The purpose of this study was to compare the Alabama Praxis II test score outcomes between students who received degrees online versus traditional students at an Alabama regional institution of higher learning. A random sample consisted of 50 online graduate students and 50 on campus graduate students. The following 2 graduate master’s degree programs were selected for this study: the Master’s of Education (M.Ed.) degree in School Counseling and the Master’s of Science in Continuing Education (M.S.C.E.) degree in Guidance Counseling. A summarization of the research questions for this study include the following: Is there a significant difference between online and traditional graduate students based on the Alabama Praxis II test scores; is there a significant difference between online and traditional graduate students based on gender, ethnicity, and age; and is there a meaningful relationship among age, GRE (Graduate Record Exam) score, and the Alabama Praxis II test score between online and traditional graduate students at a small four-year regional university in Alabama? The t-test performed on question one revealed a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups, and the online students earned higher scores than the campus students on the Praxis II test. The t-test was also used to answer part of question 2. When comparing African-American campus students to Caucasian campus students, the t-test revealed a statistically significant difference with Caucasians scoring higher between the two groups. An ANOVA was also used for question two to determine if there was a statistically significant difference of Praxis II test scores between campus age groups and online age groups. There were no significant differences in Praxis II test scores when students were grouped by age. One possible explanation for this finding is because the study only consisted of graduate students. In conclusion, this researcher found evidence that online students scored higher on the Alabama Praxis II examination than traditional, on-campus students. This research was limited to a small university in west Alabama, and the researcher recommends that further research be conducted to include other institutions with a larger sample and greater distribution of demographic variables.

Many researchers have found that differences exist in counselors' professional identity (PI) associated with gender, learning opportunities, and specialty area. However, researchers have not focused on the impact of counselors' type of education program (online vs traditional) to PI. The purpose of this study was to address this gap and determine if differences exist in PI across program types for novice counselors. The framework for this study was built around the concept of PI, defined as including knowledge, expertise, professional roles, attitudes, behaviors, and interactions. The research question was designed to examine the differences in PIs across traditional and online education settings. A convenience sample of 140 new graduate participants was obtained for this cross-sectional survey study-113 from traditional programs and 27 from online programs. PI of participants was measured using the Professional Identity Scale in Counseling (PISC) and data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance with the covariates of gender and specialty area. The results did not show a significant difference in PI between program types, however, the means of the PISC showed that the group of online graduates scored slightly higher. While not statistically significant, the findings of the study contribute to positive social change by showing that no differences exist across the PI development of novice counselors based on program type. Therefore, counselor educators can continue to practice in ways that foster the development of students based on their education program type. Counselor education that fosters the development of student PI contributes to the community as a whole by producing individuals who are competent and knowledgeable for professional practice.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that requires extensive medical and pharmaceutical management. The coagulation antagonist warfarin is commonly prescribed to reduce AF-associated stroke. Although warfarin effectively mediates thromboembolitic risk, its management is complex as many factors influence its therapeutic range including: genetics, diet, medication, and herbal and dietary supplement (HDS) interactions. Lack of patient knowledge regarding these factors contributes to poor patient outcomes. With the emerging epidemic of AF, readily available educational tools are necessary to improve patient outcomes while reducing clinician burden. The purpose of this study was to develop both a self-learning, DVD-based and one-on-one education program to educate patients with atrial fibrillation about the risks of HDS-warfarin interactions and to compare education method efficacy in AF disease management. This study found patients lack knowledge regarding HDS-warfarin management, and both DVD-based and one-on-one education models could increase patient knowledge regarding HDS-warfarin factors. It is hypothesized this education method may be employed to further educate chronic disease populations about essential disease-associated factors to improve outcomes while reducing clinical burdens.

<p>Syftet med det här arbetet är att lyfta fram och bidra med erfarenheter och kunskaper inom läraryrket och undervisningen i skolan, utifrån en lärares livs - och yrkesberättelse. Som redskap har jag använt mig av livsberättelsemetoden, vilket är en kvalitativ intervjumetod där det främst handlar om att lyfta fram berättaren. I det här arbetet får vi ta del av en engagerad och flexibel lärare som har arbetat i 25 år. Hon beskriver hur hon arbetar med Kiwimetoden i åldersblandade klasser, för att främja elevers läs- och skrivutveckling. I undervisningen använder sig läraren av både helhetsmetoden och ljudmetoden. Lärandet sker i sociala samspel och undervisningen individanpassas utifrån elevernas nivå, erfarenheter och intressen. Arbetet tar upp begreppen, arbetslag, traditionell undervisning, åldersblandade klasser och Kiwimetoden.</p><p> </p><p>I intervjuerna förmedlar läraren en positiv bild av barn och lärande, samt vikten av att underlätta läs- och skrivundervisningen för alla barn. Dessutom ska man inte vara rädd för att prova nya arbetssätt och metoder.</p><p> </p> / <p>The purpose of this project is to raise and contribute with experience and knowledge within the profession as a teacher and the education in school, seen from the point of view of a teacher´s lives- and profession story. As a tool I have used the lifehistory method, which is a qualitative method of interviews wich most is about to bring out the story teller. In this work we take part of an engaging and flexible teacher whom has working for 25 years as a professional teacher. She describes how she is working whit the Kiwi method in mixed ageing classes, to promote the pupils reading and writing development. In the education program the teachers use both the entirety method and the sound method. The teaching happens in social teamwork and the education is individually adapted from outside the pupil´s level of experience and interestes. The work bring up the conceptions of teamwork, traditional education, mixed ageing classes and the Kiwi method.</p><p> </p><p>In the interviews the teacher mediate a positive picture of children and their learning, the important of facilitate the reading- and writing education for all the children. Beside, you shouldn´t be afraid to try new ways of working manners and methods.</p>

Syftet med det här arbetet är att lyfta fram och bidra med erfarenheter och kunskaper inom läraryrket och undervisningen i skolan, utifrån en lärares livs - och yrkesberättelse. Som redskap har jag använt mig av livsberättelsemetoden, vilket är en kvalitativ intervjumetod där det främst handlar om att lyfta fram berättaren. I det här arbetet får vi ta del av en engagerad och flexibel lärare som har arbetat i 25 år. Hon beskriver hur hon arbetar med Kiwimetoden i åldersblandade klasser, för att främja elevers läs- och skrivutveckling. I undervisningen använder sig läraren av både helhetsmetoden och ljudmetoden. Lärandet sker i sociala samspel och undervisningen individanpassas utifrån elevernas nivå, erfarenheter och intressen. Arbetet tar upp begreppen, arbetslag, traditionell undervisning, åldersblandade klasser och Kiwimetoden.   I intervjuerna förmedlar läraren en positiv bild av barn och lärande, samt vikten av att underlätta läs- och skrivundervisningen för alla barn. Dessutom ska man inte vara rädd för att prova nya arbetssätt och metoder. / The purpose of this project is to raise and contribute with experience and knowledge within the profession as a teacher and the education in school, seen from the point of view of a teacher´s lives- and profession story. As a tool I have used the lifehistory method, which is a qualitative method of interviews wich most is about to bring out the story teller. In this work we take part of an engaging and flexible teacher whom has working for 25 years as a professional teacher. She describes how she is working whit the Kiwi method in mixed ageing classes, to promote the pupils reading and writing development. In the education program the teachers use both the entirety method and the sound method. The teaching happens in social teamwork and the education is individually adapted from outside the pupil´s level of experience and interestes. The work bring up the conceptions of teamwork, traditional education, mixed ageing classes and the Kiwi method.   In the interviews the teacher mediate a positive picture of children and their learning, the important of facilitate the reading- and writing education for all the children. Beside, you shouldn´t be afraid to try new ways of working manners and methods.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although Problem-based learning (PBL) approach is a common teaching technique in medical education, its use in the field of respiratory therapy is somewhat controversial. With so many programs adopting PBL strategies, it is important to examine whether there are differences between PBL and traditional teaching approaches in regards to learning outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if there are any significant differences between PBL and lecture-based program students in their cognitive abilities in mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Two universities with BS programs in respiratory therapy were chosen—one uses PBL (15 participants) and on uses lecture-based method (24 participants). All 39 participants were given10 multiple-choice questions related to mechanical ventilation derived from the NBRC RRT written exam forms (C & D) as a pre and a post test. RESULTS: The dependent t-test showed a significant difference between the pre and post test of the lecture-based and the PBL groups, resulting in a p value of 0.006 and 0.025 respectively. The independent t-test showed a significant difference in the pre-test favoring the lecture-based group (p = 0.039). However, the independent t-test showed no significant difference in the post-test (p=0.085) CONCLUSIONS: PBL is increasing in popularity despite the fact that studies of its efficacy have been thus far inconclusive. This study has shown PBL to be effective, but not significantly more effective than traditional lecture-based methods in regards to objective test scores.

The purpose of the study was to establish a methodology for evaluating the receptivity of faculty and administrators to proposals for an on-going program of N-TE. Sub-purposes were (1) identification of criteria for evaluating institutional readiness, (2) field application and test of the criteria, and (3) development of techniques and methodologies for determining the optimum state of readiness a small college should achieve before proceeding with N-TE. Judged by the response by some interviewees, the critical factor in implementing N-TE successfully is a spirit of readiness, zeal, or fervor of faculty and administrators. They want to provide educational services and want to serve people whose needs have not been met previously.

The thesis deals with the global phenomenon of free education as a radical alternative to the present mainstream educational system. The author's goal is to describe phenomenon of free education and to find out to what extent this Sudbury educational model is viable, realizable and requested in other environment (incl. CR) and what results it brings, on the base of a content analysis of domestic, but particularly foreign sources and by means of an analysis of media reports and questioning from the background of the American Sudbury Valley School. The thesis is opened by an explanation of the necessity to change the educational paradigm to make it reflect the reality of the 21st century, and by mutual specification of the terms traditional and free education. Further chapters introduce the concept of free education; a substantial part of the thesis then provides a detailed insight into the operation and normal life of the Sudbury Valley School, including the results of its graduates in further education and in practical life. In the last chapter the author summarizes the research results and concludes that free education in democratic schools is, despite criticism and scepticism of a part of the public, an interesting, feasible and viable (not in the CR yet because of legislation barriers) alternative to the...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative effect of problem based learning with a non local perspective (PBL1), problem based learning with a local perspective (PBL2) and traditionally designed environmental education (TRD) lectures on elementary school (7th grade) students&rsquo / environmental attitude / specifically by the 3 dimensions as / general environmental awareness, general attitude toward solutions, and awareness of individual responsibility. The sample consisted of 95 7th grade students from a public elementary school in Nigde. Three classes instructed by the same science teacher are randomly assigned as control group and experimental groups. All the groups were taught the topic &ldquo / Why do ecosystems change?&rdquo / for four weeks. On the other hand, the control group was taught through TRD, one of the experimental groups was taught through PBL with a non local perspective, and the other experimental group was taught through PBL with a local perspective. Students in TRD group received an instruction based on teacher explanations and textbooks. On the other hand, the experimental groups dealt with ill- structured real life problems working in small groups. The problem of PBL1 group was selected as &ldquo / the declining environmental conditions of Manyas Lake&rdquo / and the problem of PBL2 group was selected as &ldquo / the declining v environmental conditions of Akkaya Dam in Nigde&rdquo / to create a non local / local difference between the experimental groups. Environmental Attitude Questionnaire (EAQ) was administered to all groups as pre-test to determine the prior environmental attitude. The worksheets, on the other hand, used by experimental groups in their group work were examined to reveal the quality of the process. After the treatment, EAQ was administered to all groups as a post-test to compare the effectiveness of PBL1, PBL2 and TRD on students&rsquo / environmental attitude. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to investigate the effect of traditionally designed EE, Problem Based designed EE, and Problem Based with a local perspective designed EE on students&rsquo / general environmental awareness, awareness of individual responsibility and general attitude toward solutions when students&rsquo / prior general environmental awareness, prior awareness of individual responsibility and prior general attitude toward solutions are controlled. The results of the study revealed that, students in PBL2 group had significantly more positive environmental attitudes in general environmental awareness and general attitude toward solutions dimensions than TRD group and in all three dimensions of the questionnaire than PBL1 group. Moreover, TRD group had significantly more positive attitude than PBL1 group in students&rsquo / awareness of individual responsibility determined after the treatment.

Cette thèse, intitulée "L’enseignement traditionnel en Mauritanie : rôle éducatif et perspectives d’évolution", porte sur l’histoire et la situation actuelle de ce type d’enseignement, notamment de sa principale institution : la mahadra. La première partie du travail comprend une présentation de la Mauritanie dans ses différentes dimensions (géographique, historique, socio-culturelle, linguistique…), puis l’étude du système éducatif traditionnel en Mauritanie à l’époque précoloniale et coloniale, et celle du rôle de la mahadra dans la préservation de l’identité culturelle du pays. Dans une seconde partie, il est question de l’enseignement traditionnel depuis l’indépendance du pays jusqu’à nos jours. Il s’agit de passer en revue l’état de ce type d’enseignement et d’examiner l’évolution des politiques menées par les pouvoirs publics dans ce domaine. Nous analysons la situation actuelle de l’enseignement traditionnel, s’agissant aussi bien des écoles ou instituts publics et privés que des mahadras. Enfin, dans la troisième et dernière partie, il est question de l’interprétation des résultats d’une enquête que nous avons réalisée en février - juillet 2011 dans certaines mahadras et autres institutions de l’enseignement traditionnel et de l’interaction entre enseignement moderne et système traditionnel. Sont également étudiées les expériences et études réalisées dans ce domaine depuis l’introduction des médersas, au début du XXe siècle, jusqu’à nos jours. / The present study, entitled "Traditional teaching in Mauritania: educational role and perspective of evolution", is about history and nowadays situation of the traditional Islamic teaching in this country. The first part of the work includes a presentation of Mauritania in its various geographical, historical, socio-cultural and linguistic dimensions. The traditional education system in pre-colonial period as well as colonial period is discussed in this part; the role of mahadra in the conservation of the cultural identity of the country is highlighted. In the second part, traditional teaching and other different kinds of teaching are described since the independence of the country until now. We examine the evolution of the policies carried out by the public authorities in this field. The present situation of the traditional education, as well as that of other public and private institutes, is then discussed. Finally, in the third and last part, we give an interpretation of the results of the survey we conducted in February - July 2011 in some mahadras and institutions of traditional education. We analyze also the interactions between public school and traditional system, in the light of some experiments and studies carried out in this field since the introduction of the medersas, in the beginning of the XXth century, until now.