Studiens syfte var att undersöka relationen mellan självupplevd kunskap av gamification och tredjepersonseffekten (TPE) (En effekt som innefattar att jaget “första person” tror att propaganda eller kommunikation påverkar andra “tredje person” mer än sig själv) samt hur denna påverkar motivationsnivån som gamification försöker höja. Studien omfattade sex deltagare. Tre spelstudenter som har kunskap av gamification och tre konststudenter som inte har kunskap av gamification. Detta är för att se hur den självupplevda kunskapen påverkar TPE och därmed motivationen till att använda applikationen Duolingo som valdes som ett instrument i denna studie för att svara på forskningsfrågan. Där den huvudsakliga forskningsfrågan lyder, hur påverkar den självupplevda kunskapen av gamification motivationsnivån? Som har ytterligare två underfrågor för att besvara den huvudsakliga, hur påverkar den självupplevda kunskapen av gamification tredjepersoneffekten? samt hur påverkar tredjepersoneffekten motivationsnivån? Studien innefattade både en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ del i datainsamlingen där både semistrukturerade intervjuer och enkäter användes. Tematisk analys och ett induktivt sätt användes som dataanalysmetod i denna studie. Denna studie har funnit att den självupplevda kunskapen inte påverkar motivationen. Däremot kunde det inte finnas en TPE i spelstudenternas syn gentemot konststudenterna, där det var evident att spelstudenterna ansåg att alla påverkas av gamification och spelelement. Vidare hittades ingen relation mellan TPE och motivationsnivån även fast studenterna insåg en social distans mellan grupperna. Däremot ansågs inte gamification som något negativt, vilket medför att TPE inte uppkom mellan de två grupperna. Å andra sidan uppkom det en TPE gentemot barn och unga eftersom respondenterna ansåg dessa grupper som mer erfarna av spel, vilket resulterar i att de påverkas mer av de negativa effekterna med applikationens utformning såsom spelberoende, ekonomisk press och otillräcklig information för språkinlärning, samt spelelementen som används i applikationen. Vidare existerade även TPE gentemot personer som är tävlingsinriktade och skulle ha ett stort fokus i tävlingsaspekten av applikationen. / This study aimed to explore the interplay between self-perceived knowledge, gamification, and the thirdperson effect (TPE) (An effect which includes the "first person" believes that propaganda or communication affects other "third person" more than itself) in relation to motivation levels facilitated by gamification elements. Data was collected from six participants, divided into two groups: computer science students specializing in game design at Stockholm University (with knowledge of gamification) and art students at Luleå University (without knowledge of gamification), serving as a comparison group. This division allowed for an analysis of how self-perceived knowledge impacts the third-person effect and subsequent motivation to use the Duolingo phone app. This study aims to explore the relationship between self-perceived knowledge of gamification, motivation levels, and the third-person effect. The main research question guiding this investigation is: "How does self-perceived knowledge of gamification influence user motivation?" Two supporting sub-questions are posed to shed light on this main question: "How does self-perceived knowledge of gamification impact the third-person effect?" and "How does the third-person effect influence user motivation?" By investigating these interrelated factors, this study seeks to provide insights into the complex dynamics between self-perceived knowledge, gamification, motivation, and the third-person effect. The study incorporates a comprehensive qualitative section, employing semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to collect and analyse data. Additionally, a smaller quantitative section employs a survey to assess participants' self-perceived knowledge. The findings indicate no significant evidence of a third-person effect between the computer science and art students. The computer science students believed that gamification affects everyone, regardless of student group. Moreover, the study reveals no correlation between the third-person effect and motivation, despite evident social distance between the groups. Notably, gamification was not perceived as a negative phenomenon or strategy, leading to a diminished occurrence of the third-person effect. However, there was a recognised TPE towards children and young adults due to the respondents considering these groups as more experienced with video games, which results in them being more affected by the negative effects of the applications design. These effects were notably game addiction, financial pressure, and insufficient information for language learning, as well as the game elements used in the application. Furthermore, TPE also existed towards people who are competitive and would have a big focus in the competition aspect of the application.

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本研究是國內第一個以「警政負面新聞」為主題的研究，希望藉由第三人效果的認知假設，探討警政負面新聞的影響。除了探討警察人員對警政負面新聞是否存在所謂的第三人效果之外；並分別從人口變項、議題涉入感、社會距離、職業認同感等變項，探究對警政負面新聞的認知影響，同時也進一步就行為層面上的關係加以剖析。 本研究以服務於全國二十三縣市警察局之現職警察為目標，採用問卷調查法為主，回收並取得八百四十六份有效問卷。資料分析顯示，警政負面新聞對警察人員產生第一人和第三人的效果，受訪警察認為警政負面新聞對於自己的影響大於一般警察，即呈現了所謂的第一人效果；同時又普遍認為警政負面新聞對於一般民眾會產生更大的負面影響，呈現非常明顯的第三人效果。就社會距離而言，警政負面新聞對於一般警察和一般民眾的影響，會隨著與受訪者之間的距離增加而增加。這種社會距離的形成，肇因於不同團體之間的異質性和不確定感。 對於警政議題涉入感方面，研究證實受訪者對警政新聞議題涉入愈高者，普遍認為對自己、一般警察、一般民眾愈會造成負面影響。本研究同時發現警察的職業認同感維持在中度以上，結果顯示職業認同感可以正面預測「對自己的影響」、「對一般警察的影響」、「對一般民眾的影響」三者，即警察的職業認同感愈高，愈傾向認為警政負面新聞的負面影響愈大。受訪者認為警政負面新聞的影響愈大，愈傾向支持媒介限制行動。總的來說，警政負面新聞「對自己的影響」、「對一般警察的影響」、「對一般民眾的影響」等變項，均是預測支持警政機關採取媒介限制行為的顯著變項。 / This thesis is the first study in Taiwan focusing on “negative police news”, attempting to apply the third person effect theory to study the possible impact of negative news coverage of police. This research furthermore investigates several variables, including demographic variables, issue involvement, social distance, and professional identification, and their influence on the perception of negative police news. A relationship of exposure of negative news and support of media regulation is analyzed at the same time. A survey of 846 incumbent officers from twenty-three metropolitan police agencies in Taiwan was conducted. Results show that negative news coverage of police has both first and third person effects on police officers. Officers consider that effects of negative police news have stronger impact on themselves than on other officers. They generally consider that negative police news has more negative influence on the general public. From a viewpoint of social distance, an attitude formed through heterogeneity and uncertainty among different social groups, this study found that effects of exposure to negative police news upon perception of the effect on other officers were more limited than on the general public. From the aspect of issue involvement, the more the officers were involved in negative news issues, the more they consider negative police news has negative effects upon themselves, other officers and the general public. This study also concluded that the higher the professional identification a police officer held, the more she/he tended to consider that negative police news had a stronger impact. We also found that there was a tendency that police officers were more likely to support media regulation. Effects upon oneself, effects upon other police officers, and effects upon the general public of negative news coverage of police, were all variables significantly predicting the support of media regulation.