Abstract The purpose of this article is to gain insight in the South African tobacco industry, its influence on the community and the role of anti-tobacco campaigns. This is done by conducting an empirical investigation of the attitudes and behaviour of smokers and non-smokers regarding the national government campaigns against tobacco products. Consequently, it will contribute in determining the efficiency of the anti-tobacco campaigns as well as the effect of the Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act, 1999 (Act 12 of 1999) on smokers and non-smokers. It is postulated that by applying the principles of marketing (demarketing and remarketing) it could contribute significantly in influencing smoking behaviour amongst South Africans.

Two Tobravirus expression vectors were evaluated for the use as a rapid screening method for anti-nutritional proteins against plant pathogens. Accumulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and snowdrop lectin gene (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, LECGNA2, M55556) in Nicotiana benthamiana by Tobacco rattle virus expression vectors was characterized. Virally expressed proteins were detected in leaves (3-14 days post-inoculatiion) and roots (6-24 dpi) by UV (GFP), western blotting and tissue printing. 25 -50 ng of GNA was detected in root extracts. Cross protection was induced by TRV-GFP. Foreign genes inserted in place of TRV RNA2 non-structural genes (2b and 2c) were stably maintained over serial passages. But recombination at remaining 'cross-over' sites may occur. 2D iso-electricfocusing detected a 50-kDa GNA molecule in root and leaf extract. GNA did not confer resistance to root-knot nematodes, although gall by root-knot nematodes (mixed Meloidogyne spp. and M.javanica Crete line 17) were significantly reduced by 22% in roots infected by TRV-GNA (3.83 sqrt galls and 4.5 sqrt galls respectively) compared to virus-free roots treatment (4.94 sqrt galls, sed 0.398; p<.025 and 5.273 sqrt galls, sed 0.2403; <.003 respectively). Effects of GNA on Aulacorthum solani was delayed to the second nymph generation (N2). Mean N2 weights feeding on TRV-GNA (0.246 mg ±0.0159; p <05) and TRV-fsGNA (0.212 mg ±0.018; p<.001) infected plants were significantly smaller by 15.2% and 26.6% respectively, compared to virus-free treatments (0.290 mg ±0.014). Similar trends were detected for total nymph weights. Low toxicity was related to high quality phloem and ingestion of smaller volumes for normal development (i.e. concentration effect). Decrease in gall by the mixed Meloidogyne population and an unexpected toxicity to A solani indicated that truncated GNA was a protein with merolectin properties. The viability of this system as a rapid 'm planta' expression system is discussed.

D.Phil. / The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial factors which impact on smoking behaviour and to consider the impact of these factors on the formulation of national policy, as well as business and management practices around the marketing and promotion of tobacco products. An analytic induction approach was followed in analysing the data of multiple cases. Interviews and observations were used to gather in-depth information on nine participants (smokers, ex-smokers, social smokers and non-smokers). The data was subjected to analytic induction in order to build a typology of smoking behaviour. This theoretical tool was compared to current knowledge and culminated in a model of psychosocial factors that influence smoking behaviour, which was tested against a further four cases. No negative cases were found. The outcome of this study suggests that promoters of tobacco products should follow a more focused approach towards dark marketing. It also highlights that government and other anti-smoking agencies are not always effective in reducing smoking and counteracting covert marketing practices. The study also illustrated that analytic induction can be applied successfully in consumer behaviour studies. Finally, it contributed to local knowledge of qualitative research, as analytic induction has not been applied fully in a local study before.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 1996. / Tobacco in Southern Africa has been found to exhibit three forms of leaf curl (class I, II and III) based on symptomology. Class I tobacco leaf curl is a disorder of unknown etiology, appearing as bent or twisted leaves exhibiting frilly enations (leafy outgrowths) along the midrib and secondary veins of severely stunted tobacco plants.[Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / AC2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Community Health. / Tobacco is a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Smoking rates in South Africa have been increasing over the past decade. The promotion of health by targeting anti smoking campaigns at school going children is a common strategy throughout the world. The aim of this study was to examines the extent and nature of cigarette smoking in high schools in Greater Johannesburg in 1994, in order to inform health promotion programmes dealing with tobacco contro / IT2018

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-172). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M. Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-36).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes vita. Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 114 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Youth tobacco use is a major public health problem worldwide. Studies show that there is an association between exposure to anti-smoking advertising and youth smoking prevalence. Anti-smoking advertising can be used as an important tobacco control measure to prevent youth smoking. The objectives of this review mainly focus on evaluating the effectiveness of anti-smoking advertising on youth smoking, analyzing the influential factors that may affect the effectiveness. 4 main databases, PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus and Google Scholar were included for literature searching, as well as the reference lists, and 483 related articles were found initially. After restricted by the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were included for analysis ultimately. According to this review, the influential factors included the exposure rate, sponsor, promotion approaches and the theme of anti-smoking advertising. Those factors have significant effects on youth’s smoking behavior and smoking prevalence. Non-tobacco industry sponsored, high exposure rate, the theme of negative life circumstance and using humor as a vehicle to deliver anti-smoking messages can be effective in reducing the smoking rate among youth. However, the methods used in the included articles were uneven, and the mechanism of the anti-smoking advertising on youth smoking is still unclear, further research should be conducted. The results of this review can still have some instructions to policy-makers on formulating tobacco control measures in the future, especially the anti-smoking program. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health