned into compressive and translational regions. The Atnarko complex area is situated at the transition between translation and compression. The conditions of the lower and middle crust within the orogen were established by how strain was partitioned across the orogen. The distributed strain also shaped how the orogen responded to Tertiary extension. Continued compression to the northwest of the Atnarko complex led to increased crustal thickness and partial melting of lower and middle crust in the Tertiary. Conversely, the cessation of compression in the southeast lead to a more stable (i.e. cooler) crustal lithosphere. A change in relative plate motions in the early Tertiary triggered full-scale, orogen-perpendicular, collapse in the northwest facilitated by decoupling between the middle and lower crusts along thermally weakened layers. Localized orogen-parallel extension occurred in the southeast which was kinematically linked to large dextral strike-slip faults where the upper crust remained coupled to the middle and lower crust.

No description available.

No description available.