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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Nanostructured titanium oxide as active insertion material for negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries

Fehse, Marcus 08 October 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Titania based electrode materials are promising candidates to replace widely used graphite as negative electrode material in lithium ion batteries (LIB), due to their increased safety, volumetric capacity, and high rate performance.In this thesis different low-cost synthesis approaches are evaluated to prepare nanostructured TiO2 with various phase composition and morphology. The influence of these parameters on its ability to reversibly insert lithium are studied in electrochemical measurements. In this regard we also investigated the effect of aliovalent doping and porous structures on the insertion properties of two main polymorphs of TiO2, Anatase and TiO2(b), revealing encouraging results in overcoming the low charge transfer, which is the main drawback of titanium oxide based materials.In order to understand the mechanism of lithium storage process of the two synthesized TiO2 phases, diffraction and spectroscopic characterization methods were carried out under operando conditions. We show that, regardless of their chemical similarity, both phases reveal very different lithium insertion processes, leading to distinct electrochemical cycling properties.Another field of interest is the adaptation of electrode components to the nanostructured TiO2 active insertion material. The choice of binder, carbon additive, and electrolyte components can have significant impacts on the performance. Especially the origin and prevention of parasitic side reactions were in the focus of our work, as these pose an under estimated hindrance in the application of titania based electrode materials in LIB.
32

Propriedades analíticas de materiais a base de sílica e óxido de titânio modificados /

Pipi, Angelo Ricardo Fávaro. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Devaney Ribeiro do Carmo / Banca: Newton Luiz Dias Filho / Banca: Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta a preparação e caracterização de uma sílica micelar template modificada com Ti(IV), e posterior reação em H3PO4. O produto formado, chamado de SMT-2, foi caracterizado por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), difração de Raios X (DRX), análise de área superficial e porosidade. Este material não adsorveu metais e sim compostos fenotiazínicos. Uma caracterização dos compostos fenotiazínicos nas cavidades da SMT-2 foi realizada empregando técnicas de FTIR, termogravimetria e voltametrica cíclica. O voltamograma cíclico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite modificado apresentou dois pares redox com potencial padrão (E0'), onde E0' = (Epa+Epc)/2, 0,09 V para o pico I e 0,42 V para o pico II (v=50 mV s-1; solução tampão Britton-robinson; pH 2) versus Ag/AgCl que foi atribuído ao monômero e dímero do azul de orto toluidina nas cavidades da SMT-2, estes resultados foram análogos ao azul de metileno e azure A. Em uma segunda etapa, preparou-se óxido de titânio seguindo uma nova metodologia de síntese. Por analogia a SMT-2, o material preparado foi modificado com H3PO4, que foi descrito como TiP, e contrariamente ao SMT-2, o material apresentou capacidade de adsorver íons metálicos (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+). Após a caracterização do TiP pelas técnicas supracitadas, efetuaram-se os estudos de adsorção de íons de Co2+, Cu2+ e Ni2+ em meio aquoso, etanol/água (42%) e etanol (99%) onde se determinou para estes metais os respectivos tempos de equilíbrio de sorção. Após a determinação do tempo de equilíbrio para a adsorção dos íons metálicos em cada sistema, determinou-se a capacidade específica de sorção (NfMax) através de isotermas de sorção. Para o Co2+, os valores de Nf foram: em meio aquoso (4,95 x 10-4 mol g-1), etanol/água 42% (6,09 x 10-4 mol g-1) e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work presents the preparation of a micellar template silica modified with Ti (IV), and subsequent reaction with H3PO4. The product formed, called SMT-2, was characterized by spectroscopy in infrared region (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis and porosity. This material did not adsorbed metals but adsorbed phenothiazine compounds. A characterization of phenothiazine compounds in the wells of SMT-2 was performed using techniques of FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis and cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of modified graphite paste electrode showed two redox couples with standard potential (E0'), where E0' = (Epa + Epc) / 2, 0.09 to peak I and 0.42 to peak II ( v = 50 mV s-1 BR solution, pH 2) vs. Ag / AgCl which was assigned to the monomer and dimer of ortho toluidine blue into the wells of SMT-2, these results were similar to methylene blue and azure A. In a second step, prepared titanium oxide following a new methodology for synthesis. By analogy of SMT-2, the prepared material was modified with H3PO4, which was abbreviated as TiP, contrary to the SMT-2, the material shows the ability to adsorb metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+). After characterizing the TiP by the techniques described above, were conducted studies of ion adsorption of Co2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ in water, ethanol/water (42%) and ethanol (99%) which was determined for these metals their equilibrium times sorption. After determining the equilibrium time for adsorption of metal ions in each system, we determined the specific sorption capacity (NfMax) through sorption isotherms. For the Co2+, the values of Nf were in water (4.95 x 10-4 mol g-1), ethanol/water 42% (6.09 x 10-4 mol g-1) and ethanol 99% (3.00 x 10-4 mol g-1), with concentrations of Co2 + ions ranging from 9.03 to 18.63 x 10-4 mol L-1. As for the Cu2 + these values were: in water... (Summary complete electronic access click below) / Mestre
33

Propriedades analíticas de materiais a base de sílica e óxido de titânio modificados

Pipi, Angelo Ricardo Fávaro [UNESP] 08 April 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:53:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pipi_arf_me_ilha.pdf: 5601014 bytes, checksum: e6e8165f62f904c9ebc3d807bad047c8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho apresenta a preparação e caracterização de uma sílica micelar template modificada com Ti(IV), e posterior reação em H3PO4. O produto formado, chamado de SMT-2, foi caracterizado por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), difração de Raios X (DRX), análise de área superficial e porosidade. Este material não adsorveu metais e sim compostos fenotiazínicos. Uma caracterização dos compostos fenotiazínicos nas cavidades da SMT-2 foi realizada empregando técnicas de FTIR, termogravimetria e voltametrica cíclica. O voltamograma cíclico do eletrodo de pasta de grafite modificado apresentou dois pares redox com potencial padrão (E0’), onde E0’ = (Epa+Epc)/2, 0,09 V para o pico I e 0,42 V para o pico II (v=50 mV s-1; solução tampão Britton-robinson; pH 2) versus Ag/AgCl que foi atribuído ao monômero e dímero do azul de orto toluidina nas cavidades da SMT-2, estes resultados foram análogos ao azul de metileno e azure A. Em uma segunda etapa, preparou-se óxido de titânio seguindo uma nova metodologia de síntese. Por analogia a SMT-2, o material preparado foi modificado com H3PO4, que foi descrito como TiP, e contrariamente ao SMT-2, o material apresentou capacidade de adsorver íons metálicos (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+). Após a caracterização do TiP pelas técnicas supracitadas, efetuaram-se os estudos de adsorção de íons de Co2+, Cu2+ e Ni2+ em meio aquoso, etanol/água (42%) e etanol (99%) onde se determinou para estes metais os respectivos tempos de equilíbrio de sorção. Após a determinação do tempo de equilíbrio para a adsorção dos íons metálicos em cada sistema, determinou-se a capacidade específica de sorção (NfMax) através de isotermas de sorção. Para o Co2+, os valores de Nf foram: em meio aquoso (4,95 x 10-4 mol g-1), etanol/água 42% (6,09 x 10-4 mol g-1) e... / This work presents the preparation of a micellar template silica modified with Ti (IV), and subsequent reaction with H3PO4. The product formed, called SMT-2, was characterized by spectroscopy in infrared region (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis and porosity. This material did not adsorbed metals but adsorbed phenothiazine compounds. A characterization of phenothiazine compounds in the wells of SMT-2 was performed using techniques of FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis and cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of modified graphite paste electrode showed two redox couples with standard potential (E0'), where E0' = (Epa + Epc) / 2, 0.09 to peak I and 0.42 to peak II ( v = 50 mV s-1 BR solution, pH 2) vs. Ag / AgCl which was assigned to the monomer and dimer of ortho toluidine blue into the wells of SMT-2, these results were similar to methylene blue and azure A. In a second step, prepared titanium oxide following a new methodology for synthesis. By analogy of SMT-2, the prepared material was modified with H3PO4, which was abbreviated as TiP, contrary to the SMT-2, the material shows the ability to adsorb metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+). After characterizing the TiP by the techniques described above, were conducted studies of ion adsorption of Co2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ in water, ethanol/water (42%) and ethanol (99%) which was determined for these metals their equilibrium times sorption. After determining the equilibrium time for adsorption of metal ions in each system, we determined the specific sorption capacity (NfMax) through sorption isotherms. For the Co2+, the values of Nf were in water (4.95 x 10-4 mol g-1), ethanol/water 42% (6.09 x 10-4 mol g-1) and ethanol 99% (3.00 x 10-4 mol g-1), with concentrations of Co2 + ions ranging from 9.03 to 18.63 x 10-4 mol L-1. As for the Cu2 + these values were: in water... (Summary complete electronic access click below)
34

Caracterização de filmes finos de oxido de titanio obtidos atraves de RTP par aplicação em ISFETs / Characterization of thin titanium oxite films for ISFET application

Barros, Angélica Denardi de, 1982- 08 December 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Jose Alexandre Diniz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T04:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros_AngelicaDenardide_M.pdf: 3382435 bytes, checksum: 06e6858052deff3336f5e44a60b55e08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a caracterização de filmes finos de óxido de titânio para aplicação em transistores de efeito de campo sensíveis a íons, do inglês ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs). Para isso, filmes finos de titânio de diferentes espessuras foram depositados através de uma evaporadora por feixe de elétrons sobre substrato de silício. Posteriormente, estes filmes foram oxidados e recozidos utilizando diferentes temperaturas através de um forno de processamento térmico rápido, do inglês rapid thermal process (RTP). Os filmes de óxido de titânio (TiOx) foram então caracterizados de forma estrutural através das técnicas Elipsometria, Espectroscopia Infravermelho, Espectroscopia RAMAN, Microscopia de Força Atômica e Espectroscopia de Retroespalhamento Rutheford. Dependendo da temperatura do patamar de tratamento térmico, foram obtidos filmes com diferentes concentrações de oxigênio, o que influenciou na espessura final, no índice de refração, na rugosidade da superfície e nos contornos de grão da superfície dos filmes. Através da caracterização estrutural foi possível verificar a formação de filmes de TiOx compostos principalmente da estrutura cristalina rutilo do TiO2, mas que também apresentaram a estrutura cristalina anatase, além da formação de uma fina camada de Ti2O3 e SiO2 entre o substrato de silício e o filme de TiOx. A caracterização elétrica realizada através da análise das curvas I-V e C-V, obtidas a partir de capacitores confeccionados através da deposição de eletrodos de aluminio (Al/Si/TiOx/Al), demostraram a obtenção de dielétricos de boa qualidade com valores de constante dielétrica entre 12 e 33, densidade de carga na interface da ordem de 1010/cm2 e densidade de corrente de fuga entre 1 e 10-4 A/cm2. Transistores de efeito de campo foram confeccionados para a obtenção de curvas IDxVDS e log IDxTensão. Foi encontrado valor de tensão de Early igual a -1629V, resistência de saída, ROUT, igual a 215MO e slope de 100mV/dec para o dielétrico de TiOx obtido com tratamento térmico em 960°C. O filme de TiOx tratado térmicamente em 600°C foi testado como sensor através de medidas C-V adaptadas e apresentou deslocamento da VFB em função da variação do pH da solução testada, apresentando potencial como sensor de pH. / Abstract: This work presents the characterization of thin titanium oxide films as potential dielectric to be applied in ion sensitive field effect transistors. The films were obtained through rapid thermal oxidation and annealing of titanium thin films of different thicknesses deposited by Ebeam evaporation on silicon wafers. These films were analyzed by Ellipsometry, Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy. The final thicknesses of the thin films, roughness, surface grain countors, refractive indexes and oxigen concentration depend on the oxidation and annealing temperature. Structural characterization showed the presence of other oxides such Ti2O3, an interfacial SiO2 layer between the dielectric and the substrate and the anatase crystalline phase of TiO2 films besides the mainly found crystalline phase rutile. Electrical characterizations were obtained through I-V and C-V curves of Al/Si/TiOx/Al capacitors. These curves showed that the films had high dielectric constants between 12 and 33, interface charge density about 1010/cm2 and leakage current density about 1 and 10-4 A/cm2. Field effect transistors were made in order to analyze IDxVDS and log IDxBias curves. Early tension value of -1629V, ROUT value of 215MO and slope of 100mV/dec were calculated for the TiOx thin film thermally treated with 960°C. The TiOx thin film thermally treated with 600°C was successfully tested as pH sensor through adapted C-V measurements, which showed shifts in the VFB according to the H+ concentration in tested solutions. / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
35

Efeito da nanoestruturação de óxidos semicondutores suportados em matrizes mesoporosas sobre a atividade fotocatalítica / Effect of the nanostructure of semiconductor oxides supported on mesoporous matrices over the photocatalytic activity

Strauss, Mathias, 1982- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Ítalo Odone Mazali / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T16:18:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Strauss_Mathias_D.pdf: 3061068 bytes, checksum: 3c7300ded2447af1ac677b59a5b1654c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Materiais baseados no óxido de titânio (TiO2) são bastante explorados no desenvolvimento de tecnologias ambientalmente amigáveis que utilizam a radiação solar para a remediação de poluentes atmosféricos e na água, bem como na geração de energia. Aspectos relacionados aos efeitos da nanoestruturação sobre a atividade fotocatalítica do TiO2 são amplamente discutidos na literatura. Dentro deste contexto, a presente tese teve como objetivos centrais estudar os efeitos da cristalinidade, tamanho de cristalito e dopagem com metais de transição de nanopartículas de TiO2 suportadas em sílicas mesoporosas sobre atividade fotocatalítica. Foram utilizados dois protocolos distintos de síntese: método sol-gel (para estudo do efeito da cristalinidade) e método de ciclos de impregnação-decomposição (para estudo do efeito do tamanho de cristalito e dopagem com metais de transição). As propriedades estruturais, ópticas e eletrônicas das nanopartículas de TiO2 foram caracterizadas principalmente por difratometria de raios X e espectroscopias Raman (aplicada ao Modelo de Confinamento de Fônons) e UV-vis (aplicada ao Modelo de Aproximação da Massa Efetiva). A atividade fotocatalítica dos materiais foi avaliada quanto à fotodescoloração de azul de metileno, fotodegradação de ácido salicílico, fotogeração de radicais hidroxila e/ou fotooxidação de iodeto. Os materiais sintetizados a partir da rota sol-gel seguida por tratamento térmico em diferentes temperaturas permitiram o entendimento dos efeitos da cristalinidade de nanopartículas de TiO2 de tamanho fixo sobre a atividade fotocatalítica. Nanopartículas de baixa cristalinidade apresentaram menor ordem e maior quantidade de defeitos estruturais que atuaram como sítios de aprisionamento e recombinação dos portadores de carga diminuindo a atividade fotocatalítica. Quanto a influência do tamanho de cristalito, o aumento no tamanho diminuiu o valor em energia da banda proibida e aumentou a faixa de absorção do espectro UV-vis dos materiais, o que aumentou a capacidade de fotogeração de radicais OH. Por outro lado, o aumento do tamanho das nanopartículas leva também a uma redução na razão aréa superficial/volume das nanopartículas de TiO2 que trouxe redução na atividade catalítica, frente as reações de fotodescoloração de azul de metileno e fotodegradação de ácido salicílico, deixando clara a dependência com os mecanismos de adsorção e dessorção dos reagentes e produtos na superfície do fotocatalisador. A dopagem das nanopartículas de TiO2 com diferentes metais de transição (Mn, Co, Zn, Ce, Cu, Mo, Ni e Sn) promoveu a redução no valor da banda proibida e aumento na absorção de luz na região do visível. A fotooxidação de I- pelas nanopartículas de TiO2 dopadas mostrou-se fortemente dependente da formação de defeitos pontuais e distorções estruturais que são responsáveis pelo aprisionamento e recombinação dos elétrons e buracos / Abstract: Titanium oxide (TiO2) based material are much explored in the development of environmental friendly technologies that use the solar radiation to mitigate atmospheric and water pollutants, and on energy generation. Aspects related to the nanostructure of the TiO2 over its photocatalytic activity had been widely discussed in the literature. In this context, this thesis has as main objective studing the effects of the cristallinity, cristallite size and transition metals doping of TiO2 nanoparticles supported in mesoporous silicas over the photocatalytic activity. Two distinct synthesis protocols were used: sol-gel method (to study the cristallinity effects) and the impregnation and decomposition cycles method (to study the cristallite size and transition metal doping effects). The structural, optical and electronic properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles were studied using mainly X ray diffractometry, and Raman (applied to the Phonons Confinament Model) and UV-vis (applied to the Effective Mass Approximation Model) spectroscopies. The photocatalytic activity of the materials were tested against the photodecolorization of methylene blue, photodegradation of salycilic acid, photogeneration of OH radicals and/or photooxidation of I-. The material synthesized using the sol-gel route followed by thermal treatment permitted the understanding of the cristallinity effects of size-fixed TiO2 nanoparticles over the photocatalytic activity. Nanoparticles with low cristallinity presented lower structural order and higher number of structural defects that acted as trapping and recombination sites lowering the photocatalytic activity. Regarding the influence of the crystallite size, the increase in size decreased the band gap energy value and enhanced the UV-vis absorption range of the materials, that resulted in an enhanced OH radicals photogeneration capacity. By the other side, the increase in the particle size lead also to a reduction of the surface area/volume ratio of the TiO2 nanoparticles that brought reduction in the catalytic activity at the photodecolorization of methylene blue and photodegradation of salycilic acid reactions, letting clear its dependency with the adsorption and dessorption mechanisms of the reagents and products on the photocatalyst surface. Doping the TiO2 nanoparticles with different transition metals (Mn, Co, Zn, Ce, Cu, Mo, Ni e Sn) resulted in band gap lowering and enhancement of the visible radiation absorption. The photooxidation of I- had shown strong dependence with the generation of punctual defects and structural distortions that are responsible for the electrons and holes trapping and recombination / Doutorado / Quimica Inorganica / Doutor em Ciências
36

Production and evaluation of a TiO2 based 68Ge/68Ga generator

Buwa, Sizwe January 2014 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / 68Ge/68Ga generators rely on metal oxide, inorganic and organic sorbents in order to prepare radionuclides useful for clinical applications. The requirements for 68Ge/68Ga generators are that the 68Ga obtained from the 68Ge loaded column should be optimally suited for the routine synthesis of 68Ga-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, that the separation of the 68Ga daughter from the 68Ge parent should happen easily, with a high yield of separation, a low specific volume of 68Ga and should not contain trace elements owing to the solubility of the metal oxide sorbent. Beginning with a metal oxide preparation and continuing through recent developments, several approaches for processing generator derived 68Ga have altered the production of 68Ge/68Ga generators. Still, the effects of sorbent modification on the properties of 68Ge/68Ga radionuclide generator systems are not necessarily optimally designed for direct application in a medical context. The objective of this research was to analyze and document characteristics of Titanium Oxide (TiO2) sorbents relevant to processing of a 68Ge/68Ga generator that is able to produce 68Ga eluates that are adequate for clinical requirements. Interest was shown in TiO2 based 68Ge/68Ga generators by a number of overseas companies for tumour imaging using 68Ga-labelled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-conjugated peptides. While a method involving production of the 68Ga radionuclide using TiO2 metal oxide had been published, problems with the production persisted. A method, using TiO2 metal oxide for ion exchange chromatography, was devised in this study to produce the 68Ga radionuclide, with the aim of being adopted for production purposes. The study focuses on the development of a dedicated procedure for the achievement of sufficient 68Ga yield along with low 68Ge breakthrough and low metallic impurities. Literature from 1970 to 2011 was reviewed to assess the radiochemical aspects of the 68Ga production and processing thereof. Various commercially available TiO2 metal oxides were characterized by subjecting the materials to x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for quantitative and qualitative analysis.
37

Synthèse et caractérisation de titanates mésoporeux organisés / Synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous titanates

Assaker, Carine 18 September 2014 (has links)
Dans ce travail, les propriétés des oxydes de titane mésoporeux organisés ont été étudiées en détail. La synthèse de ces matériaux a été mise au point auparavant au laboratoire à l’aide d’une méthode combinant le mécanisme transcriptif à partir des cristaux liquides du copolymère bloc P123 et la méthode EISA. Tout d’abord, une optimisation des conditions d’élimination du tensioactif a été effectuée en testant des méthodes d’extraction à partir de solvant et des méthodes thermiques. L’élimination du P123 par l’eau suivie d’un rinçage à l’acétone est efficace, simple et rapide et en même temps favorise la formation de la phase anatase du TiO2. Par contre, les propriétés photocatalytiques de ces TiO2 extraits à l’eau sont médiocres et ne sont améliorées qu’après calcination. En combinant une extraction du P123 à l’eau avec une calcination les oxydes de titane mésoporeux possédent une meilleure activité photocatalytique que celle de l’anatase commercial. Dans un second temps l’incorporation du zinc et du tungstène dans les TiO2 mésoporeux organisés a été investie dans le but d’améliorer leur activité photocatalytique. L’introduction de faibles quantités de zinc (<10% mol) augmente la surface spécifique ; au-delà la mésostructuration est perdue. L’incorporation du tungstène dans le TiO2 mésoporeux n’a pas d’influence sur l’organisation des mésopores, mais des agrégats de WO3 orthorhombique coexistent avec le réseau mésoporeux de TiO2 anatase. Même si la présence d’oxyde de zinc ou de tungstène dans la matrice TiO2 mésoporeux diminue bien l’énergie bandgap, l’activité photocatalytique ne s’en trouve pas améliorée. D’autre part, la synthèse de matériaux à porosité bimodale, en utilisant deux systèmes mixtes de tensioactifs hydrogéné/fluoré, CTABr/RF8(EO)9 et P123/ RF8(EO)9, a été explorée. Sur la base des diagrammes de phase de ces deux systèmes dans l’eau, les solutions micellaires et les cristaux liquides ont été investis pour préparer des silices mésoporeuses en utilisant les deux mécanismes CTM et LCT. Quand le CTABr est présent une seule taille de pores dans le domaine mésoporeux est observée, toutefois il est possible qu’une bimodalité de type micro-mésopores existe. Par contre, l’utilisation de la phase hexagonale du système P123/RF8(EO)9 permet d’obtenir des matériaux à deux tailles de pores distincts dans le domaine mésoporeux. / In this work we will study in detail the properties of the mesoporous TiO2 materials, for which the preparation was developed previously via a method combining Liquid Crystal Templating (LCT) and EISA mechanisms, using P123 as template. We have tested, in the first time, extraction and thermal methods efficiency to eliminate surfactant in order to optimize the P123 elimination step. Removal of P123 using water followed by washing with acetone is effective, easy and promotes the formation of the anatase phase of TiO2. Otherwise, the photocatalytic properties of the obtained TiO2 are not important and can be improved after calcination. Combining extraction using water and calcination give rise to mesoporous TiO2 with better photocatalytic activity than that of commercial anatase. The incorporation of zinc and tungsten in the mesoporous well-ordered TiO2 has been investigated in the third time, in order to improve their photocatalytic activity. The introduction of small amounts of zinc (<10 mol%) increases the surface area; beyond this amount the mesostructure is lost. The incorporation of tungsten in the mesoporous TiO2 does not affect the mesopores organization, and orthorhombic WO3 aggregates are formed beside the mesoporous network of anatase TiO2. Although, the presence of zinc or tungsten oxides in the matrix decreases the bandgap of mesoporous TiO2, the photocatalytic activity is not improved. In the third time, the synthesis of bimodal porosity materials, using a mixed surfactant systems hydrogenated/fluorinated, CTABr/RF8(EO)9 and P123/RF8(EO)9, was explored. Based on the phase diagrams of these two systems in water, micellar solutions and liquid crystals have been investigated to prepare mesoporous silicas using two mechanisms CTM and LCT. When CTABr is present, pores of one size in the mesoporous range are observed, however, it is possible that bimodal type micro-mesopores exist. The use of the hexagonal liquid crystal phase of P123/RF8(EO)9 provides two separate pore sizes materials in the mesoporous range.
38

Remediação do processo de embranquecimento de peças injetadas de poli (propileno-co-etileno) / Preventing the whitening of injection molded poly (propylene-co-ethylene) parts

Maia, Denison Ricardo Justino 06 September 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Marco-Aurelio De Paoli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T18:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maia_DenisonRicardoJustino_D.pdf: 7384890 bytes, checksum: efeedfba27b5af359387e70f46fd71c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: No presente trabalho foi estudado uma alternativa para atenuar a degradação e o embranquecimento de peças injetadas de poli(propileno-co-etileno) contendo TiO2. O pigmento branco TiO2 (rutilo e anatase) apresenta efeito catalítico na degradação fotoxidativa do polímero, em um processo iniciado pela reação de um elétron fotoexcitado na banda de condução do TiO2 com oxigênio atmosférico. Durante longos períodos de exposição ambiental das peças observa-se que a tensão gerada por flexão não tem efeito detectável na degradação, tendo-se atribuído o fenômeno a processos de relaxação das cadeias poliméricas. Com intuito de minimizar os efeitos catalíticos do TiO2 foi utilizado o pigmento preto negro de fumo condutor (NFcd) em substituição ao negro de fumo comum (NFcm), sendo observado menor degradabilidade para estas amostras. O efeito não foi verificado para amostras que não continham TiO2, e assim mostrou-se que o processo está relacionado à interação do NFcd com o TiO2. Propõe-se que as características condutoras do pigmento preto estão relacionadas à desativação do elétron fotoexcitado do catalisador TiO2. Em testes com nove estabilizantes comerciais foi selecionado o sistema estabilizante NDS Anox¿ como o mais efetivo na estabilização da formulação, combinando alta estabilidade e maior homogeneidade das características degradativas das amostras. Em adição, não foi verificada interação sinérgica ou antagônica entre o estabilizante NDS Anox¿ e o NFcd, mostrando que a alta eficiência do estabilizante constitui-se na variável mais importante na estabilização do material. Também apresentamos nesse trabalho uma alternativa de aplicação para a técnica quimiométrica mapas auto-organizáveis (SOM), utilizada no tratamento e classificação de espectros de reflectância FT -IR, se mostrando uma ferramenta útil na caracterização comparativa da degradação das amostras poliméricas. / Abstract: In this work we studied an alternative to minimize degradation and whitening of injected parts made of TiO2 containing poly(propylene-co-ethylene). The catalytic effect of the white pigment TiO2 (anatase and rutile) in the polymer photooxidation has been assigned to the reaction of an excited electron in the conduction band of TiO2 with atmospheric O2. For long periods of ambient exposition it was observed that tension generated by flexion does not affect degradation, and it was assigned to polymeric chain relaxation processes. To minimize catalytic action of TiO2 we used the black pigment conducting carbon black (CCB) in substitution to the non conducting grade (CB), and it has been verified less degradation in these samples. The effect was not observed for samples without TiO2, hence the process is related to the interaction between CCB and TiO2. We propose that the improvement of stability is associated to deactivation of the excited electron in the conduction band of TiO2. Tests of nine commercial stabilizer mixtures have selected NDB Anox¿ as the most effective in the formulation stabilization, combining high stability and greater homogeneity of samples degradation characteristics. In addition synergistic or antagonistic interaction was not observed between NDB Anox¿ and CCB, showing that the high stability provided by the stabilizer system is the major variable in the material stabilization. We also present an alternative application for self-organizing maps (SOM), used in this work for FTIR reflectance spectra treatment and classification, providing an useful tool in the characterization of comparative degradation of polymeric samples. / Doutorado / Quimica Inorganica / Doutor em Ciências
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Thermal Cycling Of LTO||LCO Batteries Subjected to Electric Vehicle Schedule and Its Second Life Evaluation

January 2019 (has links)
abstract: Lithium titanium oxide (LTO), is a crystalline (spinel) anode material that has recently been considered as an alternative to carbon anodes in conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIB), mainly due to the inherent safety and durability of this material. In this paper commercial LTO anode 18650 cells with lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathodes have been cycled to simulate EV operating condition (temperature and drive profiles) in Arizona. The capacity fade of battery packs (pack #1 and pack#2), each consisting 6 such cells in parallel was studied. While capacity fades faster at the higher temperature (40°C), fading is significantly reduced at the lower temperature limit (0°C). Non-invasive techniques such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) show a steady increase in the high-frequency resistance along with capacity fade indicating Loss of Active Material (LAM) and formation of co-intercalation products like Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI). A two-stage capacity fade can be observed as previously reported and can be proved by differential voltage curves. The first stage is gradual and marks the slow degradation of the anode while the second stage is marked by a drastic capacity fade and can be attributed to the fading cathode. After an effective capacity fading of ~20%, the battery packs were disassembled, sorted and repackaged into smaller packs of 3 cells each for second-life testing. No major changes were seen in the crystal structure of LTO, establishing its electrochemical stability. However, the poor built of the 18650-cell appears to have resulted in failures like gradual electrolytic decomposition causing prominent swelling and failure in a few cells and LAM from the cathode along with cation dissolution. This result is important to understand how LTO batteries fail to better utilize the batteries for specific secondary-life applications. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Materials Science and Engineering 2019
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Development of novel hybrid catalysis for carbon-carbon couplings by titanium oxide photocatalyst and metal cocatalyst / 酸化チタン光触媒と金属助触媒による炭素-炭素結合形成のための新規ハイブリッド触媒の開発

Akanksha, Tyagi 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21178号 / 人博第850号 / 新制||人||203(附属図書館) / 29||人博||850(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉田 寿雄, 教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 田部 勢津久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

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