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Point-of-gaze estimation in three dimensionsHennessey, Craig 11 1900 (has links)
Binocular eye-gaze tracking can be used to estimate the point-of-gaze (POG)
of a subject in real-world three-dimensional (3D) space using the vergence
of the eyes. In this thesis, a novel non-contact, model-based technique for
3D POG estimation is presented. The non-contact system allows people to
select real-world objects in 3D physical space using their eyes, without the
need for head-mounted equipment. Using a model-based POG estimation
algorithm allows for free head motion and a single stage of calibration. The
users were free to naturally move and reorient their heads while operating
the system, within an allowable headspace of 3.2 x 9.2 x 14 cm. A rela
tively high precision, as measured by the standard deviation of the 3D POG
estimates, was measured to be 0.26 cm and was achieved with the use of
high speed sampling and digital filtering techniques. When observing points
in a 3D volume, large head and eye rotations are far more common than
when observing a 2D screen. A novel corneal reflection pattern matching
algorithm is presented for increasing image feature tracking reliability in the
presence of large eye rotations. It is shown that an average accuracy of 3.93
cm was achieved over seven different subjects and a workspace volume of 30
x 23 x 25 cm (width x height x depth). An example application is presented
illustrating the use of the 3D POG as a human computer interface in a 3D
game of Tic-Tac-Toe on a 3 x 3 x 3 volumetric display. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate
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The Voluntourist Gaze: Framing volunteer tourism experiences as portrayed in FacebookSink, Lisa Ashley 31 July 2012 (has links)
The purpose of this paper is to begin to analyze the discourse of volunteer tourism. More specifically, a holistic examination of the hermeneutic circle of volunteer tourism that takes into consideration the messages being communicated by volunteer tourism organizations, the voluntourist's interpretation and consumption of the messages, and in turn the re-distribution of the messages via social media using photographs and comments.
The sending organization pre-trip materials were reviewed to determine if volunteer tourism participants experienced a voluntourist gaze and subsequently captured similar images as marketed by the sending organization, thus completing the hermeneutic circle. Using grounded theory, photographs were coded to flush out underlying themes and patterns. These themes and patterns were incorporated into semi-structured interviews that were conducted, using a purposive sample of participants in a volunteer tourism experience with a student volunteer organization, to document the experience of the voluntourist. Underlying patterns further studied included: tourist gaze (Urry, 1990) vs. family gaze (Haldrup and Larsen, 2003), characterizations of hosts (Caton & Santos, 2008), and the characterizations of other images (Schmallegger et al., 2010) utilizing content and semiotic analysis. These results were triangulated with the interview responses to interpret the story shared on Facebook. Additionally, Barthes (1977) theory of anchorage and relay was utilized to analyze the photographs uploaded onto Facebook and the related captions and comments to reveal the story shared. / Master of Science
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Ambiguity in high definition: Gaze determines physical interpretation of ambiguous rotation even in the absence of a visual contextSouto, D., Smith, L., Sudkamp, J., Bloj, Marina 09 August 2020 (has links)
Yes / Physical interactions between objects, or between an object and the ground, are amongst the most biologically relevant for live beings. Prior knowledge of Newtonian physics may play a role in disambiguating an object’s movement as well as foveation by increasing the spatial resolution of the visual input. Observers were shown a virtual 3D scene, representing an ambiguously rotating ball translating on the ground. The ball was perceived as rotating congruently with friction, but only when gaze was located at the point of contact. Inverting or even removing the visual context had little influence on congruent judgements compared with the effect of gaze. Counterintuitively, gaze at the point of contact determines the solution of perceptual ambiguity, but independently of visual context. We suggest this constitutes a frugal strategy, by which the brain infers dynamics locally when faced with a foveated input that is ambiguous. / J.S. was funded by a College of Life Sciences studentship from the University of Leicester.
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From Dissection to Connection: The Preservative Power of the Empathetic Gaze in Romantic LiteratureFraley, Brandy B. 20 July 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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The Effect of Stride Length on Ocular Tracking of Pitched BallsAtterholt, Nathan L. 21 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Applications possibles de la stéganographie sur la compression d’image et l’estimation du regard de l’oeil humainJafari, Reza January 2014 (has links)
La recherche présentée dans cette thèse est divisée en trois parties. Notre objectif
dans la première partie est l’amélioration de la compression de l’image par
stéganographie. Dans cette étude, la compression de données est effectuée en deux
étapes. Tout d’abord, nous profitons du compactage d’énergie en utilisant JPEG
pour réduire les données redondantes. Ensuite, nous intégrons des blocs de bits
dans les blocs suivants de la même image stéganographie. Les bits intégrés servent
à non seulement augmenter la taille du fichier de l’image compressée, mais aussi
à diminuer davantage la taille du fichier. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent
que notre méthode donne de meilleurs taux de compression tout en conservant
une haute qualité de l’image. Le deuxième sujet de cette thèse propose un formalisme
bayésien pour la stéganalyse d’image numérique qui permet la détection
d’images stego, l’identification de l’algorithme de stéganographie utilisé, l’estimation
de la longueur du message et l’emplacement, et l’anticipation dans le cas de
l’intégration en utilisant un algorithme de stéganographie inconnu. La détection,
l’identification et l’anticipation impliquent l’apprentissage discriminant dans l’espace
des fonctions. L’estimation nécessite la fusion de classificateurs permettant la
discrimination entre les sous-images et une intégration entière des couvertures de
tailles différentes. La validation sur des images JPEG montre que le système proposé
est efficace et permet d’anticiper des algorithmes de stéganographie inconnus.
Le troisième sujet de la thèse décrit une méthode d’estimation du regard de l’oeil
humain pendant un mouvement normal de la tête. Dans ce procédé, la position et
l’orientation de la tête sont acquises par des données de profondeur fournies par
Kinect. La direction de l’oeil est obtenue à partir d’images à haute résolution. Nous
nous proposons la régression logistique multinomiale pour construire une fonction
de mappage du regard et de vérifier l’état de l’iris. L’efficacité de la méthode proposée
est validée par une évaluation de la performance pour plusieurs personnes
avec différentes distances et poses par rapport à la caméra et dans différents états
de l’oeil.
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Combating Voyeurism: Domenichino and the Protofeminist Artistic Tradition of BolognaWixom, Tiffany Nicole 01 April 2018 (has links)
Domenichino (1581-1641), a Bolognese artist, painted a unique interpretation of Ovid's myth of the goddess Diana and mortal hunter Actaeon in 1616 titled, Archery Contest of Diana and her Nymphs. This image depicts the goddess and her nymphs actively engaged in various activities. This portrayal is drastically different from common depictions of the time period, in which the goddess is portrayed as vulnerable, weak, and subjected to male voyeurism. In contrast, Domenichino painted his female warriors as physically strong and empowered with their weapons in hand. Compared to the art of his contemporaries, Domenichino's painting clearly evidences that he was influenced and inspired by a well-established, protofeminist artistic tradition originating in Bologna. Bologna offered several contributing factors which created a receptive environment for female artists to thrive. Artists like Lavinia Fontana were able to create strong careers that were both profitable and competitive with those of their male contemporaries. Fontana's depictions of female subjects deliberately pushed against the stereotype of painting heroines as passive objects exposed to male voyeurism. In Archery Contest of Diana and her Nymphs, Domenichino approaches Diana and her nymphs in the same fashion as the Bolognese protofeminists. The women depicted are no longer passive objects to be gazed upon; rather they are actively engaged and have physically fit bodies. Domenichino and the protofeminist tradition redefined how heroines are depicted by empowering the women as dynamic participants in brave pursuits.
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Single camera 3D gaze determinationBeckmann, Jeffery Linn 15 May 2009 (has links)
In this dissertation, a new approach for determining gaze direction is presented. This
approach is based on the existence of a visual axes center for the human eye, the location
of which is invariant with respect to the head. The vector from the visual axes center of
an eye through the pupil center provides a reliable approximation for a gaze vector.
Calibration camera images of human subjects looking at known points on a computer
monitor are collected in a non-intrusive manner. Algorithms are applied to the images
from two independent cameras whose spatial relationship is known with respect to the
monitor. The calibration algorithms allow determination of physical distances between
selected facial features visible in the images and the invariant location of the visual axes
center for each eye (not visible) with respect to these features. Given these invariant
relationships between a subject's facial features and eye visual axes centers, optimization
techniques are applied to subsequent images collected from a single camera to obtain the
three-dimensional locations of the visible facial features and the visual axes centers, and
from these, the gaze direction.
The results of experiments conducted to determine the viability and accuracy of the
visual axes center approach in determining the gaze direction are presented. The results
show that the approach can provide acceptable gaze direction error values when high
accuracy (< 1° angular error) is not required. Techniques to improve accuracy are
discussed as well as potential limitations of the approach.
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A transient gaze2014 September 1900 (has links)
This document explores and questions notions of place, identity, and transformation caused by displacement.
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Applications possibles de la stéganographie sur la compression d’image et l’estimation du regard de l’oeil humainJafari, Reza January 2014 (has links)
La recherche présentée dans cette thèse est divisée en trois parties. Notre objectif
dans la première partie est l’amélioration de la compression de l’image par
stéganographie. Dans cette étude, la compression de données est effectuée en deux
étapes. Tout d’abord, nous profitons du compactage d’énergie en utilisant JPEG
pour réduire les données redondantes. Ensuite, nous intégrons des blocs de bits
dans les blocs suivants de la même image stéganographie. Les bits intégrés servent
à non seulement augmenter la taille du fichier de l’image compressée, mais aussi
à diminuer davantage la taille du fichier. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent
que notre méthode donne de meilleurs taux de compression tout en conservant
une haute qualité de l’image. Le deuxième sujet de cette thèse propose un formalisme
bayésien pour la stéganalyse d’image numérique qui permet la détection
d’images stego, l’identification de l’algorithme de stéganographie utilisé, l’estimation
de la longueur du message et l’emplacement, et l’anticipation dans le cas de
l’intégration en utilisant un algorithme de stéganographie inconnu. La détection,
l’identification et l’anticipation impliquent l’apprentissage discriminant dans l’espace
des fonctions. L’estimation nécessite la fusion de classificateurs permettant la
discrimination entre les sous-images et une intégration entière des couvertures de
tailles différentes. La validation sur des images JPEG montre que le système proposé
est efficace et permet d’anticiper des algorithmes de stéganographie inconnus.
Le troisième sujet de la thèse décrit une méthode d’estimation du regard de l’oeil
humain pendant un mouvement normal de la tête. Dans ce procédé, la position et
l’orientation de la tête sont acquises par des données de profondeur fournies par
Kinect. La direction de l’oeil est obtenue à partir d’images à haute résolution. Nous
nous proposons la régression logistique multinomiale pour construire une fonction
de mappage du regard et de vérifier l’état de l’iris. L’efficacité de la méthode proposée
est validée par une évaluation de la performance pour plusieurs personnes
avec différentes distances et poses par rapport à la caméra et dans différents états
de l’oeil.
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