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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Infusão contínua de remifentanil em cadelas pré-medicadas com levomepromazina e anestesiadas com tiletamina-zolazepam / Continuous infusion of remifentanil in bitches pre- medicated with levomepromazine and anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam

Pereira, Taciana 24 June 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 374539 bytes, checksum: 2463d9365435a466ae30f295cf7b7dca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-24 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The association tiletamine-zolazepam (T-Z) belongs to a group of drugs that promote a dissociative anesthesia. Remifentanil is a μ-agonist opioid, with great analgesic power, ultra-short action and capacity of increase general anesthetics. The aim of this study was to see the effects of the continuous infusion of remifentanil in dissociative anesthesia by the association T-Z, in bitches under orchiectomy. There were used 20 bitches, randomly distributed in two groups of ten animals each. After 8- hour fast for water and 12-hour fast for food, all the animals received levomepromazina by intravenous route, 1,0mg/kg, as preanesthetic medication. After 15 minutes anesthesia was induced with the association T-Z, with a bolus of 3mg/kg. Group 1 received continuous infusion of saline solution during 45 minutes; Group 2 received continuous infusion of remifentanil, 0,3μg/kg/min, during 45 minutes. The following variables were evaluated: rectal temperature, heart frequency, systolic pressure, respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation, oxyhemoglobin saturation, hemogasometric values of arterial blood, electrocardiogram, analgesia, muscle relaxation, eyelid, corneal, interdigital and laryngo- tracheal reflexes, amount of salivary secretion, duration of induction, surgical anesthesia, total dose and recovery time. The moments established for variable measurements were: Before before preanesthetic medication administration; M1 15 minutes after preanesthetic medication; M2 immediately after anesthetic induction and orotracheal intubation; M3 In the moment of the first ligature (approximately 15 minutes after the beginning of infusion); M4 In the moment of the second ligature (approximately 30 minutes after the beginning of infusion); M5 15 minutes after M4, when the surgery was completed. There was a significant decrease in the rectal temperature in both groups. A significant increase in the heart rate and the systolic pressure was also seen in both groups, but more intensive in G1. The respiratory rate was different in the groups. G1 had an increase and G2 maintained in physiological values. The minute volume had a significant decrease in both groups, but maintained in physiological values. There were no significant differences between the arterial pH in both groups. Initially was a decrease that maintained physiologically stable. No academy was observed in any group. The muscular tonus was considered less intense in G2. G1 showed a higher able time and a lower recovery time when compared to G2. The results allowed the following conclusions: the continuous infusion of remifentanil with the association T-Z was considered satisfactory and demonstrated greater advantages over the anesthesia were the association T-Z was used as a solo agent. / A associação tiletamina-zolazepam (T-Z) pertence ao grupo de drogas que promove anestesia do tipo dissociativa. O remifentanil é um opióide μ-agonista, que apresenta grande poder analgésico, curto tempo de ação e capacidade de potencializar os anestésicos gerais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a infusão contínua de remifentanil em cadelas pré-medicadas com levomepromazina e anestesiadas pela associação T-Z. Foram utilizadas 20 cadelas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de dez animais cada. Após jejum hídrico de 8 horas e alimentar de 12 horas, todos os animais receberam levomepromazina por via intravenosa, na dose de 1,0mg/kg como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA). Decorridos 15 minutos procedeu-se a indução anestésica com a associação T-Z, na dose de 3mg/kg. O Grupo 1 recebeu infusão contínua de solução NaCl 0,9% durante 45 minutos, na velocidade correspondente aos animais do grupo 2 que receberam infusão de remifentanil (0,15ml/kg/min); o Grupo 2 recebeu infusão contínua de remifentanil, na velocidade de 0,3μg/kg/min, durante 45 minutos. Avaliaram-se a temperatura retal, freqüência cardíaca, eletrocardiograma, pressão arterial sistólica, freqüência respiratória, volume minuto, saturação da oxihemoglobina, valores hemogasométricos do sangue arterial, analgesia cirúrgica, com a realização de OSH, miorrelaxamento, reflexos palpebral, corneal, interdigital e laringotraqueal, salivação, período de latência, período hábil, dose total administrada e período de recuperação. Os momentos estabelecidos para mensuração das variáveis foram: Antes Antes da administração da MPA; M1 15 minutos após a MPA; M2 Imediatamente após a indução anestésica e intubação orotraqueal; M3 No momento da ligadura do primeiro pedículo ovariano (aproximadamente 15 minutos após início da infusão); M4 No momento da ligadura do segundo pedículo ovariano (aproximadamente 30 minutos após início da infusão); M5 15 minutos após M4, após o término da cirurgia. Houve queda significativa da temperatura retal em ambos os grupos. Um aumento significativo da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão arterial sistólica também foi observado nos dois grupos porém com maior intensidade no G1. A freqüência respiratória se comportou de maneira diferente nos dois grupos, havendo um aumento no G1 e no G2 a FR manteve-se dentro dos valores fisiológicos. O volume minuto apresentou depressão significativa em ambos os grupos, mas manteve-se dentro dos valores fisiológicos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas do pH do sangue arterial na comparação entre os grupos. Porém houve diminuição inicial, para depois manter-se estável, sendo que os valores permaneceram na faixa de normalidade, não sendo observada acidemia em nenhum dos dois grupos. O miorrelaxamento e analgesia foram considerados mais intensos no G2. O G1 apresentou período hábil maior e recuperação anestésica mais rápida, em comparação ao G2. A avaliação dos resultados permitiu concluir que: a infusão contínua de remifentanil juntamente com a associação T-Z foi considerada satisfatória e demonstrou maiores vantagens quando comparada à anestesia onde a associação T-Z foi utilizada como agente único.
2

Associação cetamina-xilazina, tiletamina-zolazepam, e tiletamina-zolazepam-levomepromazina na anestesia de capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) / Ketamine-xylazine, tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam-levomepromazine combinations in capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) anesthesia

Nishiyama, Shirley Miti 25 March 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 311711 bytes, checksum: 48267fcdfe12df71757945d47f049c6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-03-25 / Despite the great number of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) breedings, this species reproduction, handling, nutrition, diseases and its related agents are still studied. Its study requires chemical immobilization specially when the physical restraint can be a stressing factor for the animal and also risky for the technical team. In practice, the chemical restraint of capybaras is accomplished in an empiric way, using drugs and dosages based on previous handlings, which can result in unexpected, undesirable reactions and even in the animal s death. Thus, the present work had as objectives to evaluate comparatively the effects of the ketamine-xylazine, tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam-levomepromazine combinations as anesthetic agents for capybaras. For that, 30 adult capybaras, males and females, with medium weight of 43 kg, were randomly distributed in three experimental groups of the same number, receiving the following combinations: ketamine 10,0 mg/kg and xylazine 0,5 mg/kg (G1); tiletamine-zolazepam 5,0 mg/kg (G2); tiletamine-zolazepam 5,0 mg/kg and levomepromazine 0,5 mg/kg (G3). The drugs were administered intramuscularly through darts and blowgun, and the doses were calculated in agreement with the estimative weight of the animals. The real dose administered was obtained after immobilization, when the animals allowed the weighing. Respiratory rate; oxyhemoglobin saturation; heart rate; systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure; capillary refill time; rectal body temperature, analgesia and muscular relaxation degree; and reflexes, were evaluated from the moment that the animal allowed the manipulation and after every 15 minutes, until completing 60 minutes. It was concluded that the ketamine-xylazine combination (10,0 and 0,5 mg/kg, respectively) promoted the best tegument analgesia. When the kind of intervention doesn't demand intense analgesia, the dose used with the tiletamine-zolazepam combination (5,0 mg/kg) is enough for about one hour immobilization. The addition of the levomepromazine (0,5 mg/kg) improves analgesia and muscular relaxation, increases both duration of anesthesia and recovery time making the last calmer. For more painful interventions in capybaras, it will be necessary more studies to adjust the dose of the tiletamina-zolazepam, combined or not with the levomepromazine. The use of the levomepromazine hydrochloride at 0,5% for the dilution of the lyophilized form of tiletamine-zolazepam didn't present any inconvenience and was advantageous for use in darts, due to not increase the administered volume. / Apesar do grande número de criadouros da espécie, a capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) ainda é objeto de estudo quanto ao aspecto reprodutivo, ao manejo, à nutrição, e às doenças e agentes a ela relacionados. Seu estudo requer muitas vezes a imobilização química, pois somente a contenção física pode ser fator estressante para o animal e pode colocar em risco a equipe técnica envolvida. A contenção química de capivaras, na prática, é realizada de forma empírica, utilizando-se fármacos e dosagens baseadas em manejos anteriores, que pode resultar em reações inesperadas, indesejáveis e até na morte do animal. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos comparar os efeitos das associações cetamina-xilazina, tiletamina-zolazepam e tiletamina-zolazepam-levomepromazina como agentes anestésicos para capivaras. Foram utilizadas 30 capivaras, de ambos os sexos, adultas, com peso médio de 43 kg, distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais de igual número, que receberam as seguintes associações: 10,0 mg/kg de cetamina e 0,5 mg/kg de xilazina (G1); 5,0 mg/kg de tiletamina-zolazepam (G2); 5,0 mg/kg de tiletamina-zolazepam diluídos em 0,5 mg/kg de levomepromazina (G3). Os fármacos foram administrados pela via intramuscular por meio de dardos e zarabatana, e as doses foram calculadas de acordo com o peso estimado dos animais. A dose real administrada foi obtida após imobilização, no momento em que os animais permitiram a pesagem. Foram mensurados a freqüência respiratória, a saturação da oxiemoglobina, a freqüência cardíaca, as pressões arteriais sistólica, média e diastólica, o tempo de perfusão capilar, a temperatura retal, os graus de analgesia e miorrelaxamento e os reflexos protetores no momento em que o animal permitiu a manipulação e após cada 15 minutos, até completar 60 minutos. Avaliaram-se também os períodos de latência, hábil e de recuperação anestésica. Concluiu-se que a associação cetamina-xilazina (10,0 e 0,5 mg/kg, respectivamente) é a mais adequada para analgesia tegumentar, mas quando o tipo de intervenção não exigir analgesia intensa, a dose utilizada da associação tiletamina-zolazepam (5,0 mg/kg) é suficiente para imobilização por cerca de uma hora. A adição da levomepromazina (0,5 mg/kg) melhora a analgesia, o miorrelaxamento, aumenta os períodos hábil e de recuperação tornando-a mais tranqüila. Para intervenções mais cruentas em capivaras serão necessários mais estudos para adequar a dose da associação tiletamina-zolazepam, combinada ou não com a levomepromazina. A utilização do cloridrato de levomepromazina a 0,5% para diluição da forma liofilizada da tiletamina-zolazepam não apresentou nenhum inconveniente e foi vantajoso para uso em dardos, por não aumentar o volume total a ser administrado.
3

Population demographics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)

McKenzie, Jane, janemckenzie@malpage.com January 2006 (has links)
Assessment of trophic interactions between increasing populations of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and fisheries in southern Australia is limited due to a lack of species specific demographic data and an understanding of the factors influencing population growth. To establish species specific demographic parameters a cross-sectional sample of New Zealand fur seal females (330) and males (100) were caught and individually-marked on Kangaroo Island, South Australia between 2000 and 2003. The seals were aged through examination of a postcanine tooth, which was removed from each animal to investigate age-specific life-history parameters. Annual formation of cementum layers was confirmed and accuracy in age estimation was determined by examination of teeth removed from individuals of known-age. Indirect methods of assessing reproductive maturity based on mammary teat characteristics indicated that females first gave birth between 4-8 years of age, with an average age at reproductive maturity of 5 years. Among reproductively mature females, age-specific reproductive rates increased rapidly between 4-7 years of age, reaching maximum rates of 70-81% between 8-13 years, and gradually decreased in older females. No females older than 22 years were recorded to pup. Age of first territory tenure in males ranged from 8-10 years. The oldest female and male were 25 and 19 years old, respectively. Post-weaning growth in females was monophasic, characterised by high growth rates in length and mass during the juvenile growth stage, followed by a gradual decline in growth rates after reproductive maturity. In contrast, growth in males was biphasic and displayed a secondary growth spurt in both length and mass, which coincided with sexual and social maturation, followed by a rapid decline in growth rates. Age-specific survival rates were high (0.823-0.953) among prime-age females (8-13 yrs of age) and declined in older females. Relative change in annual pup production was strongly correlated with reproductive rates of prime-age females and adult female survival between breeding seasons.

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