Typescript translation of Synopse des deux regles de Libermann. Translated by Fr. Walter van de Putte

Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Frederick Davis, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Program in American and Florida Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 27, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 99 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

This dissertation looks beyond the prevailing view of Pu Songling’s (1640-1715) Liaozhai zhiyi as an undisputed classic of Chinese literature, positing that much of the work’s cultural relevance and popular appeal derives from its status as “minor discourse” rooted in the tradition of the ghost tale. The first half of the dissertation examines the ghosts depicted within Liaozhai, reconnecting their tamed and feminized images with their dark and anarchic origins. The second half studies the reception of Liaozhai, chronicling the book’s cultural ascension from xiaoshuo, in the original sense of a minor form of discourse fraught with generic and ideological tensions, to a major work of fiction (xiaoshuo in its modern sense). However, the book’s canonical status remains unsettled, haunted by its heterogeneous literary and cultural roots. The Introduction reviews current scholarship on Liaozhai, justifying the need to further investigate the relationship between popular perceptions of Liaozhai and the Chinese notion of ghosts. Chapter One delineates Pu Songling’s position in late imperial ghost discourse and examines how the ghost tale reflects his ambivalence toward being a Confucian literatus. Chapter Two reads Pu Songling’s “The Painted Skin” in conjunction with its literary antecedents, demonstrating that Pu’s uses of both zhiguai and chuanqi modes are essential for the exploration of the ghost’s critical and creative potential. Chapter Three takes up the issues of genre, canon and ideology in the “remaking” of the book by Qing dynasty critics, publishers and commentators, a process in which Liaozhai gains prestige but Liaozhai ghosts become aestheticized into objects of connoisseurship. Chapter Four looks at the ruptures in modern ghost discourse that paradoxically create new vantage points from which Liaozhai regains its “minor” status, most notably in Hong Kong ghost films. The Conclusion revisits “The Painted Skin,” a Liaozhai story that exemplifies the complex cultural ramifications of the ghost. The dissertation combines a study of Liaozhai’s textual formation and its subsequent history of reception with a dialogic inquiry into the ghost, which occupies a highly contested field of cultural discourse, functioning variously as a psychological projection, a token of belief, a literary motif and an aesthetic construction.

This dissertation looks beyond the prevailing view of Pu Songling’s (1640-1715) Liaozhai zhiyi as an undisputed classic of Chinese literature, positing that much of the work’s cultural relevance and popular appeal derives from its status as “minor discourse” rooted in the tradition of the ghost tale. The first half of the dissertation examines the ghosts depicted within Liaozhai, reconnecting their tamed and feminized images with their dark and anarchic origins. The second half studies the reception of Liaozhai, chronicling the book’s cultural ascension from xiaoshuo, in the original sense of a minor form of discourse fraught with generic and ideological tensions, to a major work of fiction (xiaoshuo in its modern sense). However, the book’s canonical status remains unsettled, haunted by its heterogeneous literary and cultural roots. The Introduction reviews current scholarship on Liaozhai, justifying the need to further investigate the relationship between popular perceptions of Liaozhai and the Chinese notion of ghosts. Chapter One delineates Pu Songling’s position in late imperial ghost discourse and examines how the ghost tale reflects his ambivalence toward being a Confucian literatus. Chapter Two reads Pu Songling’s “The Painted Skin” in conjunction with its literary antecedents, demonstrating that Pu’s uses of both zhiguai and chuanqi modes are essential for the exploration of the ghost’s critical and creative potential. Chapter Three takes up the issues of genre, canon and ideology in the “remaking” of the book by Qing dynasty critics, publishers and commentators, a process in which Liaozhai gains prestige but Liaozhai ghosts become aestheticized into objects of connoisseurship. Chapter Four looks at the ruptures in modern ghost discourse that paradoxically create new vantage points from which Liaozhai regains its “minor” status, most notably in Hong Kong ghost films. The Conclusion revisits “The Painted Skin,” a Liaozhai story that exemplifies the complex cultural ramifications of the ghost. The dissertation combines a study of Liaozhai’s textual formation and its subsequent history of reception with a dialogic inquiry into the ghost, which occupies a highly contested field of cultural discourse, functioning variously as a psychological projection, a token of belief, a literary motif and an aesthetic construction.

CONTENTS -- PREFACE Xlll -- CHAPTER ONE -- From Wealth to a Pauper's Grave -- 1. The Family and Youth of Claude Francis Poullart des Places -- (pg. 1) -- 2. A Twenty-Four Year Old Founder of a Seminary and Congregation -- (pg. 7) -- A Humble Beginning, p. 7; Poullart des Places and St Louis de Montfort, p. 11; Ordination to Priesthood and Death, p. 11 -- 3. A Mystique of Poverty and Evangelical Availability -- (pg. 13) -- CHAPTER TWO -- The "Golden Age" of Father Louis Bouic, 1710-1763. -- PART one: Survival and Growth -- 1. Confidence in the Young -- (pg. 20) -- 2. Continuing Relations with St Louis de Montfort -- (pg. 21) -- 3. The Struggle for Legal Recognition: on the Edge of Suppression -- (pg. 23) -- 4. Early Growth of the Society -- (pg. 28) -- 5. A Furious Battle with the Jansenists -- (pg. 30) -- 6. Opening the Gateway to Foreign Missions -- (pg. 32) -- 7. Missions in the Quebec Region -- (pg. 36) -- The Seminary of Quebec, p. 36; Parishes in the Quebec Region, p. 39. -- CHAPTER THREE -- The "Golden Age" of Father Louis Bouic. -- PART two: Acadian and Indian Missions, 1735- 1763. -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 41) -- 2. Father Maillard, the Apostle of the Micmacs -- (pg. 44) -- His Linguistic Achievements, p. 44; Conflict with the Recollects, p. 46; Chaplain of Braves on the Warpath, p. 47. -- 3. John Le Loutre, the Father of the Acadians -- (pg. 49) -- First Labors, p. 49; Warfare and Capture, p. 49; The Murder of Captain How, p. 54; New Hopes, p. 57; Betrayal, p. 58; The Fall of Beaséjour, p. 60. -- 4. The "Grand Dérangement" -- (pg. 61) -- The Capture and Deportation of Priests from Nova Scotia, p. 61; The Chaplain of Hunted Men: Father Le Guerne, p. 63; Surrender of Father Maillard, p. 67; Father Manach Falls into a Trap, p. 71; The Treacherous Capture and Deportation of Father Cocquart, p. 72. -- 5. After the Deportation -- (pg. 73) -- Maillard, the Sole Priest in Nova Scotia, p. 73; The Deathbed "Conversion" of Father Maillard to the Anglican Church, p. 74; Disappearance of Father Cocquart, p. 76; Father Le Loutre and the Acadian Refugees, p. 77; Scoundrels or Heroes?, p. 79. -- CHAPTER FOUR -- From the Suppression of the Jesuits to the French Revolution, 1793-1801 -- 1. Father Becquet as Superior General -- (pg. 86) -- 2. The Revolution in France -- (pg. 94) -- 3. Acadian and Indian Missions -- (pg. 96) -- The Miquelon Islands: Settled, Wrecked; Resettled and Wrecked Again, p. 96; On the Mainland and Adjacent Islands: Indian Threats and Their Results, p. 100; Two Little Deportees, p. 101; "In Journeyings Often," p. 102; Father Bourg Averts Indian Revolt, p. 103; Emancipation of Catholics in Halifax, p. 104; Cape Breton and the Magdalen Islands, p. 105. -- 4. Stranded on the Wrong Continent: First Mission in Africa -- (pg. 106) -- The Senegal Mission, p. 109. -- 5. The Guiana Mission -- (pg. 111) -- Negroes and Indians, p. 112; The Revolution in Guiana, p. 114. -- 6. Concluding Remarks: How Many Spiritan Missionaries? -- (pg. 119) -- CHAPTER FIVE -- Years of Crisis, 1802-1848 -- 1. Imperial Intrigue: First Restoration -- (pg. 121) -- 2. Imperial Suppression and Royal Restoration -- (pg. 124) -- A Furious Emperor, p. 124; The King Acts, p. 126; Student Demonstrations, p. 127; Approval by Holy See, p. 128. -- 3. New Dangers and Trials -- (pg. 129) -- Episcopal Raiders, p. 129; Political Turmoil, p. 131; On the Verge of Extinction Again, p. 132. -- 4. "I Have Not Yet Begun to Fight" -- (pg. 134) -- The Army Moves Out, p. 135; Reinforced Staff, p. 136; Battle for Subsidies, p. 137. -- 5. A Crisis of Authority — "The Ghost of Napoleon” -- (pg. 138) -- 6. Premature Funeral Discourses -- (pg. 142) -- Trouble with the "Libermannists," p. 143; Re-organization, p. 145; Roman Sensitivities and Suspicions, p. 147; Further Reforms, p. 149. -- 7. Revolution and A New Threat of Suppression -- (pg. 150) -- 8. A Savior from the Indian Ocean -- (pg. 151) -- 9. An Inferior and Corrupt Clergy? -- (pg. 154) -- CHAPTER SIX -- One Jew and Two Creoles: Francis Libermann and His Congregation of the Holy Heart of Mary -- 1. His Early Life -- (pg. 166) -- 2. The Foundation of the Congregation of the Holy Heart of Mary -- (pg. 167) -- First Origins, p. 167; Voyage to Rome, p. 170; Encouragement by propaganda, p. 171; Ordained a Priest, p. 172; Opening of the Novitiate, p. 173. -- 3. The Resumption of the African Missions -- (pg. 174) -- The Old African Missions, p. 175; American Efforts, p. 180; Libermann and the New Mission, p. 182; Departure of the Expedition, p. 184; Disaster Strikes, p. 185; "We Will Never Abandon Those Poor People," p. 189; Reinforcements Sent, p. 190; Expansion at Home, p. 192; On the Brink of a New Disaster, p. 193. -- 4. The Australian Venture -- (pg. 195) -- CHAPTER SEVEN -- "Under New Management": Father Libermann as Superior General of the Congregation of the Holy Ghost -- 1. The Merger -- (pg. 200) -- 2. Re-organization -- (pg. 206) -- Irate Confreres, p. 207; An Angry Archbishop, p. 209; A Snake in the Grass, p. 211; Breaking the Bureaucratic Stranglehold, p. 213. -- 3. Expanding Horizons -- (pg. 216) -- Educational Work, p. 216; Social Works, p. 209; A Solid Home Base, p. 221; Respecting Each One's Personal Vocation, p. 222. -- 4. "A Light to the Nations" -- (pg. 223) -- 5. Some Fellow Workers of the First Hour -- (pg. 226) -- a. The Man Who Did Everything Wrong: Blessed James Laval, 1803-1864, p. 226. -- b. The Extremist: Frederick Le Vavasseur, 1811-1882, p. 233. -- c. An Inexperienced Diplomat in a Chaotic Situation: Eugene Tisserant, 1814-1845, p. 238. -- d. The Savage: Stanislaus Arragon, 1819-1855, p. 242. -- CHAPTER EIGHT -- The Driving Force of the Congregation: Libermann's Spiritual and Apostolic Doctrine -- 1. Libermann's Spiritual Doctrine – (pg. 247) -- 2. Libermann's Principles of Evangelization -- (pg. 251) -- Preconditions of All Apostolate: Freedom of Conscience and Openness to the World, p. 252; The Church as Mission, p. 253; Purpose of Missions: Local Churches and Native Leadership, p. 254; Evangelization and Civilization, p. 257; Means of Evangelization, p. 260; Relations with Civil Authorities, p. 262. -- CHAPTER NINE -- "Like a Young Tree Planted Near Running Waters": 1852-1895 -- A. The Schwindenhammer Era: 1852-1881 -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 265) -- 2. "The Two Guineas" -- (pg. 267) -- Conflict with Bishop Kobes, p. 267; Welcome Aid, p. 269; First Efforts South of the Equator, p. 270. -- 3. The Opening Phase of the Evangelization of East Africa -- (pg. 271) -- 4. Juvenile Dehnquents and Orphans -- (pg. 274) -- 5. Educational Works -- (pg. 276) -- 6. Internationalization -- (pg. 278) -- Ireland: First Contacts and First Foundations, p. 278; The Scottish Lawsuit, p. 279; Development of Blackrock College, p. 281. Germany: About Ships and Emigrants, p. 282; Of Wayward Youths and "Diaspora" Catholics, p. 283; An Old Abbey and Pig-headed Politicians, p. 285; Jesuitical Spawn, p. 287; Postmortem, p. 290. Portugal, p. 291. The United States: Earliest Contacts, p. 292; First Foundations, p. 293; The "Duke of Arkansas," p. 295. -- 7. The End of the Schism in Haiti -- (pg. 296) -- 8. France: Thunder in the Distance and the Thunder of Guns -- (pg. 299) -- Thunder in the Distance, p. 299; The Thunder of Guns, p. 302. -- 9. Internal Rumblings – (pg. 304) -- Authoritarianism, p. 304; Uniformity, p. 305; A "Palace Revolt" That Failed, p. 307; Appeal to Rome, p. 310; Subduing the General Chapter, p. 311. -- B. The Emonet Period: 1882-1895 -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 314) -- 2. The Restoration of the German Province -- (pg. 315) -- Failed Efforts, p. 315; Daniel in the Lion's Den, p. 316. -- 3. The Drive to the Interior of Africa -- (pg. 319) -- From Senegal to Timbuktu, p. 320; To "the Heart of Africa Below the Equator," p. 322; Blocked in the East, p. 326; The Race in the Congo, p. 328; Conflict with Cardinal Lavigerie, p. 332; From the Atlantic to the Borders of Sudan, p. 335. -- 4. A Humble Start in Nigeria -- (pg. 336) -- 5. Departures, Voluntary and Forced -- (pg. 339 -- Withdrawal from French India, p. 339; Expulsion from Guiana, p. 340; Exit from the Miquelon Islands, p. 341. -- 6. "The Power of Taxation is the Power of Extermination" -- (pg. 342 -- CHAPTER TEN -- On Course Despite Storms and Tempests: The Generalate Of Archbishop Le Roy, 1896-1926 -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 344) -- A Bewildered Man Under Fire, p. 344; Election of a Strong Personality, p. 345; A Program, p. 347. -- 2. France -- (pg. 349) -- On the Brink of Disaster, p. 349; Combes' Persecution, p. 352; Partial Exile, p. 353. -- 3. The 1910 Revolution in Portugal -- (pg. 354) -- The Gathering Storm, p. 354; The Revolution, p. 355. -- 4. The Start of New Provinces -- (pg. 357) -- Belgium, p. 357; The Netherlands, p. 358; Great Britain, p. 360; Canada, p. 361; Switzerland, p. 363; Poland, p. 364. -- 5. Germany, Ireland and the United States -- (pg. 365) -- Germany: The Reign of the Thundering Abbot, p. 365; Ireland: Free at Last, p. 370; The United States: Duquesne University, a Struggle for Subsidies, p. 370; Working Among Involuntary Immigrants, p. 372. -- 6. Disasters, Natural and Man-made -- (pg. 373) -- The Eruption of Mont-Pele, p. 373; World War I, p. 376; The Shipwreck of the "Afrique," p. 377 -- 7. "A Battle Lost and a Battle Won" -- (pg. 378) -- The Old French Colonies, p. 378; Haiti and Trinidad, p. 380; The Russian College, p. 381. -- 8. Latin America: From Academe to the Green Hall -- (pg. 381) -- 9. Africa -- (pg. 385) -- Return to the Belgian Congo, p. 385; Repercussions of the Portuguese Revolution in Angola, p. 386; Return to the Cameroons, p. 387; A Conflict in Kenya, p. 388; Withdrawal from Spanish Guinea, p. 389; Return to the South Africa, p. 390; Effects of French Religious Persecution, p. 391; Return to Madagascar, p. 391. -- 10. Sisters and Brothers -- (pg. 392) -- CHAPTER ELEVEN -- Agonies and Ecstacies: From the Mid-Twenties To Vatican Council Two (1926-1962) -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 395) -- 2. The Affair of the "Action Frangaise" -- (pg. 396) -- 3. "The Father of Orphans": Daniel Brottier -- (pg. 401) -- 4. Nazi Persecution in Germany -- (pg. 404) -- 5. World War Two: 1939- 1945 -- (pg. 409) -- 6. The End of the Beginning -- (pg. 410) -- 7. Africa -- (pg. 412) -- The Forward Surge in South- Eastern Nigeria, p. 412; A Change of Heart Among the Aduma (Gabon), p. 414; High Tide in Cameroons, p. 415; Congo Messianism, p. 418; The Kongolo Massacre, p. 421. -- 8. America: North, South and in Between -- (pg. 425) -- Canada and U.S. A. p. 425; The West Indies, p. 427; Latin America, 428. -- 9. Spain -- (pg. 431) -- CHAPTER TWELVE -- The Spiritan Apostolate in Africa, 1842-1962. A Retrospect -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 432) -- 2. Economic Activity -- (pg. 433) -- Plantations and Agriculture, p. 434; Technical and Schools and Workshops, p. 436. -- 3. Educational and Scientific Endeavors -- (pg. 437) -- Bush Schools and Standard Grade Schools, p. 437; Secondary Schools and Colleges, p. 438; Negative Aspects, p. 439; Scientific Work, p. 440. -- 4. Works of Christian Charity -- (pg. 444) -- Care of the Sick, p. 444; Liberation of Slaves, p. 445; An Obstacle to Christianization?, p. 445. -- 5. Catholic Press and Youth Organizations -- (pg. 446) -- 6. Effective Evangelical Presence -- (pg. 448) -- Preaching the Gospel and Baptizing, p. 449; Building a Christian Commuity, p. 451. -- 7. Active Role of Africans in the Growth of Their Churches -- (pg. 457) -- Material Support of the Church, p. 457; The Lay Apostolate, p. 459; Religious Men and Women, p. 461 (Brothers, p. 461; Married Brothers, p. 462; Sisters, p. 463); African Clergy, p. 464 (Bishops, p. 466). -- 8. Mission and Colonialism -- (pg. 466) -- Precolonial Period, p. 466; The Scramble for Colonies, p. 467; The Colonial Era, p. 471. -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN -- The Challenge of a New World-in-the-making, 1962-1980 -- 1. Transition -- (pg. 475) -- A General Crisis, p. 475; Chapters and Orientations, p. 476. -- 2. Intermezzo. "Full Speed Astern": The Lefebvre Affair -- (pg. 478) -- 3. New Directions Diminishing Membership, p. 481; Third World Contributions, p. 489 (Sharing the Missionary Charism in Africa, p. 489; In Latin America and the West Indies, p. 491; Lay Volunteers and New Forms of Membership, p. 492; Changing Configuration, p. 494). -- 4. "A New Era in the History of Africa's Evangelization," -- (pg. 495) -- "Blacks Issue Orders," p. 496; "Missionaries Are Still Needed," p. 497; "Its Own Church Discipline in Certain Respects," p. 498; "African Theology, Philosophy and Liturgy," p. 500. -- 5. Civil War in Nigeria, 1967- 1970 -- (pg. 501) -- Role of the Irish Spiritans During the War, p. 503. (Concern of the Churches, p. 504; Airlift and Starvation, p. 505); After the Defeat, p. 507. -- 6. Angola -- (pg. 510) -- From Colony to Marxist Republic, p. 510; The Church Toward the End of the Colonial Era, p. 511; An African Church in Independent Angola, p. 515. -- 7. Guinea -- (pg. 518) -- 8. The Turbulent World of Latin America -- (pg. 519) -- Brazil, p. 520; Paraguay, p. 520; Peru and Mexico, p. 521; Guiana, Guadeloupe and Martinique, p. 521; Puerto Rico, p. 521; Haiti: Expulsion and Withdrawal, p. 521 -- INDEX CHAPTER -- (pg. 523) -- BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ABBREVIATIONS -- (pg. 546)

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 142-149. / Microfiche. / xi, 149 leaves ill

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Guo li Taiwan shi fan da xue, 1978. / Cover title. Reproduced from typescript; on double leaves. Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-317).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Guo li Taiwan shi fan da xue, 1978. / Cover title. Reproduced from typescript; on double leaves. Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-317).

Celebrate Halloween Rugby style at Historic Rugby’s Annual Ghostly Gathering events with ghost stories, a bonfire, and visits from some of Rugby’s most prominent haunts! Ghost stories also performed during October 2014.

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