M.A., Journalism and Media Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2006 / The focus of this study is on the coverage of industrial action by the Mail & Guardian between 1999 and 2004. Mainly, the study seeks to understand the coverage of labour issues by the newspaper in post-apartheid South Africa. It is argued that the coverage, or lack of coverage, of labour issues by the paper is related to socio-economic and political conditions in the country. Literature on the influential role the ownership and control of media play in the content of news, as well as the influence of advertising, is analysed to attain a clear understanding of the pattern of coverage of labour news in post-apartheid South Africa. Therefore, the study uses the coverage of industrial action as a yardstick to measure as well as to understand the extent and the shift in editorial content of the newspaper with specific reference to industrial action. The main argument of the study is that the prevailing socio-economic and political conditions in South Africa, brought about by the advent of democracy, coupled with structural limitations play a fundamental role in determining the manner in which working-class issues are currently covered by the Mail & Guardian. It emerges in the study that the manner in which labour news in general and industrial action in particular are covered has shifted and thus replaced in the main by articles on labour politics. The extent to which the Mail & Guardian covers industrial action in the post-apartheid era has declined, and more emphasis is being placed on other beats that are not directly the interests of the poor and the working class.

O objetivo central dessa pesquisa é analisar como foram recebidas em Cuba as notícias relativas às conturbações políticas que despontavam na América de colonização ibérica a partir de 1810 quando a sensação de vazio de poder ocasionado pela substituição de monarquias no trono espanhol, operada pela ocupação napoleônica, deu lugar a uma série de eventos que transformariam de maneira decisiva as relações entre as duas partes do Império. Pretende-se entender a fidelidade cubana à monarquia espanhola e a conseqüente permanência do sistema colonial nesta ilha num contexto de intensas transformações e reordenamento político no mundo ocidental com atenção especial ao mundo iberoamericano -, um caminho que contrasta com a insurgência e guerras independentistas observadas em grande parte dos antigos domínios coloniais ibéricos no Novo Mundo. Para tanto, são analisados periódicos da época a fim de identificar o modo como foram percebidos e noticiados em Cuba tais acontecimentos. A particularidade da escravidão em Cuba forma o prisma para enxergar e entender o porvir político cubano à luz dos eventos acima mencionados. / This research aims to analyze how news regarding political turmoil in Iberian America reached Cuba after 1810, when Napoleons invasion of Spain led to a vacuum power and the beginning of several events that would transform the relationship between the metropole and colonies within the Spanish empire. It seeks to understand Cuban loyalty to Spain and the consequent maintanence of colonialism on the island in a context of intense transformation and political reorganization in the Western world focusing in the Iberian world -, a path that clashes with the insurgencies and independence wars that took place in Spanish America. I analyse the periodical press published in Cuba during those years in order to identify the way such events were sensed and reported in Cuba. The particularity of slavery in Cuba form the prism through which to understand the political future on the insland in light of the such events.

Orientador: José Luis Bendicho Beired / Banca: Carlos Alberto Sampaio Barbosa / Banca: Stella Maris Scatena Franco Vilardaga / Banca: Gabriela Pellegrino Soares / Banca: Katia Gerab Baggio / Resumo: Na segunda metade do século XIX, as revistas culturais na América Latina se configuraram em dispositivos para a conformação de determinadas visões da sociedade, colocando em evidência projetos identitários e discussões acerca da história e da literatura nacionais. A Nueva Revista de Buenos Aires foi um expoente desse tipo de publicação, atuando ativamente na conformação de um nacionalismo cultural na Argentina, mas também distinguindo-se por possuir um viés latino-americano, que seria característico de revistas publicadas nas décadas seguintes. Vicente Quesada e seu filho, Ernesto Quesada, idealizadores e diretores do periódico, buscaram por meio deste, parâmetros para responder uma questão central: havia uma tradição cultural argentina e latino-americana ou seria preciso forjá-la? Objetivamos analisar a elaboração de uma projeto de identidade nacional argentina promovido por Vicente e Ernesto Quesada, bem como a atuação destes intelectuais como mediadores culturais em âmbito latino-americano / Abstract: In the second half of the nineteenth century, the cultural magazines in Latin America highlighting certain visions of society, identity projects and discussions about national history and literature. The Nueva Revista de Buenos Aires was an exponent of this type of publication, acting in the formation of a cultural nationalism in Argentina, but also distinguished by having a Latin American concern, which would be characteristic of magazines published in the following decades. Vicente Quesada and his son, Ernesto Quesada, idealizers and directors of the journal, sought to answer a central question: was there an Argentine and Latin American cultural tradition or would it be necessary to forge it? We aim to analyse the elaboration of a project of Argentine national identity promoted by Vicente and Ernesto Quesada, as wel as the performance of those intellectuals as cultural mediators in Latin American scope / Doutor

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Communication

Esta pesquisa analisa o papel desempenhado pela imprensa luso-americana na criação de um universo geográfico-político referencial entre 1808 e 1822, isto é, no momento crucial de passagem da condição colonial à nacional. Realizar esta epistemologia das cartografias imaginadas significou utilizar-se do método quantitativo para tabular todas as menções, encontradas nos 35 jornais consultados, a diferentes tipos de espaço: hemisférios, oceanos, ilhas, rios, continentes, países, províncias, cidades, vilas e arraiais. A hipótese central aqui sustentada é que os esboços de mapas-múndi daí resultantes projetaram o Brasil de modo inédito, pois os lineamentos políticos que o dotavam de certa singularidade eram reforçados pari passu sua inserção numa nova ordem internacional. De modo que, ao inserir-se num contexto mundial, a própria ideia de um Brasil enquanto corpo político em potencial ia paulatinamente ganhando materialidade. / This research analyses the role played by the Luso-American press in the creation of a geopolitical set of references from 1808 to 1822, that is to say, in the crucial moments of transition from the colonial condition to the national one. Carrying out this epistemology of imagined cartographies meant to make use of the quantitative method to tabulate every mention found in the thirty five newspapers researched made to different categories of space, such as: hemispheres, continents, countries, provinces, cities, hamlets, villages, and campgrounds. The main hypothesis sustained here is that the resulting world maps projected Brazil in a new way, given that its political lineaments that would add some uniqueness to it were strengthened pari passu its insertion in a new international order. In a way that, by entering in a global context, the very idea of Brazil as being able to turn into a political body would slowly become concrete.

The personal and national dimensions of terrorism victimhood lend the victims their unique moral authority and political legitimacy. The analysis of the news media coverage of victims' campaigns, on issues such as memorialization, criminal justice, hostage crises and peace activism, reveals that the more such campaigns are closer in time, space, and relevance to the attack that the victim-advocates underwent, the greater are their chances for positive coverage. Deferential coverage of victims' campaigns reflects journalism's cultural role as reinforcing common values and myths, including by way of portraying victims as heroes. Where victims' campaigns are less related to the physical memory of the attack and more concerned with the military or legal aspects of terrorism, journalists take on their informational role and employ traditional professional standards. Such standards include subjecting victims to potential criticism, and at the very least "balancing" their arguments with official views. In issues where the victims' arguments seem far removed from their personal experience, their influence over the news media is small. This range of journalistic notions is offered under the organizing mechanism of the Experience-Argument Scale. The two extreme ends of the Scale, the "deferential" end and the "disregarding" end, are where journalism's missions are in danger of compromise. Journalism at the "deferential" end is emotional, reluctant to bring forth opposing opinions, and in effect may contribute to policies that are driven more by trauma than by considered opinion. At the other end of the Scale, journalism is deaf to the victims, and fails to enrich policy debates with the lessons of their experience. The comparative examination of coverage in the U.S. and Israel illuminates the different relationships between press and government in these two cultures, and how local responses to victims reflect the particular local history of terrorism, and the particular notions of nationhood, solidarity and patriotism.

This dissertation examines the nature of the American digital public square in the 2010’s, a place where people learn about and come together to discuss matters of public concern. The newly digital public square is a key component of any functional democracy in the twenty-first century. The dissertation seeks to shed light, not only on the capacities of today’s news media institutions to produce and efficaciously distribute news and information and support a capacity for discussion and deliberation that provides a “public intelligence” on matters of concern, but also on the newly enlarged role of the public in new rituals of digestion of such news. The work draws upon multiple systems-focused analyses of the public square, interviews, and analyses of news production, the economics and dynamics facing those who both produce and distribute news, and the broader literature about and studies of the public square. Despite the manifest uncertainty regarding how journalism will be supported and the success of a politics where rhetoric is often untethered to the truth, a temptation still exists to see the changes to the public square in a piecemeal fashion and to assume the institutions, business models, and practices of the future will be minor modifications on or variations of the past. Much scholarship concludes that the patterns of decay and growth in this area will eventually generate equilibria in terms of press freedom, news production, news distribution, and engagement that are familiar, no less efficacious than, and only marginally distinct from those of the latter half of the twentieth century. In his book The Marketplace of Attention, Professor James Webster concludes that “the cultural ballast provided by the old media will remain with us,” and that polarizing forces will meet their match with the forces that concentrate public attention (Webster 2016). In contrast, this dissertation argues that the combination of forces acting upon the digital public square and its emergent dynamics in the late 2010s means it is already functioning in a qualitatively different manner than the largely analogue public square of the past and, as structured, it is increasingly failing to serve individuals, groups, communities, the public writ large, and most importantly our democratic processes. This argument is built on insights from my nearly a decade of work in the media reform community—specifically, from three systems analyses I developed leading the Public Square Program at the Democracy Fund of the dynamics surrounding civic engagement and the production of local news, the dynamics of audience attention, and public trust and press freedom. After making the case for the difference that already exists, the dissertation argues that, without engagement of a wide range of actors (civic, political, and commercial) in support of much-needed changes to institutions, along with policies that will support a renewal of civic media and a focus on new practices more appropriate for the rituals of the digitally and data-infused world we live in, it is entirely possible the public square will fail to adequately support democratic ends. The dissertation concludes with recommendations to avoid this outcome.

Against the background of ‘the global resurgence of democracy' (Diamond and Plattner 1996), and focusing particularly on the democratic waves that swept through Africa in the 90s, scholars have acknowledged the central role of the press in the restoration of democratic governance in Africa. The Nigerian press in particular has been touted as Africa's symbol of a liberal press (Seng and Hunt 1986, Ogbondah 1994). It is said to have played a significant role in the battle against military dictatorship, leading to Wole Soyinka's trophy: the press as ‘magnificent and heroic' (Soyinka 1998). Yet in spite of the ‘adversarial and lively outspokenness' of the press (Olukotun 2002, 2010), the military had a sixteen-year reign. How can this paradox be explained? The thesis explores four military regimes during the sixteen-year period focusing on specific events of national significance in each regime, with a view to establishing what role/s the press played in restoring democracy; and whether it deserved the award of ‘magnificent and heroic'. Methodologically it adopts a critical discourse analysis approach (Fairclough 2013, Van Dijk 1991), particularly analysing headlines, news reports, editorials, photographs, political cartoons and articles; across seven national newspapers and two weekly magazines. Additionally it draws on interviews with state officials and editors with knowledge of the periods to provide a further interpretation of the press at particular historical moments. It opens up the issue of a liberal press to suggest that there are serious questions about the press's relation to the various military regimes and thus the degree to which the press really was ‘magnificent and heroic'. Indeed an argument can be made that much of the press was complicit with these regimes and contributed to delaying the realisation of a democratic rule.

Orientador: Mauro de Souza Ventura / Banca: Angela Maria Grossi / Banca: Alan César Belo Angeluci / Banca: Laan Mendes de Barros / Banca: Denis Porto Reno / Resumo: Inserida no contexto do jornalismo em sua etapa pós-industrial, a reportagem é um dos gêneros que se transforma quando publicada na web, apesar de visíveis permanências em relação aos suportes de publicação predecessores. Aqui, o enfoque se dá nas transformações. Estas ocorrem na esfera da mensagem em si, uma vez que hipertextualidade e convergência alteram significativamente a apresentação informativa, resultando na hipermídia, linguagem naturalmente ajustada ao meio Internet; bem como ocorrem no plano dos arranjos produtivos, em que novas configurações de equipes e rotinas diferenciadas de trabalho se revelam presentes, estando intrinsecamente relacionadas tanto ao cenário atual no qual se encontram as empresas de mídia quanto aos próprios imperativos da hipermídia. Aliado a isso, diante do variado ecossistema midiático contemporâneo, deve-se reiterar que as transformações também estão presentes na etapa de recepção das mensagens, levando, em alguns casos, à elaboração por parte de usuários participativos, pós-recepção, de críticas sobre a mídia. Estas, por sua vez, podem retornar à esfera da produção, provocando direcionamentos diversos; bem como influenciar a própria etapa da recepção de mensagens, algo que vai ao encontro da ideia de que vivemos, hoje, numa sociedade midiatizada. Assim, sob um olhar sistêmico e relacional, considera-se que a partir do objeto de pesquisa - a reportagem hipermídia - desvelam-se inter-relações até então inéditas entre emissor, mensagem, rec... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The report when inserted in the context of journalism in your post-industrial stage, is one of the genres that turns when published on the web, although visible permanence in relation to publication media predecessors. Here, the focus is on the transformations. These transformations occur in the sphere of the message itself, since hypertextuality and convergence significantly alter the informative presentation, resulting in hypermedia, language naturally adapted to the Internet environment; as well as they occur in the plan of productive arrangements, where new configurations of teams and differentiated work routines are present, being intrinsically related to both the current scenario in which the media companies and the hypermedia imperatives meet. Allied to this, in view of the varied contemporary media ecosystem, it must be reiterated that the transformations are also present in the stage of receiving the messages, leading, in some cases, to the elaboration by participatory users, post-reception, of criticism about the media. These criticism can return to the sphere of production, provoking diverse directions; as well as influencing the stage of the reception of messages, something that meets the idea that we live today in a mediatized society. Thus, under a systemic and relational view, it is considered that from the research object - the hypermedia report - uncovered interrelations previously unpublished between emitter, message, receiver and receiver productions. The a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

「社會企業責任」是一個自相矛盾的名詞 ，它擁有無數有可能的意思 -「企業」暗喻賺取利潤，「社會」暗喻很多不同人士關注的不同利益，「責任」暗喻必要及非自願的行動。它是一個非固定的概念。跟據跨媒體議題設定理論，這研究利用內容分析,探討香港兩間本地電力公司如何利用有關社會企業責任的新聞稿影響報章的報道。結果顯示社會企業責任主題的新聞稿並沒有得到報章的重視，報章普遍認為某些對與公眾相關的主題的重要性較高。但關於社會企業責任的描述，例如發生的地區及合作的機構，就與報章的報道有相關性。而與社會企業責任活動有關的持份者及新聞稿中的引述數目與報章報道的次數是沒有關連的。這研究將原本的議題設定理論作出更改，以社會企業責任不同的「主題」代替「議題」為第一層議題設定作出分析；而第二層的分析就以被引用的源頭及引用內容的取態作出分析。。在報章的報道中，不同報章對各個主題的重視程度不一，所以它們報道的取態都有所不同。由於社會企業責任相關的資訊都較為正面，新聞稿是結構性的策略，目的是改變傳媒的行為，希望得到重視。這研究顯示出在新聞選擇、取態及擬訂的過程中，某些因素能取決社會企業責任相關資訊的新聞價值。 / “Corporate social responsibility“ is an oxymoron with multiple possible meanings - “corporate“ implies profit making, “social“ implies a multiplicity of interests and “responsibility implies required, thus involuntary actions. It is a fluid concept. Based on the intermedia agenda setting theory, this study employed content analysis to investigate how the CSR-related news releases published by the two local electricity providers in Hong Kong have contributed to press coverage. The results reflect that the salience of CSR theme is not transferred - the press assigns different degrees of emphasis to themes of higher relevance to the general public. The descriptions using which the CSR information is presented, such as location and the CSR partner with whom the CSR activities were carried out, are found to be significant to the amount of press coverage. However, the stakeholder groups affected by the CSR activities and the number of sources quoted in the news releases are not related to the amount of press coverage. The original agenda setting effects model was revised; apart from measuring CSR theme as the 1st level, the 2nd level was changed - source attributions and the tone of those attributions were studied. In the media agenda, the newspapers differ in their degrees of emphasis assigned to each CSR theme, thus, also vary in the tone of their coverage. Given the distinctive nature of CSR information being mostly positive, news releases are structured efforts intended to push for a behavioral change in the media. This study shows the process involves contingent factors that highlight the measurements of the newsworthy elements of CSR themes during the process of news selection, framing and elaboration. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Tam, Lai Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-148). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.5-11 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Framework on Agenda Setting --- p.12-31 / The Agenda Setting Theory / Intermedia Agenda Setting Effects / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Theoretical Review on CSR Communication --- p.32-57 / What is Corporate Social Responsibility? / The Corporate Agenda / The Public Agenda / The Media Agenda / Research Questions / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Methodology --- p.58-69 / Methods / Sampling / Data Collection / Variables / Statistical Analysis / Revised Framework / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Results --- p.70-94 / The Corporate Agenda / The Media Agenda / Relationships between the Corporate and Media Agendas / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion & Discussion --- p.95-135 / Measuring “Issue“ in CSR Communication / Defining the “Attributes of Issues“ / Defining the “Transfer of Attributes“ / Monitoring Media Coverage / Measuring Consistency within CSR Communication / Contributions to the Intermedia Agenda Setting Research / CSR Communication & Intermedia Agenda Setting / The Media Ecology / Nature of Business & Application to Other Industries / The Hong Kong Context / Limitations / Chapter Chapter 7 --- References --- p.136-148