The purpose of this thesis has been the determination of the nature and cause of time-softening property of the lead-tin alloys in the solid solution range. An alloy of 19% tin, 81% lead was chosen as exhibiting the property to a degree suitable for observation of the accompanying phenomena. The investigation proceeded in three parts: (1) an observation of the time-softening property itself by means of series of hardness tests to determine the degree of change and the time required for its accomplishment; (2) a search for x-ray evidence of possible precipitation which might be apparent as a change in the lattice constant of the crystal; and (3) conductivity measurements as a further check on whether the solution concentration was changing. The results accordingly may be classified under the same three headings. The change in hardness of the lead-tin alloy under investigation is intimately related to its habit of precipitating some of the excess tin from the solid solution. Both the x-ray and the conductivity test results offer supporting evidence that precipitation does occur in conjunction with the softening effect. Apparently also the softening effect observed in the lead-tin alloy is a definite phenomenon distinct from the “over-aging” effect in which an alloy aged at high temperature increases rapidly in hardness until a certain critical hardness is reached, after which softening sets in. / M.S.

Zinn- und Zinnlegierungsschichten wurden mittels einer Magnetronquelle auf CuSn6- Substrate aufgebracht. Durch Wahl geeigneter Legierungspartner (Al. Ti), die galvanisch nicht abscheidbar sind, konnten Schichtwerkstoffe mit neuen Eigenschaften hergestellt und hinsichtlich einer Eignung als Kontaktveredelung geprüft werden. Verantwortlich dafür ist eine Umwandlung der grobkristallinen, durch säulenförmige Kristallite geprägten in eine feinkristalline dichte, zur Oberfläche parallel orientierte Struktur.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Dr. C. P. Wong; Committee Member: Dr. Boris Mizaikoff; Committee Member: Dr. Rigoberto Hernandez; Committee Member: Dr. Z. John Zhang; Committee Member: Dr. Z.L. Wang.

Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-71). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

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Two types of solder samples, pins and through-holes were tested by SERA™ (Sequential Electrochemical Reduction Analysis) and Wetting Balance after various length of steamaging treatment. It was shown that after steam-aging, both types of specimen gave a similar electrochemical reduction curve, and solderabilty predictions made from SERA™ test agree with results obtained from Wetting Balance test on a qualitative base. Wetting balance test of pin samples after SERA™ test confirmed that SERA™ is a non-destructive testing method -- it even restored solderability. Comparison of electrochemical reduction behavior of samples under different treatment indicates that steam-aging can not reproduce exactly the effect of naturally atmospheric aging, and may not be the best artificial accelerating environment adopted.

Zinn- und Zinnlegierungsschichten wurden mittels einer Magnetronquelle auf CuSn6- Substrate aufgebracht. Durch Wahl geeigneter Legierungspartner (Al. Ti), die galvanisch nicht abscheidbar sind, konnten Schichtwerkstoffe mit neuen Eigenschaften hergestellt und hinsichtlich einer Eignung als Kontaktveredelung geprüft werden. Verantwortlich dafür ist eine Umwandlung der grobkristallinen, durch säulenförmige Kristallite geprägten in eine feinkristalline dichte, zur Oberfläche parallel orientierte Struktur.