Under sommaren 2011 utvecklade jag en iPhone applikation för tidrapportering åt Cygate AB. Denna rapport beskriver min arbetsprocess samt diskuterar och motiverar de tekniska lösningar som valts.

Vi har i vårat examensarbete tagit fram en e-marknadsplats i för Högskolan Dalarna. Marknadsplatsen är programmerad i asp.NET och vb.NET. Fram tills idag har skolans anslagstavlor använts flitigt för annonsering av, inte bara studentlitteratur, utan allt från pennor till bilar. Högskolan Dalarna har därför en önskan om att få en e-marknadsplats där studenter har möjlighet att annonsera.

Trafiq används av Columna för att distribuera trafikinformation. Funktionen är först och främst att förädla och förmedla information. En viktig del i denna tjänst är kopplingen mot Vägverkets (VV) tjänst Triss som förser Trafiq med trafikinformation. Överföringen av information från VV till Columna sker idag med filer och FTP. VV tillhandahåller numera en tjänst där data skickas på XML-format med http. Min uppgift var att implementera mottagaren i .NET och C# på Columna. I utredningen utreds de mekanismer som ligger till grund för Internettjänster och distribuerade funktioner över Internet. Min slutsats är att http och webbservrar är ett kraftfullt verktyg och kan användas för att lösa många problem som har med datorkommunikation att göra.

<i>Pyrenophora teres</i> Drechs. (anamorph: <i>Drechslera teres</i> (Sacc.) Shoem.) is the causal agent of barley net blotch. Net blotch is an economically important disease commonly found throughout the barley producing regions of the world. Significant financial losses result from yield reductions, ranging from 15-35%, and decreased grain quality. Despite its prevalence, it is unclear if the P. teres-barley pathosystem follows a gene-for-gene model, and more generally, little is known about its genetic organization. Three studies were initiated to address these questions.<p>The first study investigated the genetic control of avirulence in <i>P. teres.</i> To establish an appropriate study system, a collection of ten net form (<i>P. teres f. teres</i>) and spot form (<i>P. teres f. maculata</i>) isolates were evaluated on a set of eight differential barley lines to identify two isolates with differential virulence on a specific host line. WRS 1906, exhibiting low virulence on the cultivar Heartland, and WRS 1607, exhibiting high virulence, were mated and 67 progeny were isolated and phenotyped for virulence on Heartland. The population segregated in a 1:1 ratio, 34 avirulent to 33 virulent (Chi-square = 0.0, P = 1.0), indicating single gene control of WRS 1906 avirulence on Heartland. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify six amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers closely linked to the avirulence gene (AvrHeartland). This work provides evidence that the P. teres-barley pathosystem conforms to the gene-for-gene model.<p>In the second study, five isolates of P. teres, representing both net and spot forms, were analyzed by the germ tube burst method (GTBM) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the species karyotype. Nine chromosomes were observed in all isolates using the GTBM and estimation of chromosome lengths varied from 0.5 to 3.0 µm. PFGE separated 7 to 8 bands depending on isolate, but analysis of bands by densitometry indicated nine chromosomes. Chromosome size ranged from 1.8 to ~6.0 Mb providing a genome size estimate of 32 to 39 Mb. Significant chromosome-length polymorphisms (CLP) were observed between isolates. These CLP did not hinder mating between mating-type compatible net form isolates. No particular CLP or individual chromosome could be associated with differences in disease symptoms observed between pathogen forms. This study provides the first karyotype of both P. teres forms and will assist genetic mapping of this pathogen.<p>A genetic linkage map of <i>P. teres f. teres</i>, was constructed in the third study using the population of 67 progeny derived from the WRS 1906  WRS 1607 cross. The map consists of 138 markers including 114 AFLPs, 21 telomere RFLPs, the mating-type (MAT) locus and an avirulence locus (AvrHeartland) controlling interaction with barley cultivar Heartland. Markers were distributed across 24 linkage groups ranging in length from 2 to 110 cM with an average marker interval of 8.5 cM. The total map length was 797 cM. A telomere-specific probe, consisting of the sequence (TTAGGC)4, was used to map 15 of the 18 telomeres. One of these telomeres mapped to within 3 cM of the AvrHeartland locus. Attempts to consolidate linkage groups by hybridizing markers to the electrophoretically separated chromosomes was unsuccessful because probes bound to multiple chromosomes, likely due to repetitive DNA within the probe. This is the first genetic map reported for this species and it will be a useful genetic tool for map-based cloning of the AvrHeartland gene tagged in this study. <p>This research has provided a number of new insights into the net blotch pathogen and provides a useful research tool in the form of a genetic map. This information lays the foundation for further genetic study of P. teres and will complement studies on barley resistance to net blotch that may potentially lead to more durable resistance.

Wetlands are among the most ecologically productive lands in the world, but every year they continue to be lost due to increasing pressures from agriculture, industrial development, urbanization and the lack of effective mitigation to deal with such pressures. Despite environmental assessment processes, policies, and regulations to ensure the mitigation of affected wetlands, wetlands continue to experience a loss in areal extent, but more importantly, a functional net-loss. This is attributed, in large part, to the lack of incorporating cumulative effects principles into project-based wetland impact assessment and mitigation. The majority of activities that affect wetlands are either assessed at the screening level, where cumulative effects are rarely considered, or are deemed insignificant and do not trigger any formal environmental assessment process. As a result, the mitigation of cumulative effects on wetlands is often insufficient or completely lacking in development planning and decision-making. Part of the challenge is that there currently does not exist methodological guidance as to how to identify wetland cumulative effects and corresponding mitigation needs early in the project design process. This research presents a methodological framework and guidance for the integration of cumulative effects in decision-making for project-based, wetland impact mitigation. The framework provides a means for the early indication, assessment, and mitigation of the potential cumulative effects of project developments on the wetland environment, with the objective of ensuring a no-net-loss of wetland functions.

Recently, with the escalating demands for optical communications, the need for bandwidth in optical communication network has increased. The technology fiber fabrication opens the possibility for fiber bandwidth form 1.3 to 1.6£gm. Cr4+:YAG double-clad crystal fiber (DCF) grown by the co-drawing laser-heated pedestal growth method has a strong spontaneous emission spectrum from 1.3 to 1.6£gm. Such fiber is therefore, eminently suitable for optical coherence tomography (OCT), broadband optical amplifier, amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) light source, and tunable solid-state laser applications. In this thesis, multilayer dielectric thin films were directly deposited by E-gun coating onto the end faces of the Cr4+:YAG DCF. To improve thin-film quality, we can increase transmittance of laser output, and to design for the high power laser. For broadband optical amplifier in dual-pump and double-pass scheme, a 2.8-dB gross gain, a 1.6-dB insertion loss, and a 1.2-dB net gain at 1.4-£gm signal wavelength have been successfully developed with HR coating onto one of the Cr4+:YAG DCF end faces.

Through Value Net Analysis and Co-opetition, we study the reasons why Apple iPhone becomes so successful nowadays. Apple Inc. has changed the ecosystem and the rules of the game, Apple iPhone sells like hot cakes when appearing on the market. Furthermore, the App Store becomes the most popular software shop in recent years. Apple Inc.,a closed ecological system, threatens the telecom companies such as AT&T, and Apple Inc. versus AT&T are complementary with each other. In this case, Apple Inc. wants to use AT&T¡¦s market share to expand its territories; On the other hand, AT&T hopes that the iPhone makes profits to AT&T as well. Therefore, AT&T signs a tie with the Apple iPhone with a 2-year contract, and sells an iPhone to pay for each additional subsidies of USD$ 250-$300 to Apple Inc.. Apple Inc. used the integration of iPod + iTunes software, bringing consumers customized services. Apple Inc. launched an iPhone in 2007 with the concept of iPod + cell phone + Internet, to subvert the traditional cellphone using habits. Apple Inc. would like to fill its product lines, such as, using memory segments (8G, 16G, 32G ...) to distinguish iPhone 4S for high-end markets, iPhone 4 for the middle markets, iPhone 3GS for low-end customers and so forth. Apple Inc. also adopts different pricing, marketing strategies, to bring high added value to its loyal customers. Apple Inc. took a small risk of judo strategy, to turn the incumbent's advantage into obstacles.Apple Inc. was a late mover, only got 10% market share, it still stands on its niche market. Apple Inc. targets on the high-end markets, and differentiates with itself with other players (including NOKIA, MOTOROLA, HTC, SAMSUNG and so on). Apple Inc. changes the scope of game, and redefines the industrial boundaries, so Nintendo and SONY have to face intense competition in few years. Apple Inc. launched App Store, letting different groups of people to join the software application development, in this way Apple Inc. lowers the software price to attract more consumers. Theoritically,that is so-called bilateral market effects (It¡¦s a positive loop between software programmers and consumers). As long as the bilateral market effects get stronger, Apple Inc. will have stronger bargaining power for its suppliers. In order to control the suppliers, Apple Inc. always signs a contract with them or takes part in their shares. Apple Inc. would not only give its suppliers a great amount of single order, but also give same orders in turn between two manufacturers. Under this situation, its suppliers can easily be replaced and Apple Inc. will benefit from this condition. According to reports, Apple Inc. would limit all raw materials of an iPhone and try so hard to cost down in advance, and even follow-up iPhone logistics and maintenance as well. As a result, Apple Inc.¡¦s suppliers do nothing but the OEM jobs for Apple Inc. after all.

caT, a Petri net-based hypertext system, supports the modeling of user characteristics, contextual information, as well as the policies that govern the operation of a digital library within the infrastructure that presents its contents. Traditionally, users have created caT networks from scratch, thus limiting their use to small collections. In this research, we introduce TcAT, a new authoring tool that supports features for component-based authoring, with a view to enable the creation of large caT nets that can represent complex, real-life spaces such as libraries and museums. TcAT supports graphical, template-based creation of nets as well as a textual language for easy manipulation of large structures. It implements composition operations from Petri net theory to select, categorize, and modify existing net fragments as building blocks for composing larger networks. Authors may switch modes between visual and textual authoring at will, thus combining the strengths of expressing large nets textually and selecting net fragments via point-and-click interaction. A user evaluation of the new authoring mechanisms suggests that this is a promising tool for improving the efficiency of experienced users as well as that of novice users, who are unfamiliar with the Petri net formalism.

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