Inaug.-Diss.--Westfälischen Wilhelmsuniversität zu Münster.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. XI-XX).

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis provides the beginnings of further research on the correlation between Nabataean mortuary practices and specific biological age ranges. It seeks to answer the question of whether Nabataean infants were absent from, or under-represented, in Nabataean cemeteries. Several quantitative analyses and descriptive statistics were performed, comparing Nabataean adult and subadult burials from fourteen sites. Nabataean cemetery populations were also compared with Walter Scheidel's model life table. These analyses demonstrate that Nabataean burials typically consisted of either a single adult or multiple individuals of various age ranges. Subadults, individuals under the age of 20 years, were rarely found buried by themselves, and seldom with other subadults. The comparison of Nabataean cemetery populations with Scheidel's model life table reported lower than expected percentages of individuals between the age ranges of zero to 12 years. However, this discrepancy is likely due to decay, the destruction of skeletal remains, and poor excavation techniques.

Thesis--Thessalonikē. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis--Thessalonikē. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cette thèse porte sur les pratiques funéraires royales et privées dans le royaume de Napata, entre les VIIIe et IIIe siècles av. J.-C. Elle constitue une synthèse de l'ensemble des connaissances ayant trait aux structures funéraires ainsi qu'aux rituels qui avaient lieu lors de l'enterrement du défunt ou après. Commençant par l'architecture funéraire, elle présente les traces des cultures locales et celles de la tradition égyptienne de manière à faire ressortir le fait que les éléments indigènes sont plus enracinés chez les communautés les plus isolées et probablement non sédentaires, alors que les tombes royales, d'inspiration pharaonique, témoignent d'une appropriation d'éléments décoratifs et de textes largement utilisés dans les nécropoles élitaires de Thèbes Ouest. Ensuite , cette thèse classifie les objets du mobilier funéraire afin de fournir la base d'un régionalisme culturel par le biais des emprunts des deux traditions. Dans la dernière partie, elle dresse une étude des coutumes funéraires napatéennes, en traçant un essai de hiérarchisation des sépultures selon leur contenu et le type de tombe, pour aborder finalement les rites funéraires et le phénomène de l' "acculturation" analysé dans ses différents aspects à travers les composantes funéraires étudiées précédemment. / This PhD thesis deals with the royal and non royal funerary practices in the Napatan Kingdom between VIIIe and IIIrd century BCE. It consists of an overview on the funerary architecture and of the rituals performed along or after the funeral. Starting from the funerary architecture, it presents the cultural traces coming from local cultures and those of the Egyptian tradition, suggesting that the indigenous elements are more rooted among the isolated groups perhaps non sedentary, while royal tombs, under the pharaonic inspiration, testify the adoption of decorative elements and texts widely used in the elitist necropolises in Western Thebes. Then, this research classifies the objects coming from the funerary equipment such to offer the outlines of a cultural regionalism by the loans of both the two cultures. In the final part, an investigation on the funerary customs of Napatan Period has been made, offering an attempt of a hierarchical organization of the burials on the basis of the contents and of the type of the tomb, to finally discuss the funerary rituals and the phenomenon of "acculturation" analyzed within different aspects by the funeray components discussed before.

The Jiuquan tombs, on the western frontier of China and dated to the third and early fourth centuries, deploy architecture, paintings, and burial goods to redefine space and express new concepts in mortuary art. Constructed over a period of about fifty years, the consistent rendering of distinct areas across these eleven tombs reflects a consensus in the expectations related to commemorating the dead and the division of souls in the burial process. Aboveground features show that powerful families in Jiuquan disregarded imperial edicts for austere burials. Underground, each tomb features a “screen wall” that rearranges spatial compositions to situate the celestial realm in an iconic position near the bottom of a tall tower. The front chambers are presented as courtyards under an open sky, surrounded by an estate, farms, pastures and wildernesses. Here, tomb occupants are not portrayed in a grand cosmic setting or lauded as Confucian archetypes; instead they are dynamic agents at the center of the action. Pastoral peoples are displayed within a context of harmonious co-existence and cultural exchange. These images combine to reflect an optimistic outlook that ignores the upheavals in the Chinese heartland. By contrast, the rear chambers show a retreat to traditional styles and subject matters, creating a stillness that reinforces the solemnity of laying the corpse to rest. Jiuquan’s geographic location and topography made it both stable and prosperous while precipitating contact with migrants from the Chinese heartland, the northern steppes, and the Western Regions. The vibrancy and originality of the tombs at Jiuquan, as well as what they reveal about changes in beliefs, increase appreciation for the role of peripheral zones in shaping Chinese art and history.