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In this research, using the statistic catch data of northwest pacific Ommastrephes bartrami from the Overseas Fisheries Development council of The Republic of China between 1997 to 2007 and FAO between 1982 to 2007 to conduct and resource assessment on Ommastrephes bartrami. First of all, calculate and compare the equilibrium levels of open access fishery and present value maximization fishery, then evaluate the stock size of Ommastrephes bartrami and compare the equilibrium levels of two models with the statistic readings, the result shows the Ommastrephes bartrami has no sign of depletion. By using sensitivity analysis, we understand the changes on the effort and stock effected by varying different parameters. Finally, by simulating the stock size of open access fishery and present value maximization fishery, we find that unrestricted developing can end up the resources, but Ommastrephes bartrami will receive sustainable development, if it can be effectively managed. And expect that the results can be a management reference for the management of Ommastrephes bartrami fisheries.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has an area of 1.69 million square kilometers. It is the biggest oil producers in the world, and the electricity industry relies heavily on oil. The annually growth request for electricity is around 5%. The price of electricity will be expensive in the next 30 years and there could be a shortage of electricity supply. It is better to use alternative forms of energy to prolong the life of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia. To reduce dependence on oil, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is considering using alternative sources of energy including solar energy and energy wind. Since the wind speed is around 10m/s and in the summer it is full of sunshine; therefore, the renewable energy should play a more important role in future electric power supply of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A hybrid system is proposed in this thesis to study the possible power supply system in the remote areas. Wind information in Dhahran is used in simulations in order to make sure that the system is reliable and appropriate to be used in the remote areas of the country. Economic analysis is also conducted to compare the cost of the hybrid system with that of a 200 km transmission line connected from existing service area.

The study is based on Gordon-Schaefer model, using statistic data from Western and Central Pacific Fishery Commission to estimate the resource stock of Albacore between 1960 and 2009. Compare the equilibrium levels of open access model and present value maximization model with the real data, and the result shows that the real stock is close to the equilibrium of present value maximization model. The thesis uses sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of the changed parameters on stock and effort, and by using real examples to understand the impact of the changed situation on stock and effort. Finally, by simulating the stock of open access fishery and present value maximization fishery and government management nowadays fishery. The result shows the stock of government management fishery is higher than the stock of the present value maximization fishery, and the stock both are closed. The management is conservative and effective, hence the management will make the profit maximize and the resource continue forever to develop.

This study used the Gordon-Schaefer model to discuss the equilibrium levels for bigeye tuna in the Western and Central Pacific of open access and present value maximization. And then to compare the catches and the stocks on the two model¡¦s equilibrium value, the result shows the management of bigeye tuna in the Western and Central Pacific tend to present value maximization model. Following that, this paper did sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of the changed parameters on stock size and effort. Finally, using simulation analysis on open access model and present value maximization model. In open access model, the result shows that resources will face extinction crisis if the fishery is not controlled well. In the present value maximization model, the bigeye tuna would be sustainable management. This result is valuable for the fishery management authorities to maintain the development of fishery and cherishing ocean resources at the same time.

This study used the Gordon-Schaefer model which was extended to Open Access (OA) model and Present Value Maximization (MPV) model to discuss the equilibrium levels for bigeye tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean by purse seine fishery data. I compared the catches and the biomass with the two model¡¦s equilibrium value, and the result showed that the operating mode of bigeye tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean tended to the MPV model, and the bigeye tuna resources were diminishing. In addition, the sensitivity analysis was used in order to understand the impact of various parameter changes on the two fisheries model¡¦s equilibrium value. In the OA model, the change of the price, the cost per unit effort and the catch coefficient would have greater impact on the equilibrium biomass. In the MPV model, the equilibrium biomass was sensitive to the change of the environmental capacity. Finally, in order to understand whether the management of the Western and Central Pacific Commission (WCPFC) was effective, I used simulation analysis in accordance with the catches restriction and effort restriction management strategies. The result showed that the catches restriction strategy which WCPFC established was still not proper enough. It must cut a large number of catches immediately and continue for some time enough to make the resource recover. The effort restriction strategy could make good effect on the bigeye tuna resource recovery.

America's reliance on foreign oil has raised economic and national security issues, and in turn the U.S. has been active in reducing its dependence on foreign oil to mitigate these issues. Also, the U.S. Navy has been instrumental in driving bio-fuel research and production by setting an ambitious goal to purchase 336M gallons of bio-fuel by 2020. The production of microalgae biomass is a promising field which may be able to meet these demands. The utilization of microalgae for the production of bio-fuel requires the implementation of efficient culturing processes to maximize production and reduce costs. Therefore, three discrete rate event simulation models were developed to analyze different scaling scenarios and determine total costs associated with each scenario. Three scaling scenarios were identified by this analysis and included a stepwise, volume batching and intense culturing process. A base case and potential best case were considered in which the culturing duration, lipid content and lipid induction period were adjusted. A what-if analysis was conducted which identified and reduced capital and operational costs contributing greatly to total costs. An NPV analysis was performed for each scenario to identify the risk associated with future cash flows. The research findings indicate that the intense culturing scaling scenario yielded the greatest model throughput and least total cost for both the base case and potential best case. However, this increased productivity and cost reduction were not significantly greater than the productivity generated by the stepwise scaling scenario, suggesting that the implementation of flat plate bio-reactors in the intense culturing process may be non-advantageous given the increased operational costs of these devices. The volume batching scenario yielded the greatest total cost L^-1 of microalgae bio-oil for both, indicating an inefficient process. The scaling scenarios of the base case and potential best case yielded negative NPV's while the stepwise and intense culturing scenarios of the what-if analysis generated positive NPV's. The base case is based on current technological advances, biological limitations and costs of microalgae production therefore, a negative NPV suggests that utilizing microalgae for bio-fuel production is not an economically feasible project at this time.

Virtue is the way to conduct oneself and is the develop guidance and the behavioral principle that lead the people of the past, present, and future to fulfill morals. Decency, well-being, and happiness are the ultimate goals that people seek and are the standards for people to discuss and define behaviors. Therefore, the reason that the becoming of moral people through fulfilling decency is that decency is itself the truth and the highest value among all existences. Decency itself is the concept for all concepts described by Plato, and is spiritual in the rational world. Mankind should avoid being blinded by physical or material values when pursuing values, and should position such pursuing within the spiritual life and metal happiness. Aristotle, however, believes that while a natural person transforms to a moral person, individual¡¦s utmost decency should be dominated by group¡¦s utmost decency. After modern liberalism has prevailed, Hobbes sees human ethics are based on jungle justice, and the evil among interpersonal relationship requires organizing a strong and powerful society to protect oneself and development. Organizing of such society shall break the traditional ethics to establish modern ethics. Despite Locke sees ethics and decency are social customs and compliance of laws, but social customs and laws are not the base, which should be interests and natural rights because interests and natural rights are the foundation, on which the developments of social customs and laws are based. These fundamental base for moral principles is established under free will, and because of mankind¡¦s freedom, ethical behaviors, social responsibilities, and public welfare are developed. Kant, however, believes that virtue comes from primarily good will and sets its position on utmost decency and all values are under utmost decency. Moral principles are, on the other side, unparalleled order, which is absolute, pervasive, and unconditional. Constant says that despite there is difference between freedom of the people of the past and the freedom of the people of present time, but the freedom of the people of the past may not be denied entirely or yearned for because the era now is an open society. Freedom of the past and freedom of present time are equally important. Miller believes that there is not just quantitative difference in happiness, but also qualitative difference. That is, spiritual happiness if far beyond physical happiness. Spiritual happiness is difficult to satisfy and physical happiness is easier to satisfy. Therefore, people who seek for spiritual happiness have stronger pride and do not wish for perish. Hayek says social order is a self-initiated and volunteer order, rather than constructed organized order. Therefore, every person should obey rules for common and righteous behaviors. Such system rules are formed naturally while people interact with each other. Rawls sees justice as the priority decency for social system and is the guiding principle for a society. If ethic does not match with truth, then it must be abandoned or revised. Principles of justice must be constructed from pure procedural justice. Thus it can be seen that the moral and decency of the philosophers listed herein can be concluded that there will be no moral if there is no freedom.

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Abstract This study used the Gordon-Schaefer model to do resource economic analysis on the South Pacific albacore fishery in 1967-2007 . Evaluated the equilibrium standard of open access model and present value maximization model, and then compared them with the real data. The results indicates that the fishing yield, resource stock, effort and catch-per-unit-effort of south Pacific albacore is close to the equilibrium level of present value maximization model after year 2002, which means the South Pacific albacore fishing is under appropriate development. Following that, this paper did sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of the changed parameters on stock size and effort. Finally, using the simulation analysis on open access model and present value maximization model. In open access model, the result shows that resources will face extinction crisis if the fishery is not controlled well. In present value maximization model, the albacore fishery would sustainable management. This result is valuable for the fishery management authorities to maintain the development of fishery and cherishing ocean resources at the same time.