From Introduction: It was a feature of South African political life to have senseless and continued political violence especially in areas such as KwaZulu Natal and Gauteng., There were certain places that were demarcated as "no-go areas" in other parts of the country for political rivals* This research has been directed by the cries of many South Africans pleading for political tolerance. Tolerance was a term used by both politicians and ordinary people alike and therefore open to misuse and various interpretations. As a term it was therefore without adequate clarification on its meaning. It is an attempt of this study to clarify and promote this value of tolerance. In Chapter One, the value of tolerance is examined. It is described as putting up with what is disliked or disapproved for the sake of others. But it is deliberate and is therefore a virtue. Positive attitudes, motives and power are central to tolerance. For tolerance to be sustained, solid foundations such as education, respect for others and their freedoms, democracy, justice, stability and reciprocity are to be laid. A light is also being shed on the limits of this virtue. Considerations and circumstances which need to be taken when deciding on each an action are the very motives and conditions for tolerance. This further makes the issue of tolerance to be complex. Church history shows that tolerance does not come naturally. It is a difficulty because of certain principles that are at stake. When viewed from the twentieth century perspective many of Church history's periods were of intolerance because the church had power. Tolerance was an exception, a plea of those without power. South Africa has to unlearn much of intolerance because of the past that militated against tolerance. Fortunately tolerance is now being firmly entrenched as law. Even though it is so, the tension of being tolerant and intolerant still exists especially in the whole area of abortion. Let us examine why tolerance is such a complex issue and a virtue to be promoted.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc Agric (Plant Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22884号 / 医博第4678号 / 新制||医||1048(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 長船 健二, 教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 椛島 健治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The introduction of autonomous vehicles has the potential to reduce the number of accidents and save countless lives. These benefits can only be realized if autonomous vehicles can prove to be safer than human drivers. There is a large amount of active research around developing robust algorithms for all parts of the autonomous vehicle stack including sensing, localization, mapping, perception, prediction, planning, and control. Additionally, some of these research projects have involved the use of the Robot Operating System (ROS). However, another key aspect of realizing an autonomous vehicle is a fault-tolerant design that can ensure the safe operation of the vehicle under unfavorable conditions. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the feasibility of adding a dedicated fault tolerance module into a ROS based architecture. The fault tolerance module is used to implement a safety controller that can take over safety-critical operations of the system when a fault is detected in the main computer. A Xilinx Zynq-7000 SoC with a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 and an FPGA programmable logic region is chosen as the platform. The platform works in the Asymmetric Multiprocessing (AMP) configuration with a Linux based operating system on one core and a real-time operating system (RTOS) on the other. Results are gathered from an implementation done on a ROS based mobile robot platform.

Includes bibliographical references / As there is limited information on the mechanisms of vegetative desiccation-tolerance in resurrection plant rhizomes, this work was undertaken to study the mechanisms of desiccation-tolerance in Mohria caffrorum rhizomes. Fronds of this plant have been previously characterized as being desiccation-tolerant in summer and desiccation-sensitive in winter. Since fern rhizomes are perennial organs, it was of interest to establish whether these organs are also perennially desiccation-tolerant and, whether or not the rhizomes regulate desiccation-tolerance in the fronds. Ultra-structural evidence using transmission electron microscopy and viability studies using electrolyte leakage analysis showed that the rhizomes were desiccation-tolerant throughout the seasons. Quantitative proteomics analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification was employed to investigate molecular mechanisms of desiccation-tolerance in the rhizomes of this plant. Using a custom fern rhizome specific peptide sequence database, 236 proteins were identified. Of these, 16 proteins increased in abundance while 14 declined, in the summer collected rhizomes. On the other hand, 16 proteins increased in abundance and 20 declined in the winter form. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression trends of heat shock protein 70-2 and superoxide dismutase-[Cu-Zn], which were among the differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed proteins was carried out using network enrichment tools, to identify key molecular processes and pathways involved in the rhizome response to desiccation stress. Results indicate that the rhizomes use different molecular mechanisms to achieve desiccation-tolerance in winter and summer. Potential cross-talks and cross-tolerances were identified in which mechanisms protecting the rhizomes against desiccation-tolerance appeared to also protect them against heat stress, and in winter an apparent cross-talk against desiccation and pathogen stresses was also identified. This study is the first report of evidence that M.caffrorum rhizomes are the 'master-regulator organs' responsible for regulating desiccation-tolerance in the fronds. This role was inferred from the rhizome's predicted up-/down-regulation of biological processes and pathways that relate to leaf senescence, shoot system morphogenesis and gametophyte development, among others.

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In the version of this article initially published, author Raphael Duivenvoorden’s last name was spelt incorrectly as Duivenwoorden. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Extensive land areas in arid and semi-arid regions contain excessive amounts of salt which inhibit or prevent the growth of desirable crop plants. This problem is increasing with the development of extensive irrigation projects. The future of irrigation agriculture will depend upon the development and the utilization of means of (1) preventing salt accumulation, (2) reclaiming salted soils. and (3) making the best use of those soils which by reason of drainage problems, soil texture and permeability, poor quality irrigation water, etc. are unsuited for economic reclamation. The utilization of land that is not feasible to completely reclaim, at least under present economic conditions, will depend upon the selection, development, and use of varieties and strains of crop plants which will produce economically under such conditions. The objectives of this research are to (1) test on a preliminary basis the salt tolerance of a number of promising crop plant materials. (2) observe the effect of salt upon plant behavior and growth, and (3) develop various methods of evaluating plant materials for salt tolerance.

This study sought to determine whether NaCl altered the plasma membrane proteins in alfalfa exhibiting differential NaCl concentrations, and whether caso4 modified the responses. Two alfalfa cultivars, Centurion and Condor, were grown in 0.5 strength Hoagland solution in a greenhouse. The cultivars were exposed to 0, 88, and 132 mM of NaCl alone and mixed with caso4 .H20 at 7 and 14 Mm caso4 for 3, 9, and 60 days. In experiment 1, roots were dried to determine their Na, Ca, K, and Mg concentration. The results were similar to previous reports in which CaS04 alleviated the salt stress by increasing K and Mg levels and reducing Na. In experiment 2, after proteins of the plasma membrane were isolated and their purity was determined by vanadate, ATPase activity showed a significant increase in the presence of calcium. In addition, total plasma membrane protein was analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Salt treatments induced both quantitative and qualitative changes in proteins. These changes were affected by the length of exposure to treatment solution or the ability of the plants to adapt to the salt stress.

An historical introduction is made tying authoritarianism with ambiguity tolerance. Ambiguity tolerance is a personality variable in its own right, often associated with authoritarianism yet remaining separate from it. Ambiguity intolerance is defined as the tendency to perceive and interpret information that is marked by vague, fragmented, incomplete, inconsistent, contradictory, or unclear meaning as actual or potential sources of psychological threat. Ambiguity tolerance is defined as the tendency to perceive ambiguous situations as challenging and desirable. Efforts to measure ambiguity tolerance have met with varied success, however, it was not until Norton (197S) developed the Measurement of Ambiguity Tolerance (MAT-50) that accurate measurement became a possibility. The present study presents data that provides some construct validity to the MAT-SO. College students were administered the MAT-SO and divided into two groups: tolerants and intolerants. It was hypothesized that individuals who were in the intolerant group would produce more anxiety (as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) when presented with an ambiguous situation (the Rorschach inkblot test) than individuals in the tolerant group. The hypothesis was confirmed, individuals in the intolerant group displayed more state as well as trait anxiety than those in the tolerant group. Recommendations are made suggesting that future research use subjects from a less homogenous group.