Darbo tikslas - nustatyti vaistažolių fabriko „Mėta“ biologinių ekstraktų efektyvumą šiltnamyje auginamiems pomidorams. Darbo uždaviniai: - Stebėti preparatų įtaką pomidorų augimo tarpsniams vegetacijos laikotarpiu. - Nustatyti optimalią tirpalo koncentraciją pomidorams tręšti, išbandant trijų rūšių (pušų, beržų ir dilgėlių) ekstraktus. - Atlikus tyrimus rekomenduoti naudoti efektyviausią preparatą ir jo koncentraciją. Darbo objektas: ekologiškai šiltnamyje auginami pomidorai. Tyrimai atlikti Telšių apskrityje, Mažeikių rajone, Šerkšnėnų kaime. Darbo rezultatai: Tyrimo metu pomidorų lapai buvo purškiami minėtų ekstraktų skirtingomis koncentracijomis. Stebėti pomidorų augimo tarpsniai vegetacijos laikotarpiu. Pomidorai pradėjo žydėti birželio pradžioje, ryškiausiai išsiskyrė augalai purkšti pušų ekstrakto 3% koncentracija. Pirmus vaisius užmezgė augalai purkšti pušų ekstraktu, t. y. birželio 14 d. Po savaitės vaisius užmezgė ir likę augalai. Pomidorai pradėjo derėti liepos viduryje ir derėjo iki spalio 15 d. Derliaus suvestinės sudarytos kiekvienam mėnesiui ir už visą vegetacijos laikotarpį. Gauti derliaus duomenys apdoroti dispersinės analizės metodu. Apibendrinus gautus rezultatus galima teigti, kad pomidorai, kurie buvo purkšti pušų ekstraktu pirmieji pradėjo žydėti, megzti vaisius ir jų išauginti vaisiai buvo didžiausi lyginant su kontrole ir kitais t. y. dilgėlių ir beržų ekstraktais. / Tomatoes- mostly cultured vegetable in the world. Their yield, quality, sensual internal mostly depends from vegetable nutritional. In the last year has been founded a new technologies, start using fertile species, resistant for illnesses and vermin’s. Biological extract, we were using for research, were made by partnership of “Meta”. It is private company, established in 1989, which produce ecological volatile oil, herb tea, massage honey mixture from natural and ecological production. It is only one such a company in the Baltic. “Meta” already 5 years participate with EU scientific researches like Copernicus and Eureka, supplies volatile oil and extract for researches. The impact of “Meta” extracts for tomatoes, fertilizing them through the leaf, still is not explored. This companies production usable in medicine and mode of life. A new idea has been rised up for us and for manager of “Meta” to try to use an ecological piny, birch and nettle extracts for fertilizing tomatoes through their leafs.

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Bibliography: leaves 133-152. / xi, 152 leaves : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Studies biological relatedness of strains of tomato leaf curl virus and cross-interaction with the replication-associated protein requireed for DNA replication. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1997

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Aug 16.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-108). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MSc (Plant Biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Vitamin C (ascorbate or AsA) is a secondary metabolite produced in many eukaryotes including yeasts, plants and animals. It plays essential roles as an anti-oxidant and enzyme cofactor, functions as an electron donor and -acceptor and is involved in various developmental processes. This study was initiated with the aim of increasing vitamin C production in tomato. Three genes, namely GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase (ALO) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and myo-inositol oxygenase 2 (MIOX2) from Arabidopsis thaliana were ectopically expressed in the tomato cultivar Money Maker. GMPase converts D-mannose-6-P to GDP-D-mannose. This reaction forms part of the well characterized, “Smirnoff-Wheeler” pathway. ALO catalyzes the terminal step in erythroascorbate synthesis in yeast. In situ it also metabolizes the plant and animal substrates for ascorbate manufacture. Myo-inositol (MI) is converted into D-glucuronate by the activity of MIOX. D-Glucuronate is a precursor to L-guluno-1,4-lactone synthesis which is the precursor to AsA in animals and thought to be present in plants. The genes were independently introduced with the aid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation and expressed under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Plants with increased GMPase activity consistently showed increased L-ascorbate levels in leaves and fruit of between 20- and 70% compared to the wild-type. Plants transcribing the ALO gene exhibited small increases in L-ascorbate in green fruit (p < 0.1). Leaf tissue from MIOX plants displayed significant activity increases (p < 0.05), and substantial decreases in MI. In green fruit two MIOX lines had increases in activity, cell wall uronic acids and AsA levels. Marginal increases in L-ascorbate would not warrant industrial application, but follow-up research with over-expression of other enzymes of the “Smirnoff-Wheeler” pathway should be explored. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vitamien C (askorbiensuur of AsA) is ʼn sekondêre metaboliet wat in baie eukariote, insluitend gis, plante en diere geproduseer word. Dit speel ʼn noodsaaklike rol as ʼn anti-oksidant en ensiem kofaktor, funktioneer as ʼn elekronskenker en aanvaarder en is betrokke in verskillende ontwikkelings prosesse. Hierdie studie was geїnisieer met die doel om vitamien C produksie in tamatie te vermeerder. Drie gene, naamlik GDP-mannose pirofosforilase (GMPase) van Saccharomyces cerevisiae, arabinono-1,4-laktoon oksidase (ALO) van Saccharomyces cerevisiae en mio-inositol oksigenase 2 (MIOX2) van Arabidopsis thaliana was ektopies uitgedruk in the tamatie kultivar, Money Maker. GMPase skakel D-mannose-6-P om na GDP-D-mannose. Hierdie reaksie is deel van die goed gekenmerkde “Smirnoff Wheeler” baan. ALO kataliseer the terminale stap in eritroaskorbiensuur sintese in gis. In situ metaboliseer dit ook die plant en dier substrate om askorbiensuur te vervaardig. Mio-inositol (MI) is omgeskakel na D-glukuronsuur deur die aktiwiteit van MIOX. D-glukuronsuur is ʼn voorloper in L-guluno-1,4-laktoon sintese wat dan ʼn voorloper is van AsA in diere en word ook verdink om in plante teenwoordig te wees. Die gene was onafhanklik ingestel met die hulp van Agrobakterium tumefaciens gemedїeerde transformasie en uitgedruk onder die beheer van die CaMV 35S promotor. Plante met verhoogde GMPase aktiwiteit het in blare en vrugte konsekwente toename in L-askorbiensuur vlakke met tussen 20 – 70% gewys in vergelyking met wilde-tipe. Plante wat ALO getranskribeer het, het klein stygings in L-askorbiensuur in groen vrugte gewys (p < 0.1). Blaarweefsel van MIOX plante wat verhoogde aktiwiteit vertoon het, (p < 0.05), het ook aansienlike dalings in MI gehad. In groen vrugte van MIOX het twee lyne verhoogte aktiwiteit, selwand uronsuur en AsA vlakke gehad. Klein toename in L-askorbiensuur is nie gepas vir industriële toepassing nie, maar opvolg navorsing moet ondersoek word met die oor-uitdrukking van ander “Smirnoff-Wheeler” baan ensieme.

O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo comparativo entre três processos de secagem aplicados para desidratação de tomates, dois já usuais na indústria, a estufa com circulação de ar e liofilização, e um inovador na secagem de frutas e hortaliças. Para isso foi desenvolvido e testado um protótipo laboratorial do sistema de secagem por fluxo de ar e foram definidos os parâmetros das condições de secagem para cada um dos sistemas utilizados no estudo. A pesquisa de desenvolveu nas etapas: definição dos parâmetros de secagem, obtenção e caracterização do pó de tomate. Foram feitos cálculos para determinação do consumo energético e dos custos de operação para cada um dos sistemas. Caracterizou-se a matéria prima utilizada e os pós de tomate obtidos por meio de cada um dos tratamentos com relação a: umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, acidez, pH, atividade de água, compostos fenólicos totais, carotenoides em frações de β-caroteno e licopeno, ácido ascórbico e cor. De acordo com os resultados, foi comprovado que o sistema de secagem por fluxo de ar, proposto como inovador, consegue desidratar o tomate com tempo reduzido de processo, resultando em significativa redução de custo e consumo energético, com aumento da produtividade. Avaliando a composição centesimal observou-se que o sistema de secagem por fluxo de ar foi o processo de secagem com menor degradação dos nutrientes no pó de tomate, com destaque em proteínas, menor redução do pH, maior concentração de acidez (em termos de ácido cítrico) e também apresentou o maior aumento da concentração dos carotenoides, tanto de β-caroteno como de licopeno. Já, a liofilização manteve as características da composição do produto final, entretanto com desvantagem do custo do processo, superior aos demais, sem boa característica de cor e sem aumento na concentração de carotenoides. A secagem em estufa aconteceu em tempo pouco maior do que o sistema de secagem por fluxo de ar e apresentou maior degradação no produto final obtido. / The general objective of this research was to achieve a comparative study among three drying processes applied to tomato dehydration, being two already usual in industrial processes and one is an innovatied on fruit and vegtables drying. For that was developed and tested a laboratory prototype of the hot air drying system and were defined the parameters and drying conditions for each drying system used for this study. The research developed in stages of: definition of the drying parameters, obtention of tomato powder and characterization of the tomato powder. Calculaitons performedtodetermine the energy consumption and operation costs for each system. The raw material used was characterized and the tomato powders obtained by each drying treatment performed. The determinations realized for the raw material and product obtained were moisture, ash, protein, fat, acidity, pH, water activity, total phenolic compounds, carotenes in fractios of β-carotene and lycopene, ascorbic acid and colour. According to the results was proven that the hot air drying, proposen as an innovativem, is able to dehydrate the tomatoes on the same way as the other with a reduced of time process, wich results in a significant reducing of costs and energy consumption, leading to productivity increase. Evaluating the centesimal composition was observed that de hot air drying system promoted minor degradation of the nutrients in tomato powder, highlighting the minor degradation of proteins, minor reducing of pH, major concentration of acidity ( in terms of citric acid), also presented de major increase on the concentration of the carotenes, both for β-carotene and lycopene.The lyofilization maintained the charcteristics of composition in the final product, although, showed the disadvantage of a high cost of the process, being largely highter than the others, did not present a good colour and did not reveal the increase on the concentration of the carotenes.The oven drying promoted the dehydration in a slightly longer time than the hot air flow; however, was the method that showed the major degradation on the final product obtained from all drying methods.