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Architectures and Protocols for Performance Improvements of Real-Time NetworksKunert, Kristina January 2010 (has links)
When designing architectures and protocols for data traffic requiring real-time services, one of the major design goals is to guarantee that traffic deadlines can be met. However, many real-time applications also have additional requirements such as high throughput, high reliability, or energy efficiency. High-performance embedded systems communicating heterogeneous traffic with high bandwidth and strict timing requirements are in need of more efficient communication solutions, while wireless industrial applications, communicating control data, require support of reliability and guarantees of real-time predictability at the same time. To meet the requirements of high-performance embedded systems, this thesis work proposes two multi-wavelength high-speed passive optical networks. To enable reliable wireless industrial communications, a framework incorporating carefully scheduled retransmissions is developed. All solutions are based on a single-hop star topology, predictable Medium Access Control algorithms and Earliest Deadline First scheduling, centrally controlled by a master node. Further, real-time schedulability analysis is used as admission control policy to provide delay guarantees for hard real-time traffic. For high-performance embedded systems an optical star network with an Arrayed Waveguide Grating placed in the centre is suggested. The design combines spatial wavelength reuse with fixed-tuned and tuneable transceivers in the end nodes, enabling simultaneous transmission of both control and data traffic. This, in turn, permits efficient support of heterogeneous traffic with both hard and soft real-time constraints. By analyzing traffic dependencies in this multichannel network, and adapting the real-time schedulability analysis to incorporate these traffic dependencies, a considerable increase of the possible guaranteed throughput for hard real-time traffic can be obtained. Most industrial applications require using existing standards such as IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.15.4 for interoperability and cost efficiency. However, these standards do not provide predictable channel access, and thus real-time guarantees cannot be given. A framework is therefore developed, combining transport layer retransmissions with real-time analysis admission control, which has been adapted to consider retransmissions. It can be placed on top of many underlying communication technologies, exemplified in our work by the two aforementioned wireless standards. To enable a higher data rate than pure IEEE 802.15.4, but still maintaining its energy saving properties, two multichannel network architectures based on IEEE 802.15.4 and encompassing the framework are designed. The proposed architectures are evaluated in terms of reliability, utilization, delay, complexity, scalability and energy efficiency and it is concluded that performance is enhanced through redundancy in the time and frequency domains.
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Cache-conscious off-line real-time scheduling for multi-core platforms : algorithms and implementation / Ordonnanceur hors-ligne temps-réel et conscient du cache ciblant les architectures multi-coeurs : algorithmes et implémentationsNguyen, Viet Anh 22 February 2018 (has links)
Les temps avancent et les applications temps-réel deviennent de plus en plus gourmandes en ressources. Les plate-formes multi-cœurs sont apparues dans le but de satisfaire les demandes des applications en ressources, tout en réduisant la taille, le poids, et la consommation énergétique. Le challenge le plus pertinent, lors du déploiement d'un système temps-réel sur une plate-forme multi-cœur, est de garantir les contraintes temporelles des applications temps réel strict s'exécutant sur de telles plate-formes. La difficulté de ce challenge provient d'une interdépendance entre les analyses de prédictabilité temporelle. Cette interdépendance peut être figurativement liée au problème philosophique de l'œuf et de la poule, et expliqué comme suit. L'un des pré-requis des algorithmes d'ordonnancement est le Pire Temps d'Exécution (PTE) des tâches pour déterminer leur placement et leur ordre d'exécution. Mais ce PTE est lui aussi influencé par les décisions de l'ordonnanceur qui va déterminer quelles sont les tâches co-localisées ou concurrentes propageant des effets sur les caches locaux et les ressources physiquement partagées et donc le PTE. La plupart des méthodes d'analyse pour les architectures multi-cœurs supputent un seul PTE par tâche, lequel est valide pour toutes conditions d'exécutions confondues. Cette hypothèse est beaucoup trop pessimiste pour entrevoir un gain de performance sur des architectures dotées de caches locaux. Pour de telles architectures, le PTE d'une tâche est dépendant du contenu du cache au début de l'exécution de la dite tâche, qui est lui-même dépendant de la tâche exécutée avant et ainsi de suite. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de prendre en compte des PTEs incluant les effets des caches privés sur le contexte d’exécution de chaque tâche. Nous proposons dans cette thèse deux techniques d'ordonnancement ciblant des architectures multi-cœurs équipées de caches locaux. Ces deux techniques ordonnancent une application parallèle modélisée par un graphe de tâches, et génèrent un planning statique partitionné et non-préemptif. Nous proposons une méthode optimale à base de Programmation Linéaire en Nombre Entier (PLNE), ainsi qu'une méthode de résolution par heuristique basée sur de l'ordonnancement par liste. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que la prise en compte des effets des caches privés sur les PTE des tâches réduit significativement la longueur des ordonnancements générés, ce comparé à leur homologue ignorant les caches locaux. Afin de parfaire les résultats ainsi obtenus, nous avons réalisé l'implémentation de nos ordonnancements dirigés par le temps et conscients du cache pour un déploiement sur une machine Kalray MPPA-256, une plate-forme multi-cœur en grappes (clusters). En premier lieu, nous avons identifié les challenges réels survenant lors de ce type d'implémentation, tel que la pollution des caches, la contention induite par le partage du bus, les délais de lancement d'une tâche introduits par la présence de l'ordonnanceur, et l'absence de cohérence des caches de données. En second lieu, nous proposons des stratégies adaptées et incluant, dans la formulation PLNE, les contraintes matérielles ; ainsi qu'une méthode permettant de générer le code final de l'application. Enfin, l'évaluation expérimentale valide la correction fonctionnelle et temporelle de notre implémentation pendant laquelle nous avons pu observé le facteur le plus impactant la longueur de l'ordonnancement: la contention. / Nowadays, real-time applications are more compute-intensive as more functionalities are introduced. Multi-core platforms have been released to satisfy the computing demand while reducing the size, weight, and power requirements. The most significant challenge when deploying real-time systems on multi-core platforms is to guarantee the real-time constraints of hard real-time applications on such platforms. This is caused by interdependent problems, referred to as a chicken and egg situation, which is explained as follows. Due to the effect of multi-core hardware, such as local caches and shared hardware resources, the timing behavior of tasks are strongly influenced by their execution context (i.e., co-located tasks, concurrent tasks), which are determined by scheduling strategies. Symetrically, scheduling algorithms require the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of tasks as prior knowledge to determine their allocation and their execution order. Most schedulability analysis techniques for multi-core architectures assume a single WCET per task, which is valid in all execution conditions. This assumption is too pessimistic for parallel applications running on multi-core architectures with local caches. In such architectures, the WCET of a task depends on the cache contents at the beginning of its execution, itself depending on the task that was executed before the task under study. In this thesis, we address the issue by proposing scheduling algorithms that take into account context-sensitive WCETs of tasks due to the effect of private caches. We propose two scheduling techniques for multi-core architectures equipped with local caches. The two techniques schedule a parallel application modeled as a task graph, and generate a static partitioned non-preemptive schedule. We propose an optimal method, using an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation, as well as a heuristic method based on list scheduling. Experimental results show that by taking into account the effect of private caches on tasks’ WCETs, the length of generated schedules are significantly reduced as compared to schedules generated by cache-unaware scheduling methods. Furthermore, we perform the implementation of time-driven cache-conscious schedules on the Kalray MPPA-256 machine, a clustered many-core platform. We first identify the practical challenges arising when implementing time-driven cache-conscious schedules on the machine, including cache pollution cause by the scheduler, shared bus contention, delay to the start time of tasks, and data cache inconsistency. We then propose our strategies including an ILP formulation for adapting cache-conscious schedules to the identified practical factors, and a method for generating the code of applications to be executed on the machine. Experimental validation shows the functional and the temporal correctness of our implementation. Additionally, shared bus contention is observed to be the most impacting factor on the length of adapted cache-conscious schedules.
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Wellness centrum Jinačovice, stavebně technologická příprava stavby. / Wellness centre Jinačovice, civil technological project.Rada, Stanislav January 2014 (has links)
The subject of this thesis is also dealt with construction of the second phase of the congress and wellness centre in Jinačovice. The work includes technical report, time and financial plan, project site equipment, technical regulations, inspection and test plans, implementation of technology water impermeable concrete
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Stavebně technologický projekt lékárny v areálu FN Olomouc / Construction and technological project of pharmacy in the area of University hospital OlomoucHomolová, Sandra January 2015 (has links)
The subject of my thesis is the technology of pharmacy building in the area of University Hospital Olomouc. I deal especially with foundation of the building on bored piles and cast-in-place concrete structures. The work includes engineering reports, time scheduling of the building, itemized budget, site equipment, health and safety plan, two technological prescriptions and two inspection and test plans. The last chapter is devoted to the contract for work.
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Mechanismy plánování RT úloh při nedostatku výpočetních a energetických zdrojů / Mechanisms for Scheduling RT Tasks during Lack of Computational and Energy SourcesPokorný, Martin January 2012 (has links)
This term project deals with the problem of scheduling real-time tasks in overload conditions and techniques for lowering power consumption. Each of these parts features mechanisms and reasons for their using. There are also described specific algorithms, that are implemented, in operating system uC/OS-II, and compared in next phase of master's thesis.
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