A potato varietal trial, the equivalent of the final step in a potato breeding and testing program was conducted in 1972 at the Farmington Experimental Sub-station, Farmington, Utah. The test consisted of twelve named varieties and two numbered selections. This study measured the yielding capacity of new potato varieties and selections during one growing season at one location in Utah. Yields were compared with those of the older accepted varieties grown in the state and used as control or standard varieties in the varietal trial. This study provided valuable information for growers and processors in determining the suitability of these varieties for production in Utah. Data was obtained on total yield; yield and percentage of U.S. No.1 potatoes over and under 3 inches in diameter or 10 ounces in weight; U.S. No.2 and culls and small potatoes under 1 7/8 inches in diameter; the incidence of hollow heart and internal discoloration and chipping quality of certain varieties. LaRouge and Chieftain were significantly higher than Red Pontiac in yield of U.S. No.1 potatoes. LaChipper, Abnaki, ND 7196-18, Platte and Shurchip were significantly higher than Raritan, Norchip and Kennebec. The incidence of hollow heart in Abnaki, Raritan, LaChipper and ND 6925- 13 Russ was significantly higher than the other ten varieties in the test. The percentage of internal discoloration in selection ND 6925-13 Russ was signifi cantly higher than all other varieties tested. Norchip and selection ND 7196-18 produced light colored chips on both chipping dates.

Proposes two buildings located at the top of the raised part of the resolved region. One building is positioned parallel to the access road. The shape of the building recalls the long kubus facing in the direction of the driveway and the building of accommodation is designed perpendicular to the object. Both objects are embedded into the basement terrain. Accommodation building is situated on the south, bright and warm side with a beautiful view.

This study illustrates the impact of the Tamiami Trail on the people and environment of South Florida through an examination of the road’s origins, construction and implementation. By exploring the motives behind building the highway, the subsequent assimilation of indigenous societies, the drastic population growth that occurred as a result of a propagated “Florida Dream”, and the environmental decline of the surrounding Everglades, this analysis reveals that the Tamiami Trail is viewed today through a much different context than that of the road’s builders and promoters in the early twentieth century. While construction projects that aim to prevent, or limit the once celebrated environmental destruction caused by the Tamiami Trail, the unrelenting and economically stimulating growth of South Florida continues to uncover a “paradox of progress.”

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The current status of the Appalachian Trail in the Commonwealth of Virginia is presented, and the role that easements will play in promoting Virginia's efforts to protect the Trail is investigated. Various aspects of easements are analyzed, including approaches to the appraisal of easements, and the effect of easements on income and property taxes. In concluding, easements are compared with fee acquisition of recreational lands and purchase and lease back. Both positive and negative aspects of easements as reflected in the Virginia Appalachian Trail program are discussed. / M.S.

Traditional trails near backcountry stream corridors are often designed with disregard to their potential ecological impact. Ecological and trail related literature show that riparian landscapes are sensitive to recreation impacts. This thesis examines concepts for designing trails in ecologically compatible ways near backcountry stream corridors. The synthesis of the literature regarding the biophysical processes of stream corridors and the effects of trails on the environment is used to help develop principles and guidelines for locating trails near backcountry stream corridors. In turn, these principles and guidelines assisted in the development of a trail assessment manual useful to scientists, planners, and designers. Seven trail impacts are assessed: excessive soil erosion, wet trails, water on trails, excessive trail widths, multiple trails, root exposure, and stream sedimentation. Three backcountry study sites from the Appalachian Ridge and Valley Province of Virginia are evaluated. A ranking and measurement procedure is developed to characterize environmental, use, design/siting, construction, and maintenance factors because each of these influence the degree of impacts along studied trails. Results show that many steep trail segments, especially those without proper drainage features have incised or eroded trail treads. Likewise, many trail segments without drainage features located along flat adjacent landforms have wet soil and water on trail impacts. Overall results show that as use amount or type increase there is a parallel in trail and environmental degradation. Finally, a stream crossing and trail drainage concept is developed illustrating ways to reduce sediment inputs into nearby streams. / Master of Landscape Architecture

While many people enjoy hiking as a weekend activity, to many outdoor enthusiasts there is a hiking culture with which they feel affiliated. However, the way that these cultures interact with each other is still unclear. Exploring these different cultures and understanding how they relate to each other can help in engaging stakeholders of the trail. This is an important step toward finding ways to encourage environmentally friendly outdoor recreation practices and developing hiker-approved (and environmentally conscious) technologies to use on the trail. We explored these cultures by analyzing an extensive collection of tweets (over 1.5 million). We used topic modeling to identify the topics described by the communities of Triple Crown trails. We labeled training data for a classifier that identifies tweets relating to depreciative behaviors on the trail. Then, we compared the distribution of tweets across various depreciative trail behaviors to those of corresponding blog posts in order to see how tweets reflected cultures in comparison with blog posts. To harness metadata beyond the text of the tweets, we experimented with visualization techniques. We combined those efforts with ethnographic studies of hikers and conservancy organizations to produce this exploration of trail cultures. In this thesis, we show that through the use of natural language processing, we can identify cultural differences between trail communities. We identify the most significantly discussed forms of trail depreciation, which is helpful to conservation organizations so that they can more appropriately share which Leave No Trace practices hikers should place extra effort into practicing. / Master of Science / In a memoir of her hike on the Pacific Crest Trail, Wild, Cheryl Strayed said to a reporter in an amused tone, “I’m not a hobo, I’m a long-distance hiker”. While many people enjoy hiking as a weekend activity, to many outdoor enthusiasts there is a hiking culture with which they feel affiliated. There are cultures of trail conservation, and cultures of trail depreciation. There are cultures of long-distance hiking, and there are cultures of day hiking and weekend warrior hiking. There are also cultures across different hiking trails—where the hikers of one trail have different sets of values and behaviors than for another trail. However, the way that these cultures interact with each other is still unclear. Exploring these different cultures and understanding how they relate to each other can help in engaging stakeholders of the trail. This is an important step toward finding ways to encourage environmentally friendly outdoor recreation practices and developing hiker-approved (and environmentally conscious) technologies to use on the trail. We decided to explore these cultures by analyzing an extensive collection of tweets (over 1.5 million). We combined those expoorts with ethnographic style studies of conservancy organizations and avid hikers to produce this exploration of trail cultures.

The definition of technology may have changed quite a bit over the years, but people have been bringing technology to remote, natural locations since long before concepts like recreational hiking or national parks existed. Nowadays, "digital" is usually implied before the word technology, and discussion of technology and trails often revolves around smartphones and GPS systems. However, a wide variety of hiking gear has benefited from precise engineering and product design. Even with more digital products hitting the shelves, many hikers go out on the trail to get away from or limit their use of technology, however they may define that word. Before any technology for the trail can be designed, the diverse perspectives of hikers must be explored rather than taking them for granted. Polling hikers through digital means or even delivering prototypes for research through design seems disingenuous when part of the target audience has negative attitudes towards technology. For this reason, cultural probes stood out as a useful method for understanding hikers and inspiring future directions for Technology on the Trail. The heart of the matter is indeed a question of culture, so probes are a logical choice for teasing out a variety of viewpoints. The goal of this study is not to design new technology. Rather, the goal is to find a way to make technology and nature more harmonious in the context of hiking. This could end up requiring new designs, but it could also be a matter of shifting perspective instead. No device or gear will ever be for everyone, and that's natural. Technology on the Trail can still seek to support both users of technology and the bystanders who are affected by the technology use of others. / Master of Science / Technology is nothing new on the trail. People have been bringing various “technologies” to remote, natural locations long before recreational hiking or national parks existed. The definition of technology, however, has changed quite a bit over the years. Long ago, the stars were an important aspect of wayfinding, and devices to track star positions were innovative. Nowadays, people tend to see smartphones and GPS systems as technology. Hiking technology has been growing more advanced in recent years, including many digital technologies. However, many hikers go out on the trail to get away from or limit their use of technology. Hikers have a diverse range of perspectives on how technology should and shouldn’t fit into outdoor settings, and designers should listen to these perspectives before creating new technologies. This study aims to create a dialogue with hikers that explores their usage of and opinions on technology for hiking. Several activities were created that would allow participants to creatively engage with us researchers, such as a scrapbook activity and a scavenger hunt. These methods follow a style of research called “cultural probes” in which researchers use creative prompts and activities to explore the culture of a target audience. By listening to the diverse perspectives of hikers, this study hopes to find a way to make technology and nature more harmonious. No device or gear will ever be for everyone, and that’s natural. Technology on the Trail can still seek to support the people who do want to use technology, and it can seek to make those technologies minimally invasive for people who don’t.