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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

The Fc Orth (SA) final examination The short-term outcome of hip revision arthroplasty with Trabecular Metal™ components and augments

Noconjo, Lubabalo 15 September 2021 (has links)
Background: Highly porous Trabecular Metal™ acetabular components are increasingly being used in revision hip arthroplasty as they facilitate ingrowth, provide a useful mechanism to deal with bone loss and may decrease the risk of infection. The purpose of this audit was to describe: 1) the short-term radiological outcomes of revision hip arthroplasty with Trabecular Metal™ components and augments. 2) the total number of hip arthroplasty surgeries over five years, and indications for revision. Methods: A retrospective folder and radiograph review of all patients who had revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a tertiary level hospital from February 2012 to February 2017 was done. Results: There were 979 THAs performed over the period – 863 (87%) primary THAs, and 116 (12%) hip revision cases performed in 107 patients. Of the 116 (107 patients) hip revisions, there were seven (6%) re-revisions in five patients. Trabecular Metal™ was used for revision in 16 hips (14 patients), which is 13.7% of the total 116 revisions. There were ten females and four males with an average age of 61 years. The average duration of follow-up in this group was 18.5 months (1.5– 39.2). In these 16 Trabecular Metal™ hips, there were three (18.7%) early failures of fixation due to technical errors. The indications for revision were aseptic loosening 67 (58.6%), septic loosening 11 (9.5%), liner wear 18 (15.5%), periprosthetic fracture five (4.3%), other 15 (13%). Conclusion: In our institution, Trabecular Metal™ revisions had a 18.7% early failure rate due to technical error. 12% of the arthroplasty is revision surgery. The indications for revision are similar to published literature.
22

The Dose Dependent Response of Dexamethasone on the Genotype and Phenotype of Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Mount, Zachary 22 August 2022 (has links)
No description available.
23

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Damage Processes in Human Trabecular Bone

Ramsey, Daniel S. 21 July 2010 (has links)
No description available.
24

Evaluating osteological ageing from digital data

Villa, C., Buckberry, Jo, Lynnerup, N. 13 September 2016 (has links)
Yes / Age at death estimation of human skeletal remains is one of the key issues in constructing a biological profile both in forensic and archaeological contexts. The traditional adult osteological methods evaluate macroscopically the morphological changes that occur with increasing age of specific skeletal indicators, such as the cranial sutures, the pubic bone, the auricular surface of the ilium and the sternal end of the ribs. Technologies such as CT and laser scanning are becoming more widely used in anthropology, and several new methods have been developed. This review focuses on how the osteological age-related changes have been evaluated in digital data. Firstly, the 3D virtual copies of the bones have been used to mimic the appearance of the dry bones and the application of the traditional methods. Secondly, the information directly extrapolated from CT scan has been used to qualitatively or quantitatively assess the changes of the trabecular bones, the thickness of the cortical bones, and to perform morphometric analyses. Lastly, the most innovative approach has been the mathematical quantification of the changes of the pelvic joints, calculating the complexity of the surface. The importance of new updated reference datasets, created thanks to the use of CT scanning in forensic settings, is also discussed. / CV was supported from the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF – 4005-00102B – FTP)
25

Análise do risco de fratura óssea por ultrasonometria e ensaio mecânico de compressão / Analysis of bone fracture risk using ultrasonometry and mechanical compression essays

Rodrigues, Maria Elizete de Souza 30 January 2004 (has links)
A osteoporose é uma doença que afeta o tecido ósseo sendo caracterizada principalmente pela diminuição da massa óssea e pela deterioração da arquitetura do osso. O método atualmente utilizado no diagnóstico da osteoporose é a densitometria óssea (DEXA -Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), que utiliza radiação ionizante. Vários estudos têm sido publicados discutindo o uso de técnicas complementares ou alternativas à densitometria óssea. Uma dessas técnicas é a ultrasonometria, que é baseada na análise da propagação do ultra-som para identificar a qualidade do tecido ósseo. O objetivo desse trabalho é contribuir com o acréscimo de dados para a avaliação da possibilidade de uso dessa técnica como alternativa à técnica da densitometria óssea. Foi realizado um estudo de correlação entre medidas experimentais em ossos trabeculares de calcâneos humanos obtidas com o equipamento de ultrasonometria óssea SONOST-2000 (Vicmed/OsteoSys-MedisonÒ) e medidas de ensaio mecânico de compressão. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi utilizada como um teste complementar para identificar as modificações na microarquitetura das amostras de ossos humanos sadios e osteopênicos. Os resultados indicam que o BQI (Bone Quality Index – Índice de Qualidade Óssea) pode ser usado como um método indireto de averiguação das importantes propriedades na determinação do risco de fratura, como por exemplo, a tensão máxima suportada pelo material. / Osteoporosis is a disease that affects bone tissue and is characterized by a decrease in its mass and deterioration of its architeture. The current method used in osteoporosis diagnostic is bone densitometry (DEXA- Dual Energy X-ray Absorption), which utilizes ionizing radiation. Various studies have been published discussing alternatives or complimentary techniques to bone densitometry. One of these techniques is quantitative untrasound (QUS), which is based on the analysis of ultrasound spread through bone tissue to assess its quality. The objective of this work is to add more data to the discussion of this technique as an alternative to bone densitometry. Correlation studies between data from experiments in trabecular bones from the calcaneus of human cadavers have been performed using the quantitative ultrasound equipment SONOST-2000 (Vicmed/OsteoSys-Medison) and mechanical compression essays. Scanning Electron Microscopy was also used as an aid to identify modifications in the samples microarchiteture from health and osteopenic tissue. The results indicate that BQI (Bone Quality Index ) can be used as indirect method to obtain important parameters used in the assessment of fracture risk, such as the maximum load supported by the material.
26

Caracterização de tecido ósseo por ultra-som para o diagnóstico de osteoporose. / Assessment of bony tissue by ultrasound for osteoporosis diagnosis.

Alves, Jose Marcos 02 August 1996 (has links)
A caracterização de tecido ósseo por ultra-som para o diagnóstico de osteoporose tem sido investigada como uma alternativa a densitometria óssea baseada em radiação ionizante. A interação do ultra-som com o tecido ósseo é fundamentalmente diferente da que ocorre com a energia ionizante. O potencial da técnica ultra-sônica baseia-se nos efeitos sobre a propagação do campo acústico causados pela estrutura, composição e massa do tecido que está sendo investigado. Quatro estudos in-vitro e um estudo clínico estão descritos neste trabalho. O primeiro estudo in-vitro compara a correlação entre medidas ultra-sônicas e de densidade mineral óssea (em g/cm3) em tecido trabecular humano e bovino. A velocidade e atenuação ultra-sônicas em amostras ósseas foram determinadas pela técnica de inserção convencional (modo de transmissão) e a medida de densidade mineral óssea foi realizada por absortometria de um fóton (SPA). O mecanismo de interação do ultra-som com osso trabecular é pouco conhecido. O segundo estudo in-vitro investigou como a presença da medula óssea afeta as medidas de velocidade e atenuação. As correlações entre medidas ultrasônicas e de densidade mineral óssea (em g/cm3) por SPA, com e sem a presença da medula óssea, são também determinadas. A medida ultra-sônica de inserção convencional é comparada a medida de inserção por contato. O terceiro estudo in-vitro investigou em amostras de calcâneo as correlações entre medidas ultra-sônicas e de densidade mineral óssea (em g/cm3 e em g/cm2) por SPA. A determinação da densidade mineral Óssea em g/cm2 (BMD) a partir de medidas ultra-sônicas nas amostras foi pela primeira vez investigada, utilizando-se uma técnica de regressão linear univariável e multivariável e uma técnica multivariável não-linear baseada em redes neurais. Um novo parâmetro, baseado na média da frequência instantânea (MIF) do sinal da amostra e de referência, foi proposto para caracterizar o tecido ósseo devido a sua alta correlação com a atenuação. O efeito das corticais ósseas do calcâneo nas medidas ultra-sônicas é pouco conhecido. O quarto estudo in-vitro determinou a correlação entre medidas ultrasônicas e de densidade mineral óssea (em g/cm3) por SPA, com e sem a presença das corticais ósseas. Finalmente, no estudo clínico foram determinadas as correlações entre medidas ultra-sônicas no calcanhar e de densidade mineral óssea por DEXA (em g/cm2) no cólo femoral. A determinação da densidade óssea a partir de medidas ultra-sônicas no calcanhar foi pela primeira vez investigada, utilizando-se uma técnica de regressão linear univariável e multivariável e uma técnica multivariável não-linear baseada em redes neurais. / Ultrasonic assessment of bone for managing osteoporosis has been investigated as an alternative to radition-based bone densitometry technology. In contrast with the ionizing electromagnetic radiation of such clinical bone densitometric technique, ultrasound is a mechanical wave and thus interacts with bone in a fundamentally distinct manner. Ultrasound is viewed as having great potential for assessing bone since its propagation is affected by the structure, composition, and mass of the bone tissue being interrogated. Four in-vitro and one clinical study are reported in this work. In the first in-vitro study a comparison is reported on the ultrasonic assessment of human trabecular and bovine trabecular bone samples. Both ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were evaluated through a standard transmission insertion technique and correlated with bone mineral density (in g/cm3 ) as determined with single photon absorptiometry (SPA). There is a relatively limited understanding of how ultrasound interacts with cancellous bone. One potentially model leads analytically to the demonstration that ultrasound propagation through bone is dependent on several factors, including the properties of the fluid, which saturates the pores of the cancellous bone tissue. The second in-vitro study was carried out to assess how the presence of marrow affects the velocity and attenuation measurements. The correlation between ultrasonic and densitometric measurements (in g/cm3) by SPA, with and without the bone marrow, are also determined. A second part of this study compared the measurements of ultrasonic attenuation and velocity on bovine cancellous bone samples using a standard insertion technique with those obtained using a contac method. The thrid in-vitro study with the calcis trabecular samples investigated the correlations between ultrasonic measurements and bone mineral density (in g/cm3 e em g/cm2) as measured by SPA. A nonlinear multivariate estimation technique based on neural network was the first time investigated to determine the ability of ultrasonic measurements to estimate bone mineral density in g/cm2 (BMD). A linear univariate and multivariate estimation of BMD was compared with the neural network approach. A new parameter to characterize the trabecular bone is been proposed, which is based on the mean instantaneous frequency (MIF) of the sample and reference signals after transmission through the os calcis. It was founded a high correlation between MIF and the attenuation (BUA). Little is known about the effect of the os calcis cortical shell on ultrasonic measurements. The fourth in-vitro study with os calcis samples determined the correlation between ultrasonic and densitometric measurements (in g/cm3) by SPA with and without the cortical shell. Finally, a nonlinear multivariate estimation technique based on neural network was the first time investigated to determine the ability of clinical ultrasonic measurements in the heel to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck. A linear univariate and multivariate estimation to predict BMD in patients is also compared with the neural network approach.
27

Caracterização de tecido ósseo por ultra-som para o diagnóstico de osteoporose. / Assessment of bony tissue by ultrasound for osteoporosis diagnosis.

Jose Marcos Alves 02 August 1996 (has links)
A caracterização de tecido ósseo por ultra-som para o diagnóstico de osteoporose tem sido investigada como uma alternativa a densitometria óssea baseada em radiação ionizante. A interação do ultra-som com o tecido ósseo é fundamentalmente diferente da que ocorre com a energia ionizante. O potencial da técnica ultra-sônica baseia-se nos efeitos sobre a propagação do campo acústico causados pela estrutura, composição e massa do tecido que está sendo investigado. Quatro estudos in-vitro e um estudo clínico estão descritos neste trabalho. O primeiro estudo in-vitro compara a correlação entre medidas ultra-sônicas e de densidade mineral óssea (em g/cm3) em tecido trabecular humano e bovino. A velocidade e atenuação ultra-sônicas em amostras ósseas foram determinadas pela técnica de inserção convencional (modo de transmissão) e a medida de densidade mineral óssea foi realizada por absortometria de um fóton (SPA). O mecanismo de interação do ultra-som com osso trabecular é pouco conhecido. O segundo estudo in-vitro investigou como a presença da medula óssea afeta as medidas de velocidade e atenuação. As correlações entre medidas ultrasônicas e de densidade mineral óssea (em g/cm3) por SPA, com e sem a presença da medula óssea, são também determinadas. A medida ultra-sônica de inserção convencional é comparada a medida de inserção por contato. O terceiro estudo in-vitro investigou em amostras de calcâneo as correlações entre medidas ultra-sônicas e de densidade mineral óssea (em g/cm3 e em g/cm2) por SPA. A determinação da densidade mineral Óssea em g/cm2 (BMD) a partir de medidas ultra-sônicas nas amostras foi pela primeira vez investigada, utilizando-se uma técnica de regressão linear univariável e multivariável e uma técnica multivariável não-linear baseada em redes neurais. Um novo parâmetro, baseado na média da frequência instantânea (MIF) do sinal da amostra e de referência, foi proposto para caracterizar o tecido ósseo devido a sua alta correlação com a atenuação. O efeito das corticais ósseas do calcâneo nas medidas ultra-sônicas é pouco conhecido. O quarto estudo in-vitro determinou a correlação entre medidas ultrasônicas e de densidade mineral óssea (em g/cm3) por SPA, com e sem a presença das corticais ósseas. Finalmente, no estudo clínico foram determinadas as correlações entre medidas ultra-sônicas no calcanhar e de densidade mineral óssea por DEXA (em g/cm2) no cólo femoral. A determinação da densidade óssea a partir de medidas ultra-sônicas no calcanhar foi pela primeira vez investigada, utilizando-se uma técnica de regressão linear univariável e multivariável e uma técnica multivariável não-linear baseada em redes neurais. / Ultrasonic assessment of bone for managing osteoporosis has been investigated as an alternative to radition-based bone densitometry technology. In contrast with the ionizing electromagnetic radiation of such clinical bone densitometric technique, ultrasound is a mechanical wave and thus interacts with bone in a fundamentally distinct manner. Ultrasound is viewed as having great potential for assessing bone since its propagation is affected by the structure, composition, and mass of the bone tissue being interrogated. Four in-vitro and one clinical study are reported in this work. In the first in-vitro study a comparison is reported on the ultrasonic assessment of human trabecular and bovine trabecular bone samples. Both ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were evaluated through a standard transmission insertion technique and correlated with bone mineral density (in g/cm3 ) as determined with single photon absorptiometry (SPA). There is a relatively limited understanding of how ultrasound interacts with cancellous bone. One potentially model leads analytically to the demonstration that ultrasound propagation through bone is dependent on several factors, including the properties of the fluid, which saturates the pores of the cancellous bone tissue. The second in-vitro study was carried out to assess how the presence of marrow affects the velocity and attenuation measurements. The correlation between ultrasonic and densitometric measurements (in g/cm3) by SPA, with and without the bone marrow, are also determined. A second part of this study compared the measurements of ultrasonic attenuation and velocity on bovine cancellous bone samples using a standard insertion technique with those obtained using a contac method. The thrid in-vitro study with the calcis trabecular samples investigated the correlations between ultrasonic measurements and bone mineral density (in g/cm3 e em g/cm2) as measured by SPA. A nonlinear multivariate estimation technique based on neural network was the first time investigated to determine the ability of ultrasonic measurements to estimate bone mineral density in g/cm2 (BMD). A linear univariate and multivariate estimation of BMD was compared with the neural network approach. A new parameter to characterize the trabecular bone is been proposed, which is based on the mean instantaneous frequency (MIF) of the sample and reference signals after transmission through the os calcis. It was founded a high correlation between MIF and the attenuation (BUA). Little is known about the effect of the os calcis cortical shell on ultrasonic measurements. The fourth in-vitro study with os calcis samples determined the correlation between ultrasonic and densitometric measurements (in g/cm3) by SPA with and without the cortical shell. Finally, a nonlinear multivariate estimation technique based on neural network was the first time investigated to determine the ability of clinical ultrasonic measurements in the heel to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck. A linear univariate and multivariate estimation to predict BMD in patients is also compared with the neural network approach.
28

Análise do risco de fratura óssea por ultrasonometria e ensaio mecânico de compressão / Analysis of bone fracture risk using ultrasonometry and mechanical compression essays

Maria Elizete de Souza Rodrigues 30 January 2004 (has links)
A osteoporose é uma doença que afeta o tecido ósseo sendo caracterizada principalmente pela diminuição da massa óssea e pela deterioração da arquitetura do osso. O método atualmente utilizado no diagnóstico da osteoporose é a densitometria óssea (DEXA -Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), que utiliza radiação ionizante. Vários estudos têm sido publicados discutindo o uso de técnicas complementares ou alternativas à densitometria óssea. Uma dessas técnicas é a ultrasonometria, que é baseada na análise da propagação do ultra-som para identificar a qualidade do tecido ósseo. O objetivo desse trabalho é contribuir com o acréscimo de dados para a avaliação da possibilidade de uso dessa técnica como alternativa à técnica da densitometria óssea. Foi realizado um estudo de correlação entre medidas experimentais em ossos trabeculares de calcâneos humanos obtidas com o equipamento de ultrasonometria óssea SONOST-2000 (Vicmed/OsteoSys-MedisonÒ) e medidas de ensaio mecânico de compressão. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi utilizada como um teste complementar para identificar as modificações na microarquitetura das amostras de ossos humanos sadios e osteopênicos. Os resultados indicam que o BQI (Bone Quality Index – Índice de Qualidade Óssea) pode ser usado como um método indireto de averiguação das importantes propriedades na determinação do risco de fratura, como por exemplo, a tensão máxima suportada pelo material. / Osteoporosis is a disease that affects bone tissue and is characterized by a decrease in its mass and deterioration of its architeture. The current method used in osteoporosis diagnostic is bone densitometry (DEXA- Dual Energy X-ray Absorption), which utilizes ionizing radiation. Various studies have been published discussing alternatives or complimentary techniques to bone densitometry. One of these techniques is quantitative untrasound (QUS), which is based on the analysis of ultrasound spread through bone tissue to assess its quality. The objective of this work is to add more data to the discussion of this technique as an alternative to bone densitometry. Correlation studies between data from experiments in trabecular bones from the calcaneus of human cadavers have been performed using the quantitative ultrasound equipment SONOST-2000 (Vicmed/OsteoSys-Medison) and mechanical compression essays. Scanning Electron Microscopy was also used as an aid to identify modifications in the samples microarchiteture from health and osteopenic tissue. The results indicate that BQI (Bone Quality Index ) can be used as indirect method to obtain important parameters used in the assessment of fracture risk, such as the maximum load supported by the material.
29

Análise morfométrica 2D e 3D de amostras de osso trabecular utilizando microtomografia tridimensional por raio-X / 2D and 3D morphometric analysis of trabecular bone using X-ray tridimensional microtomography (\'mü\'CT)

Silva, Alessandro Márcio Hakme da 11 September 2009 (has links)
Ossos trabeculares possuem uma microestrutura porosa e podem ser modelados como um sólido elástico linear, heterogêneo e anisotrópico. A microtomografia tridimensional por raios-x (uCT) tem sido mundialmente utilizada para a caracterização de osso trabecular em pesquisas relacionadas à qualidade óssea e à doenças do metabolismo ósseo como a osteoporose. Na literatura há poucas investigações comparando as análises morfométricas 2D e 3D de osso trabecular. Nesta investigação amostras de osso trabeculares cilíndricas extraídas da cabeça femoral bovina foram utilizadas para a comparação dessas análises por \'mü\'CT. O software CT-Analyser foi utilizado para medidas em três direções (crânio-caudal, lateral-medial e anterior-posterior) de diversos parâmetros da microestrutura trabecular tais como espessura trabecular, separação trabecular, número trabecular e os autovalores do tensor de anisotropia (M). A comparação entre os valores dos parâmetros medidos por análises morfométricas 2D e 3D foi realizada pelo teste-t pareado com nível de significância p < 0,05 e por correlação linear de Pearson. Os autovalores da matriz M mostram que a microestrutura trabecular bovina tem uma tendência para a simetria transversalmente isotrópica. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a microtomografia tridimensional por raios-X é uma técnica de grande potencial para caracterização da qualidade óssea gerando bons parâmetros para o diagnóstico de doenças do metabolismo ósseo. / Trebecular bones have a porous microstructure and can be modeled as a linear elastic solid, heterogenous and anisotropic. The x-ray tridimensional microtomography (\'mü\'CT) has been worldwide used for the assessment of trabecular bone in investigations related to bone quality and aimed to the diagnostic of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis. In the literature few investigations have compared the 2D and 3D morphometric analysis of trabecular bone. In this investigation cylindrical trabecular bone samples were harvested from bovine head femur to carry out that comparison by \'mü\'CT. The CT-Analyser software was used to measure in three directions (superior-inferior, lateral-medial and anterior-posterior) several microstructural trabecular parameters such as trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, trabecular number and the eigenvalues of the fabric tensor (M). The comparison between the parameters values measured by 2D and 3D morphometric analysis was performed by the paired-sample t test with a level of significance p < 0,05 and the Pearson\'s linear correlation. The eigenvalues show that the bovine trabecular microstructure has a tendence to transverse isotropy symmetry. The results show that x-ray tridimensional microtomography (\'mü\'CT) is a technique of great potential for characterization of generating good bone quality parameters for the diagnosis of diseases of bone metabolism.
30

Quantitative MRI and Micro-CT of Bone Architecture: Applications and Limitations in Orthopaedics

Hopper, Timothy Andrew John January 2005 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was to investigate some methods for quantitative analysis of bone structure, particularly techniques which might ultimately be applied post-operatively following orthopaedic reconstruction operations. Initially it was decided to explore the efficacy of MRI in quantifying the bone structure at high resolution by comparing high resolution MRI against 'gold standards' such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical histology. This basic study provided a measure of the distortions in the morphological bone parameters derived from MR images due to susceptibility artefacts and partial volume effects. The study of bone architecture was then extended to a model of advanced renal osteodystrophy in a growing rat. For this study, high-resolution micro computed tomography (microCT) was used and as a result of the high resolution images obtained, three new bone morphological parameters were introduced to characterise the bone structure. The desire to study bone architecture post-operatively in hip replacements led to a preliminary study on ex-vivo sheep acetabulae following total hip replacement, to determine the extent that the bone architecture could be investigated around the acetabulum. The motivation for studying the acetabulum was based on the high occurrence of debonding at the bone / prosthesis interface. This study demonstrated the superior nature of 3D MRI over conventional x-ray radiographs in early quantitation of fibrous membranes located between the host bone and the non-metallic implant and/or the bone cement. The presence of such fibrous membranes is strongly indicative of failure of the prosthesis. When using clinical MRI to image post-operative hip replacement, the image quality is severely affected by the presence of the metallic implant. The head of the prosthesis is shaped like a metal sphere and is located in the acetabular cup. This problem was investigated by performing simulations of MR images in the presence of the field perturbation induced by the presence of a metal sphere, with the effects of slice excitation and frequency encoding incorporated into the simulations. The simulations were compared with experimental data obtained by imaging a phantom comprising a stainless steel ball bearing immersed in agarose gel. The simulations were used to predict the effects of changing imaging parameters that influence artefact size and also to show how current metal artefact reduction techniques such as view angle tilting (VAT) work and to identify their limitations. It was shown that 2D SE and VAT imaging techniques should not be used when metallic prosthesis are present due to extreme slice distortion, whereas 3D MRI provided a method that has no slice distortion, although the effects of using a frequency encoding gradient still remain.

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