<p>The purpose of this literature study was to describe the experiences of the transition period.Data were collected through databases CINAHL and Medline / Pubmed 19 articles wereincluded in the study. The result was divided into five different items. Given the result thenewly graduated nurses found out that the process of transition was an uncertain timefollowed by faltering confidence. They were totally unprepared for the clinical work and theresponsibility which followed. The pressure and expectations from themselves and colleagueswere big and heavy to carry. Colleagues saw the most recent graduates as unprofessional and"eternal students". Good and constructive support and guidance shows that transition processis easier to handle while an inadequate support could affect the performance of graduates and,at worst, lead them leaving the profession. The great responsibility that the graduates facedwere experienced very stressful especially medical management and patient safety, increasedtheir anxiety and that they found it difficult to transfer their theoretical knowledge intopractice. The results also show the positive experiences of the newly graduates. Manyexperienced the transition process as challenging and evolving, and something that they couldlearn from.</p>

The I-V characteristics of Tin films in the superconducting transition have been measured when ac current was applied. The experimental results suggest that the electrical response in ac is not satisfied with the I-V equation in dc. A new equation was suggested to describe the vortex motion and the vortex pair separation in the two dimensional superconducting transition with ac current, which is satisfied with our experimental results. The excess noises of Tin films in the superconducting transition have been found to depend strongly on the temperature and ac current. An empirical expression of voltage noise density in term of resistance has been used to fit the data. The peak of voltage noise density follows closely but always shifted down from dR/dT. Comparison with the dc noise measurement shows the voltage noise density with ac current is much larger than with dc current. The excess noises with ac appear earlier than the noises with dc. The difference of excess noises between ac and dc can be explained by the fluctuation of vortex pair separation process which dominates the noises generation in ac. I-V characteristics and voltage noises are measured simultaneously to reveal the nature of the excess noises. The coincidence of the excess noise and the third harmonic voltage suggests that the fluctuation of vortex pair separation process is one of the main contributions to excess noises in the two dimensional superconducting transition.

This study examines the preparation during high school and post-secondary outcomes of students with disabilities. High school preparation consists of activities in which students participated during high school. Post-secondary outcomes relate to the current status of students following high school graduation in relation to the four major outcomes areas: (a) post-secondary education, (b) employment, (c) independent living, and (d) recreation and leisure. The target population included all students graduating from one school district in a mid-sized city in Texas. A stratified random sample of 228 students both with and without disabilities was selected. Post-secondary follow-up surveys, consisting of one survey administered prior to graduation and one survey administered six-months following graduation, were given to the participants. The response rate for the initial exit survey was 82.9% while the response rate for a post-school survey was 61.4%. Differences between groups were analyzed using loglinear analyses based upon educational setting, disability category, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. In addition, a sub-study was completed to determine the level of agreement among students and teachers on a post-secondary readiness skill inventory. The findings indicated that differences among groups did exist in terms of both high school preparation and post-secondary outcomes. In terms of high school preparation, the participation among various groups produced few results that were significantly different. Statistically significant results occurred only with respect to extracurricular activity participation by educational setting and socio-economic status. Post-secondary outcome results produced more statistically significant findings than high school preparation. The variable of educational setting produced statistically significant post-secondary outcomes in the three areas of employment, post-secondary education, and recreation and leisure. Ethnicity was the next largest determinant to influence post-secondary outcomes, and statistically significant results were found for both post-secondary education and independent living. Socio-economic status produced statistically significant results for employment outcomes. The variable of gender produced no results that reached statistical significance. The last findings provided an analysis of the agreement between students and teachers in terms of a post-secondary readiness skill inventory. Overall students and teachers demonstrated a high level of congruency in which similar responses were indicated within 95% of the items.

This thesis focusses on synthetic studies and mechanistic investigations into reactions involving hydrogen-transfer processes. In the first part, the development of an efficient method for the synthesis of β-hydroxy ketones (aldols) and β-amino ketones (Mannich products) from allylic alcohols and aldehydes is described. These reactions use  Ru(η5-C5Ph5)(CO)2Cl as the catalyst. The reaction parameters were optimised in order to suppress the formation of undesired by-products. Neutral and mild reaction conditions enabled the synthesis of a variety of aldol products in up to 99% yield, with a good syn/anti ratio. The influence of the stereoelectronic properties of the catalyst on the reaction outcome was also studied. Based on the results obtained, a plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed, involving as the key steps the 1,4-addition of hydride to α,β-unsaturated ketones and the formation of ruthenium (Z)-enolates. In the second part of this thesis, a ruthenium-catalysed tandem isomerisation/C-H activation reaction is presented. A number of ruthenium complexes, phosphine ligands, and additives were evaluated in order to establish the optimal reaction conditions. It was found that the use of a stable ruthenium catalyst, Ru(PPh3)3Cl2, together with PtBu3 and HCO2Na resulted in an efficient tandem transformation. Using this procedure, a variety of ortho-alkylated ketones were obtained in excellent yields. Moreover, homoallylic alcohols could also be used as starting materials for the reaction, which further expands the substrate scope. Mechanistic investigations into the isomerisation part of the process were carried out. The last project described in the thesis deals with the design and preparation of novel bifunctional iridium complexes containing an N-(2-hydroxy-isobutyl)-N-Heterocyclic carbene ligand. These complexes were used as catalysts to alkylate amines using alcohols as latent electrophiles. The catalytic system developed here was found to be one of the most active systems reported to date, allowing the reaction to be performed at temperatures as low as 50 °C for the first time. A broad substrate scope was examined. Combined experimental and theoretical studies into the reaction mechanism are consistent with a metal-ligand bifunctional activity of the new catalyst.

Transitionen från student mot kompetent sjuksköterska är en kritisk period. Det är viktigt att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor erhåller en fullgod transition med möjlighet att öva upp kunskap och tillgodogöra sig erfarenhet. Efter en kort introduktionsperiod förväntar arbetsgivaren att nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor ska ha förmåga att fungera i professionen. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser under transitionen från student mot kompetent sjuksköterska. Resultatet visar att transitionen upplevs som en uttröttande lärandeprocess, men trots svårigheter finns en känsla av prestation och personlig fullbordan över att vara sjuksköterska. Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplever ansvaret som påfrestande då ingen längre kontrollerar deras handlingar. De upplever bristfällig kompetens i kliniska färdigheter, organisatoriska procedurer, nya situationer och den nya rollen. Transitionen underlättas av en stödjande omgivning och är avgörande för hur nyutexaminerade möter nya ansvarsområden. Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplever besvikelse när det inte finns utrymme att utöva holistisk omvårdnad, som de förvärvat kunskap om under studietiden. För att anpassa sig till avdelningens kultur blir de ibland tvungna att släppa egna värderingar. Transitionen är en process och det tar tid att känna trygghet och säkerhet i yrkesrollen. Introduktion bör genomföras tillsammans med utbildade handledare och inte vara tidsbestämd. Fortsatt forskning behövs för att utforma fullgod transition.

Introduction Entrepreneurship and SME development play a crucial role in speeding up the economic development of transition economies. Although entrepreneurship exists in all environments it flourishes in the conditions where it is supported. Transition economies, as well as Georgia, are characterized by inefficient framework conditions that present barriers to productive entrepreneurship and SMEs to develop and benefit the economies in their full potential.   Purpose The Thesis aimed at answering the following research questions:   1)      To what extent the framework conditions necessary for promoting productive entrepreneurship and SME development exist in Georgia? 2)      What are the perceived barriers to entrepreneurship and SME development in Georgia? 3)      In what ways is entrepreneurship and SME development encouraged and supported in Georgia? Method The thesis consists of theoretical data such as literature review, secondary data presented by previous studies, and primary data collected by conducting interviews with Georgian entrepreneurs and representatives of governmental bodies and NGOs engaged in improving a business climate in the country.   Conclusions The study revealed that basic framework conditions for developing entrepreneurship are present in Georgia. Although inefficiencies and institutional gaps give rise to a number of barriers to entrepreneurship and SME development. They are mostly presented by inefficient tax system and financial framework. Despite their efforts towards fostering favourable business environment, GoG, as well as NOGs could do a better job in improving an indirect support in terms of abolishing imperfections in the taxation system, as well as directly providing finance, training and effectual information flow to existing and potential businesses.

The purpose of this literature study was to describe the experiences of the transition period.Data were collected through databases CINAHL and Medline / Pubmed 19 articles wereincluded in the study. The result was divided into five different items. Given the result thenewly graduated nurses found out that the process of transition was an uncertain timefollowed by faltering confidence. They were totally unprepared for the clinical work and theresponsibility which followed. The pressure and expectations from themselves and colleagueswere big and heavy to carry. Colleagues saw the most recent graduates as unprofessional and"eternal students". Good and constructive support and guidance shows that transition processis easier to handle while an inadequate support could affect the performance of graduates and,at worst, lead them leaving the profession. The great responsibility that the graduates facedwere experienced very stressful especially medical management and patient safety, increasedtheir anxiety and that they found it difficult to transfer their theoretical knowledge intopractice. The results also show the positive experiences of the newly graduates. Manyexperienced the transition process as challenging and evolving, and something that they couldlearn from.

Handover of software systems is a critical stage in the system lifecycle. Despite this, it is still an under researched area. In this paper, we have developed an initial taxonomy of activities for software handover. Our taxonomy consists of seven process components where each component clusters logically coherent activities. The process components are Management and Administration, Maintenance Environment, Version and Configuration Management, Deployment, Training, Documentation and, Maintainability Management. / Qc 20120223

Beginning university can be conceptualized as a stressful life event as both positive aspects and several new challenges are associated with the transition (Hudd, Dumlao, Erdmann-Sager, Murry, Phan et al., 2000; Kerr, Johnson, Gans, Krumrine, 2004; Lamothe, Currie, Alisat, Sullivan, Pratt et al., 1995). Sometimes a poor transition may result in a students inability to complete their degree. It is important to develop a more thorough understanding of the transition to university in order to improve student retention. The present investigation considered a range of demographic, psychosocial, and health behaviours that may be related to a students ability to adapt to university. These variables were investigated using a short-term longitudinal design over the first year of university. Participants (Time 1 N = 229, Time 2 N = 73) consisted of first year University of Saskatchewan students (age, M = 18.46, SD =1). Results suggested that approximately 1/3 of the students found the transition to university to be difficult and that in general women had a more difficult time than men in terms of social and personal/emotional adjustment. There was no significant difference in academic adjustment or achievement between men and women. Psychosocial variables and health behaviours were related to one another such that greater physical activity levels went hand in hand with more adaptive coping and higher levels of social support and self-esteem. During the first semester, easier transitions and better adjustment were largely predicted by more adaptive coping, good social support, better grades and fewer daily hassles. For women, second semester transition experiences and adjustment measures were strongly predicted by the same measures as observed in the first semester.

The dynamics of thin polymer films display many differences from the bulk dynamics. Different modes of motions in polymers are affected by confinement in different ways. The enhancement in the dynamics of some modes of motion can cause anomalies in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of thin films, while other modes of motion such as diffusion can be substantially slowed down due to the confinement effects. In this thesis, different modes of dynamics are probed using different techniques. The interface healing of two identical polymer surfaces is used as a probe of segmental motion in the direction normal to the plane of the films and it is shown that this mode of motion is slowed down at temperatures above bulk glass transition, while the glass transition itself is decreased indicating that the type of motion responsible for the glass transition is enhanced. The glass transition measurements at different cooling rates indicate that this enhancement only happens at temperatures close to or below bulk glass transition temperature and it is not expected to be detected at higher temperatures where the system is in the melt state. It is shown that the sample preparation technique is not a factor in observing this enhanced dynamics, while the existence of the free surface can be important in observed reductions in the glass transition temperature. The dynamics near the free surface is further studied using a novel nano-deformation technique, and it is shown that the dynamics near the free surface is in fact enhanced compared to the bulk dynamics and this enhancement is increased as the temperature is decreased further below Tg. It is also shown that this mode of relaxation is much different from the bulk modes of relaxations, and a direct relationship between this enhanced motion and Tg reduction in thin films can be established. The results presented in this thesis can lead to a possib le universal picture that can resolve the behavior of different modes of motions in thin polymer films.