<p> This report presents a study of the sputtering of vacuum deposited thin films of cadmium sulphide on a (111) face of single crystal silicon by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) technique. Cadmium was found to be preferentially sputtered when bombarded to high fluences of 80 kV Bi+ while no significant preferential sputtering was observed in the case of 40 kV Ar+ bombardment. </p> <p> The structural study by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) revealed that the films grew epitaxially in the wurtzite structure. The epitaxial relations are (00.1) Cds || (111) Si with [10.0] II [110] Si. </p> <p> Scanning electron microscope (SID4) microphotographs showed smooth surface features with a large grain size (surface grain size was ~ 83 nm) for a film of about 60 nm thickness. </p> <p> The basic structure did not change with highest fluences of Bi+ (Sxlo16 ions/cm2 ) and Ar+ (6.7xlo16 ions/cm2). He+ beam channeling was done for unbombarded and bombarded CdS films. It was found that the critical angle of channeling for cadmium increased for bombarded samples while for sulfur the statistics were too poor for any conclusion. </p> <p> Saturation fluences for bismuth and argon retention were observed and are compared with calculated values. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

<p> As part of a CdS-cu2s thin film solar cell research project, a CdS evaporation system was designed and built using an Edwards 19E6 coating unit. With the overall aims of the project in mind, the apparatus was designed as part of a CdS-Cu2s dual, in situ, evaporation system. CdS films, ranging in thickness from lμ to 25μ, produced by this system, were characterized optically, electrically and crystallographically as functions of the various evaporation parameters. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Macro lambda is a parameter for predicting the weight savings for using different material. Macro lambda approximates the response of a thin-walled structure to a change in material thickness. The relationship between macro lambda and weight savings for material substitution is given. The results of nine major joints for a car cab model are given. Two kinds of structural element for weight advantage of aluminum, magnesium and other light materials are given: curved beam in-plane bending, curved beam out-of-plane bending. Bulkhead reinforcement is given for a T-Joint model. The application shows a dramatic reduction of macro lambda for T-Joint x moment and y moment load, which means the weight advantage of light materials is reduced after the reinforcement applied. For the z moment load T-Joint model, adding center layer reinforcement gives the largest reduction of macro lambda and maximum von Mises stress. The bulkhead reinforcement is then used for two car cab joints: B-pillar to rocker joint and hinge pillar to rocker joint. The results indicate that the bulkhead reinforcement near the center area gives the biggest reduction for macro lambda. Micro lambda, which is a value for element level, is introduced. The relationship between micro lambda and force distribution is given. Then it is used for the analysis of the force distribution along curved beam model when the thickness of the model is doubled. The results indicate that the force is redistributed from the corner to center of the flange for the curved beam model. So for curved beam model, light material such as aluminum, magnesium, which is thicker, is more efficiently used than steel. Micro lambda is used for the analysis of B-pillar to rocker joint of a car cab. The result indicates that the maximum micro lambda area is just the area where we apply the optimum bulkhead reinforcement. Micro lambda is also used for the analysis of AISI PNGV bending model. The result shows that the C-pillar area is the major problem area. Several reinforcements for the C-pillar area are given. The result shows that layer 31172 is most important for increasing the stiffness.

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