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Na década de 70 operou-se no IPEN/CNEN-SP uma instalação piloto para estudos do processamento de diferentes concentrados de tório obtidos do tratamento químico da monazita com intuito da obtenção de compostos de tório de pureza nuclear. Esta instalação passou a operar em escala industrial em 1985, gerando em torno de 25 toneladas de resíduo até meados de 2002, quando encerrou suas atividades. Este resíduo contendo tório e terras raras foi denominado Retoter (Resíduo de Tório e Terras Raras) e armazenado no galpão de Salvaguardas do IPEN. O presente trabalho estuda o tratamento deste resíduo, visando questões ambientais, radiológicas e tecnológicas. Estudaram-se dois processos cromatográficos para a separação do tório das terras raras. Um deles, a cromatografia de extração, onde o agente extrator fosfato de tri-n-butila foi suportado em resinas poliméricas Amberlite XAD16. O outro processo, estudado para fins comparativos, já que o material utilizado na cromatografia de extração é inédito no que diz respeito à separação do tório, foi a cromatografia de troca iônica utilizando resinas catiônicas fortes DOWEX 1-X8. Estudou-se, também, o processo cromatográfico de extração com o agente extrator DEHPA suportado em Amberlite XAD16 para o fracionamento, em grupos, dos elementos das terras raras. O tório foi separado com elevado grau de pureza para fins estratégicos e as terras raras recuperadas, livres de tório, foram testadas como catalisadores na reforma de etanol para a geração de hidrogênio, o qual é utilizado em células a combustível para a geração de energia elétrica. / In the 70s a pilot plant for studies of different concentrates processing obtained from the chemical processing of monazite was operated at IPEN / CNEN-SP, with a view to obtaining thorium of nuclear purity. This unity was operated on an industrial scale since 1985, generating around 25 metric tons of residue and was closed in 2002. This waste containing thorium and rare earths was named Retoter (Rejeito de Tório e Terras Raras, in portuguese) and stored in the IPEN Safeguards shed. This paper studies the treatment of the waste, aimed at environmental, radiological and technology. Were studied two cases for the chromatographic separation of thorium from rare earths. One of them was the chromatographic extraction, where the extracting agent tributyl phosphate was supported on polymeric resins Amberlite XAD16. The other method is studied for comparison purposes, since the material used in chromatographic extraction is unprecedented with regard to the separation of thorium, was the ion-exchange chromatography using DOWEX 1-X8 strong cationic resin. Was studied also the chromatographic process of extraction with the extracting agent DEHPA supported on Amberlite XAD16 for the fractionation in groups of rare earths elements. Thorium was separated with high purity for strategic purposes and rare earths recovered free from thorium, were tested as a catalyst for ethanol reforming to hydrogen obtaining which is used in fuel cells for power generation.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15374号 / 工博第3253号 / 新制||工||1490(附属図書館) / 27852 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科原子核工学専攻 / (主査)教授 森山 裕丈, 教授 山名 元, 准教授 佐々木 隆之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

The naturally occurring isotopes 231Pa and 230Th are used as tracers of marine biogeochemical processes. They are both produced from the radioactive decay of their uniformly distributed uranium parents (235U and 234U) in seawater. After production, 231Pa and 230Th are removed by adsorption onto settling particles (scavenging) and subsequently buried in marine sediments. 230Th is more particle reactive compared to 231Pa. Consequently, 230Th will be removed from the open ocean by adsorption onto settling particles, while 231Pa tend to be laterally transported by currents and removed by scavenging in areas of high particle flux (e.g. ocean margins). The primordial 232Th indicates lithogenic supply via rivers and resuspension of sediments, which provides additional information about processes involved in the cycling of particle reactive elements in the ocean. The preferential deposition of particle reactive elements at ocean margins (boundary scavenging) has important implications for our understanding of the distribution and dispersion of micronutrients (e.g. iron) and pollutants in the ocean. It is therefore valuable to understand the nature of boundary scavenging processes in order to evaluate the relative contribution of circulation and scavenging behaviors.The major characteristics of thermohaline circulation in the Mediterranean are well known and have been studied for decades. This sea is an almost land-locked area, where limited water-exchange with the Atlantic Ocean only occurs through the Strait of Gibraltar. Therefore, this marginal sea is often referred to as a “miniature ocean” suitable as a “laboratory” for marine environmental research. In this licentiate thesis, distributions of 231Pa, 230Th and 232Th in seawater and marine particles collected during the GEOTRACES MedSeA-GA04-S cruise in 2013 are presented. Observed nuclide distributions indicate the impact of deep water formation processes, where observed differences can be linked to the type of deep water formation process that occurs in respective basin. Essentially all in-situ produced 230Th is buried in Mediterranean Sea sediments. Despite lower affinity of 231Pa for marine particles, most 231Pa is also scavenged and deposited in Mediterranean Sea sediments. The efficient scavenging of 231Pa produces a relatively low fractionation between 231Pa and 230Th in terms of the fractionation factor FTh/Pa. This licentiate thesis presents a summary of the methods used for the analysis of 231Pa and Th-isotopes with details on the exchange chromatography method and the treatment of mass spectrometric data. The study of 231Pa, 230Th and 232Th in the Mediterranean Sea has important implications for our understanding of processes that control their water column distributions and how their behavior can be utilized to trace chemical flux in modern and past ocean environments. / GEOTRACES / MeDSeA

The ability of the accumulation of thorium and study of the stress responses on his presence was tested on a selected cultivar of tobacco, La Burley 21. Plants were cultivated in Hoagland's hydroponic medium under artificial light. Except to the ability of accumulation and distribution of thorium in the all parts of plant was investigated the effect of selected organic and inorganic additions on accumulation. Among organic substances included citric acid, tartaric and oxalic acid in their presence was observed the increase of thorium in all parts of the plant. Were also tested products from the diamine and polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine and spermidin). These substances, also known for their antioxidant activity in plants, had an impact on reducing the accumulation of thorium, especially in the root system of plants. The most important factor influencing the accumulation of thorium was the absence of phosphate ions in a hydroponic medium, which caused the rise of the concentration of thorium about several levels in all parts of the plants. The initial decrease of pH after additions of organic acids or addition of high concentrations of thorium and the gradual increase of pH during cultivation had proved significant. It was also compared the uptake of accumulation and distribution of...

Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Bibliography: leaves 176-178. / M.S.