Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2006 / Refer to document

Com o objetivo de compreender o desenvolvimento de bebês humanos, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico para se discutir alguns processos a eles atrelados. Nesse levantamento, apreendeu-se que os bebês apresentam amplo repertório de competências e capacidades, que são fundamentais para o estabelecimento e a manutenção de suas interações sociais. Destacou-se ainda que a natureza dessas interações envolve características como sincronia, co-regulação e contingência de comportamentos exibidos pelos bebês e parceiros e são entremeadas por comunicação. Nas investigações voltadas especificamente a esta última temática, sinalizou-se o estabelecimento precoce de um sistema de comunicação entre díade, bem como foram indicados os meios através dos quais a comunicação principia e com os quais as habilidades comunicativas podem ser iniciadas. Porém, na maioria dessas investigações, não se priorizou a microgênese dos processos de (trans)formação da comunicação do bebê. Considerando essa lacuna, objetivou-se: a) destacar algumas das formas do bebê se expressar, através das quais se apreende o estabelecimento e a manutenção da comunicação com seu(s) parceiro(s), situando-as em relação ao contexto sociocultural onde se desenvolvem; e b) investigar empiricamente a concretude dessas transformações, ao longo dos cinco meses iniciais de vida. O objetivo foi conduzido tendo como base a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Rede de Significações (RedSig), encontrando em Vygotsky, Bakhtin e Wallon sua fundamentação teórica. O estudo empírico estruturou-se através de um estudo de caso, longitudinal, acompanhando o bebê Marina, ao longo de todo primeiro ano de vida. O registro foi feito através de gravações em video, de uma hora contínua, preponderantemente no ambiente doméstico. Nos seis primeiros meses, as gravações foram semanais e, nos subseqüentes, quinzenais. O material gravado resultou num acervo de 40 horas, dentre as quais se optou por transcrever microgeneticamente apenas as dos seis primeiros meses de coleta. Dessas transcrições, foram selecionados cinco episódios, nos quais se realizou uma análise microgenética para discussão dos resultados. Ao longo desses cinco episódios, foram destacados os meios de comunicação de Marina e as transformações das formas de se expressar, particularmente aquelas referentes aos olhares, sorrisos e vocalizações. Destas, destacou-se o estabelecimento e a manutenção da comunicação entre Marina e seus cuidadores, em um contexto de interação, onde se privilegia a proximidade e/ou contato corporal com a menina, as trocas face-a-face e o direcionamento da atenção daqueles familiares exclusivamente a ela, além da sensibilização deles às situações de contato visual e trocas verbais/vocais. Também foram apresentadas diferentes configurações desse processo de transformação, a partir da discussão do encadeamento e entrelaçamento de diversos elementos - por exemplo, as características da espécie humana e das pessoas em interação -, ao longo de cada episódio e destes entre si. A exposição de tais elementos foi fundamental para se demarcar efetivamente a processualidade da transformação da comunicação de Marina. Por fim, aponta-se a necessidade de serem realizados outros estudos que também analisem microgeneticamente a concretude do processo de transformação da comunicação humana. / A bibliographic research was made aiming to comprehend the infant development as well as to discuss some processes related to it. It was apprehended that infants show a broad repertoire of competencies and capabilities which are fundamental to establish and keep their social interactions. It was also highlighted the nature of these with interactions which are interspersed with communication involving synchrony, co-regulation and contingency of behavior shown by infants and caregivers. During specific investigation concerning the communication only, it was noticed the precocious establishment of a communication system between the dyadic. It was also noticed the ways to which the communication begins and where communication abilities are initiated. However, the microgenesis of the transformation process of the infant communication was not a priority during the majority of the investigation. Taking this gap into consideration the aim was to: a) highlight some of the infant\'s ways of expression through which it\'s apprehended the establishment and maintenance of the communication with caregivers and also to situate it into the sociocultural context in which they are developed; and b) empirically investigate this transformation concreteness along the five first years of life. The study was conducted based on the theoretical methodological perspective of Net of Meanings, which is theoretically substantiated by Vygotsky, Bakhtin and Wallon. This empirical study was structured by a longitudinal case study, in which the infant Marina was observed during her whole first year of life. Video records were made lasting one hour non-stop each and it took place mainly in the domestic environment. During the first six months there were weekly records and subsequently they were fortnightly. The recorded material resulted in a 40-hour collection from which a microgenetically transcript was made. Five of the episodes were selected in order to perform a microgenetic analysis for discussion of the results. Throughout these five selected episodes Marina\'s means of communication were exposed as well as the transformation of the ways of expressing herself, particularly those related to the looks, smiles and vocalizations. Attention was also drawn by the establishment and maintenance of Marina\'s communication with her caregivers in a context of interaction in which the proximity and/or body contact with the girl is emphasized as well as the face-to-face exchanges and the exclusive attention directed from the family members to the infant, not to mention the awareness of the relatives to eye-contact and verbal/vocal exchange situations. From the chaining and interleaving discussion of several elements it was possible to present different configurations concerning the transformation process - for example, characteristics of the human species and of the people interacting - along each episode and all of them together. Showing such elements was fundamental to delimit effectively Marina\'s communication transformation process. Finally, the necessity of other studies which analyses microgenetically the concreteness of the human communication transformation process is observed.

Flexible electronics using III-V materials for nano-electronics with high electron mobility and optoelectronics with direct band gap are attractive for many applications. This thesis describes a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process for transforming traditional III-V materials based electronics into flexible one. The thesis reports releasing 200 nm of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) from 200 nm GaAs / 300 nm Aluminum Arsenide (AlAs) stack on GaAs substrate using diluted hydrofluoric acid (HF). This process enables releasing a single top layer compared to peeling off all layers with small sizes at the same time. This is done utilizing a network of release holes that contributes to the better transparency (45 % at 724 nm wavelengths) observed. Fabrication of metal oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAPs) on GaAs is followed by releasing it to have devices on flexible 200 nm GaAs. Similarly, flexible GaSb and InP fabrication process is also reported to transform traditional electronics into large-area flexible electronics.

Com o objetivo de compreender o desenvolvimento de bebês humanos, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico para se discutir alguns processos a eles atrelados. Nesse levantamento, apreendeu-se que os bebês apresentam amplo repertório de competências e capacidades, que são fundamentais para o estabelecimento e a manutenção de suas interações sociais. Destacou-se ainda que a natureza dessas interações envolve características como sincronia, co-regulação e contingência de comportamentos exibidos pelos bebês e parceiros e são entremeadas por comunicação. Nas investigações voltadas especificamente a esta última temática, sinalizou-se o estabelecimento precoce de um sistema de comunicação entre díade, bem como foram indicados os meios através dos quais a comunicação principia e com os quais as habilidades comunicativas podem ser iniciadas. Porém, na maioria dessas investigações, não se priorizou a microgênese dos processos de (trans)formação da comunicação do bebê. Considerando essa lacuna, objetivou-se: a) destacar algumas das formas do bebê se expressar, através das quais se apreende o estabelecimento e a manutenção da comunicação com seu(s) parceiro(s), situando-as em relação ao contexto sociocultural onde se desenvolvem; e b) investigar empiricamente a concretude dessas transformações, ao longo dos cinco meses iniciais de vida. O objetivo foi conduzido tendo como base a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Rede de Significações (RedSig), encontrando em Vygotsky, Bakhtin e Wallon sua fundamentação teórica. O estudo empírico estruturou-se através de um estudo de caso, longitudinal, acompanhando o bebê Marina, ao longo de todo primeiro ano de vida. O registro foi feito através de gravações em video, de uma hora contínua, preponderantemente no ambiente doméstico. Nos seis primeiros meses, as gravações foram semanais e, nos subseqüentes, quinzenais. O material gravado resultou num acervo de 40 horas, dentre as quais se optou por transcrever microgeneticamente apenas as dos seis primeiros meses de coleta. Dessas transcrições, foram selecionados cinco episódios, nos quais se realizou uma análise microgenética para discussão dos resultados. Ao longo desses cinco episódios, foram destacados os meios de comunicação de Marina e as transformações das formas de se expressar, particularmente aquelas referentes aos olhares, sorrisos e vocalizações. Destas, destacou-se o estabelecimento e a manutenção da comunicação entre Marina e seus cuidadores, em um contexto de interação, onde se privilegia a proximidade e/ou contato corporal com a menina, as trocas face-a-face e o direcionamento da atenção daqueles familiares exclusivamente a ela, além da sensibilização deles às situações de contato visual e trocas verbais/vocais. Também foram apresentadas diferentes configurações desse processo de transformação, a partir da discussão do encadeamento e entrelaçamento de diversos elementos - por exemplo, as características da espécie humana e das pessoas em interação -, ao longo de cada episódio e destes entre si. A exposição de tais elementos foi fundamental para se demarcar efetivamente a processualidade da transformação da comunicação de Marina. Por fim, aponta-se a necessidade de serem realizados outros estudos que também analisem microgeneticamente a concretude do processo de transformação da comunicação humana. / A bibliographic research was made aiming to comprehend the infant development as well as to discuss some processes related to it. It was apprehended that infants show a broad repertoire of competencies and capabilities which are fundamental to establish and keep their social interactions. It was also highlighted the nature of these with interactions which are interspersed with communication involving synchrony, co-regulation and contingency of behavior shown by infants and caregivers. During specific investigation concerning the communication only, it was noticed the precocious establishment of a communication system between the dyadic. It was also noticed the ways to which the communication begins and where communication abilities are initiated. However, the microgenesis of the transformation process of the infant communication was not a priority during the majority of the investigation. Taking this gap into consideration the aim was to: a) highlight some of the infant\'s ways of expression through which it\'s apprehended the establishment and maintenance of the communication with caregivers and also to situate it into the sociocultural context in which they are developed; and b) empirically investigate this transformation concreteness along the five first years of life. The study was conducted based on the theoretical methodological perspective of Net of Meanings, which is theoretically substantiated by Vygotsky, Bakhtin and Wallon. This empirical study was structured by a longitudinal case study, in which the infant Marina was observed during her whole first year of life. Video records were made lasting one hour non-stop each and it took place mainly in the domestic environment. During the first six months there were weekly records and subsequently they were fortnightly. The recorded material resulted in a 40-hour collection from which a microgenetically transcript was made. Five of the episodes were selected in order to perform a microgenetic analysis for discussion of the results. Throughout these five selected episodes Marina\'s means of communication were exposed as well as the transformation of the ways of expressing herself, particularly those related to the looks, smiles and vocalizations. Attention was also drawn by the establishment and maintenance of Marina\'s communication with her caregivers in a context of interaction in which the proximity and/or body contact with the girl is emphasized as well as the face-to-face exchanges and the exclusive attention directed from the family members to the infant, not to mention the awareness of the relatives to eye-contact and verbal/vocal exchange situations. From the chaining and interleaving discussion of several elements it was possible to present different configurations concerning the transformation process - for example, characteristics of the human species and of the people interacting - along each episode and all of them together. Showing such elements was fundamental to delimit effectively Marina\'s communication transformation process. Finally, the necessity of other studies which analyses microgenetically the concreteness of the human communication transformation process is observed.

This study explores the transformation of national syllabuses into local ones, as expressed in teachers’ organized conversations. It also investigates what view of knowledge is expressed in local syllabuses and what implications that view has for the educational task entrusted to schools by society. The data collected consist of six focus-group conversations in which teachers discuss national and local syllabuses. The thesis takes its theoretical point of departure in relational curriculum theory, with support from Ricoeur. These perspectives form the basis for the model that is used to study the transformation of national syllabuses are transformed into local ones – and what they are transformed in relation to. This transformation process results in four local ‘spaces of possibilities’: The analysis shows that teachers interpret the national syllabuses as documents which open up unlimited freedom in their teaching. The teachers use this freedom to turn from the content of national syllabuses towards other texts. Teachers feel that the only thing limiting them in their teaching is the grading of students, which places many different kinds of demands on them. The view of knowledge that emerges from the spaces of possibilities described is an individualistic one. The teachers fall back on their own experience, rather than reading, interpreting and developing an understanding of what the national syllabuses mean in relation to their experience and knowledge. In terms of content, the education provided is directed inwards towards the teacher’s own individual view of knowledge, rather than outwards towards the task given to schools by society. It is concluded that it is the teachers who, individually and based on their personal points of view, decide what knowledge students need to prepare them for life, rather than the goals set out in national syllabuses. / <p>Charlotta Pettersson</p><p>is also affiliated to / är också knuten till</p><p>Specialpedagogiska skolmyndigheten</p>

The religious landscape in Sweden has changed in recent years as a result of secularization processes, individualization, and migration. This has led to religion occupying new places in society and one such place is media. The visibility of religion in the media creates space for debate about what role religion should play in different context, which in this thesis applies to school. Since 2018, there has been a debate in the media regarding the being or non-being of independent confessional schools. This bachelor thesis aims to examine the arguments that appear in the criticism versus the defense of independent confessional schools in debate articles in Sweden. Debate articles from the Swedish newspapers Svenska Dagbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Expressen are examined with qualitative text analysis. The result shows that the most common arguments among those who want to ban independent confessional schools are: religious indoctrination, segregation, and extremism. From the other side of the debate are the ones who defend independent confessional schools and the most common arguments from this side are: freedom of religion, corresponds to the Swedish curriculum, and integration. Further, an additional aim is to analyze how the debate can be understood using the theoretical concepts of narrative, institutional and cultural transformation processes in mediatization theory. The analysis shows that there are signs of these transformation processes in the debate articles. Many of the debate articles on the ban side are structured according to media logics where one perspective is set against another to provoke reactions from the readers, which expresses the narrative transformation process. The institutional transformation process is reflected in how actors from different institutions communicate in the debate, where political actors control the debate and religious actors adapt accordingly. The cultural transformation process is made visible by seeing how the debate relates to the surrounding society which is characterized by secular norms on one hand and increased religious diversity on the other.

Credit unions, original pioneer of self-help financing idea, have become one of the functional components of modern financial sector. During their development, they went through many changes due to the political and economical conditions in Czech Republic. Among others, credit unions have also experienced period of bankruptcies and loss of public trust. However they managed to maintain their unique position as well as the features and for that they deserve our interest. The thesis focuses on the circumstances that affected the credit union sector development. The practical part addresses Fio -- the former credit union. Financial analysis and the process of Fio's transformation from the credit union to the bank is described.

<p>The Hungarian agricultural sector has undergone substantial changes between 1992 and 2003, which was a period of transformation from command economy to an EU-conform market economy. The question is whether the Hungarian agricultural sector was able to keep its competitiveness despite the extensive transformation. The aim of this paper is to measure the competitiveness of Hungarian agri-food product groups in relation to the ones of the EU-15 during the transformation period. Results indicate that the competitiveness, measured by revealed comparative advantage (RCA), of the studied agri-food product groups has not changed considerably. The strong position of the Hungarian agricultural sector could be maintained because its competitiveness is based on factor endowments, which are not affected by changes of economic policy. The observed moderate fluctuations of competitiveness can be derived to trade concession changes.</p>

The Hungarian agricultural sector has undergone substantial changes between 1992 and 2003, which was a period of transformation from command economy to an EU-conform market economy. The question is whether the Hungarian agricultural sector was able to keep its competitiveness despite the extensive transformation. The aim of this paper is to measure the competitiveness of Hungarian agri-food product groups in relation to the ones of the EU-15 during the transformation period. Results indicate that the competitiveness, measured by revealed comparative advantage (RCA), of the studied agri-food product groups has not changed considerably. The strong position of the Hungarian agricultural sector could be maintained because its competitiveness is based on factor endowments, which are not affected by changes of economic policy. The observed moderate fluctuations of competitiveness can be derived to trade concession changes.

La connaissance, et plus particulièrement, la gestion des connaissances est un enjeu stratégique qui peut fournir un avantage concurrentiel non négligeable dans une économie compétitive et dynamique. Cependant, ce domaine possède un caractère interdisciplinaire indéniable. En effet, il est traité par de multiples disciplines telles que les sciences de l’information, l’informatique, la psychologie, l’économie ou les sciences de l’ingénierie.Les travaux de recherche présentés dans ce manuscrit ont eu lieu dans un contexte CIFRE (Conventions Industrielles de Formation par la REcherche). Le sujet initial est né de la collaboration entre l’équipe « Conception Collaborative » du laboratoire G-SCOP (laboratoire Grenoblois dédié aux Sciences de la Conception, de l'Optimisation et de la Production) et de la société BASSETTI, éditeur et intégrateur de la solution logiciel TEEXMA®.Dans le cadre des travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit, notre objectif a été d'étudier comment modéliser les processus de transfert de connaissance afin de mieux comprendre la façon dont ces derniers se mettent en place au sein des organisations. L’outil de modélisation proposé dans cette thèse repose en partie sur la réutilisation de modèles existants trouvés dans la littérature et sur une méthodologie d'observation des participants.Les recherches effectuées se sont déroulées en suivant une méthodologie de type recherche intervention. Afin de répondre à ce sujet, nous avons donc pu tester notre outil de modélisation à travers plusieurs études de cas terrain. Ces études ont permis de valider la première partie de nos hypothèses. Après cette phase de validation, nous avons cherché à évaluer l’appropriation de l’utilisation de notre outil de modélisation à la suite de formations. En parallèle, nous avons inclus notre outil de modélisation dans une démarche plus globale afin de diagnostiquer des situations de transfert de connaissance. Cette démarche globale a ensuite été appliquée à deux études de cas. Enfin nous avons dérivé l’usage de la démarche précédente. Cette fois ci, l’outil de modélisation est utilisé pour analyser les usages liés à des outils informatiques. / Knowledge, and more precisely, knowledge management, is a strategic issue that can provide a significant competitive advantage in a competitive and dynamic economy. However, this field has an undeniable interdisciplinary character. Indeed, it is treated by multiple research areas such as information science, computer science, psychology, economics or engineering sciences.The research presented in this thesis occurred in a CIFRE context (French Industrial Conventions). The initial research topic was born from the collaboration between the "Collaborative Design" team of the G-SCOP laboratory (Grenoble laboratory dedicated to the Sciences of Design, Optimization and Production) and the company BASSETTI, editor and integrator of the TEEXMA® software solution.As part of the work presented in this manuscript, our goal has been to study how to model knowledge transfer processes for a better understanding of how these processes are implemented within organizations. The modelling tool proposed in this thesis relies in part on the reuse of existing models found in the literature and on a participant observation methodology.The research carried out was conducted following an intervention research methodology. To answer this question, we were able to test our modelling tool through several case studies. These studies allowed to validate the first part of our hypotheses. After this validation phase, we sought to evaluate the appropriation of the use of our modelling tool after knowledge management trainings. In parallel, we have included our modelling tool in a more global approach to diagnose situations of knowledge transfer. This global approach was then applied to two case studies. Finally, we reused the previous approach. This time, the modelling tool was used to analyse uses related to computer tools.