Lorsque l’on évoque les entreprises familiales et leurs transmissions, une série d’images viennent à l’esprit, qui mêlent famille, patrimoine et dynastie. Suivant cette "mythologie" de sagas familiales et suivant cette idée que l’entreprise est, pour la famille qui la possède et la gère, à la fois un moyen de production et un moyen d’existence matérielle et symbolique, on en vient à nourrir l’idée que dans la "famille en entreprise" la fusion entre celle-là et celle-ci est telle que ses membres doivent avoir à cœur de transmettre l’entreprise, de la faire durer et d’ainsi faire durer la famille. Or, il s’avère que c’est loin d’être le cas: la transmission de l’entreprise au sein de la famille est une possibilité qui suscite peu d’adhésion. Ce constat soulève de nombreuses questions, que nous avons plus spécifiquement posées aux petites PME. Comment les parents sont-ils "disposés" face à cette possibilité de transmettre l’entreprise à leurs enfants? Quelle place ceux-ci donnent-ils à l’entreprise dans leurs projets? Quel regard les familles en PME portent-elles sur le futur de leur entreprise? Comment, par les idiosyncrasies familiales, l'environnement économique et le contexte social, expliquer les faveurs et défaveurs que reçoit l’idée de transmission? C’est à ces interrogations que cette thèse entend répondre, en explorant le passé et le présent de douze PME et des familles qui les portent, douze "cas" nourris par une approche qualitative, triangulaire, transfamiliale et multigénérationnelle.

La Nachbarschaft ou « institution de voisinage » est une forme d’entraide instituée pratiquée en Transylvanie/Roumanie depuis des siècles. Elle se réfère à une forme spécifique et organisée de relations de voisinage au sein des différents groupes ethniques roumain, tsigane, saxon ou hongrois. L’évolution de la cohabitation interethnique, la définition et les revendications des uns et des autres sont intimement liées à l’articulation des relations économiques, sociales, de pouvoir et d’autonomie à travers le temps. Les relations qualifiées aujourd’hui d’« interethniques » s’inscrivent dans un lent processus de cohabitation, à différentes échelles, dont les catégories ont perduré mais ont changé de signification au cours des siècles. Quelle est la place de cette institution vieille de plusieurs siècles dans la Roumanie actuelle, dite « en transition » depuis la chute du régime communiste? Les institutions de voisinage continuent-elles à combler un certain vide laissé par l’Etat ? Alors que la construction de la « société civile », terme clé de la littérature scientifique sur la transition des pays de l’Est, est un des processus jugés vitaux dans les années suivant la chute du mur, l’institution de voisinage n’a pas arrêté d’investir cet échelon de vie collective. Comment investit-elle cet espace d’échange entre unités domestiques, sur quoi est fondé cet échange ? Enfin, quelles sont les dynamiques qui l’animent et qui conditionnent sa transmission ?

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka, vidareutveckla samt ta fram nya koncept som alternativ till den befintlig lösning för styrning av kopplingshylsor i en powershift-transmission. Vidare har trender inom transmissionsmekanismer undersökts. Arbetet har bedrivits som en förstudie med framtagande av QFD, och kravspecifikation samt konceptgenerering med utvärdering av tänkbara koncept. Funktionsanalys uppfördes som stöd till idégenereringen som bedrivits med hjälp av brainstorming, brain-writing och morfologisk metodik. Under arbetet med QFD:n uppenbarades en problematik som kan ge upphov till skevhet med faktorer som viktas på fel systemnivå. Som exempel kan inverkan på effektförluster och motorbelastning av mekanismens kraftsystem vara en källa till skevhet. Resultatet mynnar ut i fyra koncept för styrning och kontroll av kopplingshylsor i en power shift-transmission. Tre av koncepten baseras på borstlösa DC (BLDC) motorer med mekanisk utväxling för val och förflyttning av kopplingshylsan. Det fjärde konceptet är en välbeprövad lösning där kopplingshylsan förflyttas med hjälp av hydraulkolvar tillika skiftaxel. Samtliga koncept medger icke-sekventiella växelval för optimering av prestanda och växlingskomfort. Genomförd förstudie kring växelmekanismer talar för att elektriska motorer kommer att ersätta mindre hydrauliska system i framtiden. Såväl forskning som miljöaspekter och allmän teknikutveckling pekar mot detta. Rekommendationer för fortsatt arbete med projektet innefattar djupare patentsökningar, detaljkonstruktion, simulering och validering, vilka är punkter som behöver ytterligare uppmärksamhet.

Graduation date: 1992

Extra High Voltage (EHV) transmission lines are designed to transfer large amount of power from one location to another. The length exposed to the environment is a major reason for occurrence of faults on the lines. A fault on a high voltage transmission line affects the stability of the overall power system, which sometimes leads to permanent damage of the equipment. Relays are developed and installed to protect the lines. The transmission line protection relays, in the industry, are based on the fundamental frequency components of the voltages and currents. These relays need at least one fundamental frequency cycle for performing the protection operation. Voltage and current traveling waves are generated when a fault occurs on the transmission line. The velocity of propagation of traveling waves is finite and the level of the waves decreases with increase in the distance traveled. Information about the fault can be obtained by analyzing the traveling waves. A few traveling wave techniques, which are based on analog signal processing, to protect transmission lines have been proposed in the past. Two digital techniques, which use traveling waves for protecting EHV transmission lines, are proposed in this thesis. The traveling waves are extracted from the modal voltages and currents at the terminals of the transmission line. The techniques identify and locate the fault by using the information contained in the waves. A power system was modeled in the Electromagnetic Transient Direct Current Analysis (EMTDC) and several cases were created by varying different parameters related to the fault, fault type, fault location, fault resistance and fault inception angle. The techniques were implemented in hardware and their performance was tested on data, generated from the EMTDC simulations. Some cases are discussed in the thesis. The performance of the digital techniques for protecting EHV transmission lines using traveling waves was confirmed to be satisfactory. The proposed techniques provide protection at speed and discriminate well between internal and external faults.

In this study, I explored the language transmission experiences of migrant mothers living in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Specifically, I examined the meanings and stakes of language transmission experiences, taking into account the migrant mothers constructions of first languages and/or English transmission experiences with their children in the context of migration. Employing (a) Brunners (1986) and Goods (1994) narrative approach to ethnography and critical phenomenology as well as (b) Kleinmans (1995, 1999) theory of moral experience and Godbouts (1998) formulations of social exchanges as my primary theoretical framework, I carried out in-depth, open-ended interviews with 13 mothers from nine different countries, namely, Afghanistan, Argentina, Chile, Japan, India, Iran, Russia, South Korea, and Ukraine. The resulting language transmission narratives were then organized into four distinct language transmission plots, which were formednot on the basis of ethnicitybut on the basis of similar migration trajectories and background characteristics. Some of the most noteworthy findings were as follows: (1) portrayals of the objects of language transmission (e.g., first languages and English) and of language transmission experiences were not static as previous literature has suggested, but dynamic, varying across time and social context; (2) the stakes involved in the transmission of first languages were depicted as high as the stakes inherent in the transmission of English; and (3) the long-term language transmission goal of at least half of mothers in the sample was not simply bilingualism, but instead multilingualism. In the Conclusion of the thesis, I not only detailed how the present study contributed to the literature on language transmission, but I also elaborated on the following topics: (a) the role of subjunctivizing tactics on language transmission narratives, (b) language transmission as an intersubjective enterprise, (c) language transmission as a plural and dynamic process, and (d) language transmission as moral experience. The applications and limitations of the study as well as directions for future research were also presented in the concluding chapter.

Extra High Voltage (EHV) transmission lines are designed to transfer large amount of power from one location to another. The length exposed to the environment is a major reason for occurrence of faults on the lines. A fault on a high voltage transmission line affects the stability of the overall power system, which sometimes leads to permanent damage of the equipment. Relays are developed and installed to protect the lines. The transmission line protection relays, in the industry, are based on the fundamental frequency components of the voltages and currents. These relays need at least one fundamental frequency cycle for performing the protection operation. Voltage and current traveling waves are generated when a fault occurs on the transmission line. The velocity of propagation of traveling waves is finite and the level of the waves decreases with increase in the distance traveled. Information about the fault can be obtained by analyzing the traveling waves. A few traveling wave techniques, which are based on analog signal processing, to protect transmission lines have been proposed in the past. Two digital techniques, which use traveling waves for protecting EHV transmission lines, are proposed in this thesis. The traveling waves are extracted from the modal voltages and currents at the terminals of the transmission line. The techniques identify and locate the fault by using the information contained in the waves. A power system was modeled in the Electromagnetic Transient Direct Current Analysis (EMTDC) and several cases were created by varying different parameters related to the fault, fault type, fault location, fault resistance and fault inception angle. The techniques were implemented in hardware and their performance was tested on data, generated from the EMTDC simulations. Some cases are discussed in the thesis. The performance of the digital techniques for protecting EHV transmission lines using traveling waves was confirmed to be satisfactory. The proposed techniques provide protection at speed and discriminate well between internal and external faults.

In this study, I explored the language transmission experiences of migrant mothers living in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Specifically, I examined the meanings and stakes of language transmission experiences, taking into account the migrant mothers constructions of first languages and/or English transmission experiences with their children in the context of migration. Employing (a) Brunners (1986) and Goods (1994) narrative approach to ethnography and critical phenomenology as well as (b) Kleinmans (1995, 1999) theory of moral experience and Godbouts (1998) formulations of social exchanges as my primary theoretical framework, I carried out in-depth, open-ended interviews with 13 mothers from nine different countries, namely, Afghanistan, Argentina, Chile, Japan, India, Iran, Russia, South Korea, and Ukraine. The resulting language transmission narratives were then organized into four distinct language transmission plots, which were formednot on the basis of ethnicitybut on the basis of similar migration trajectories and background characteristics. Some of the most noteworthy findings were as follows: (1) portrayals of the objects of language transmission (e.g., first languages and English) and of language transmission experiences were not static as previous literature has suggested, but dynamic, varying across time and social context; (2) the stakes involved in the transmission of first languages were depicted as high as the stakes inherent in the transmission of English; and (3) the long-term language transmission goal of at least half of mothers in the sample was not simply bilingualism, but instead multilingualism. In the Conclusion of the thesis, I not only detailed how the present study contributed to the literature on language transmission, but I also elaborated on the following topics: (a) the role of subjunctivizing tactics on language transmission narratives, (b) language transmission as an intersubjective enterprise, (c) language transmission as a plural and dynamic process, and (d) language transmission as moral experience. The applications and limitations of the study as well as directions for future research were also presented in the concluding chapter.

The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the properties of acoustic sound field in the Sizihwan Bay Marine Test Field (SBMTF), and to conduct geoacoustic inversion using the measured data. Two experiments were carried out during February, 2009, and March, 2010. The source was UW350, and the receivers were ITC 6050 hydrophones. The transmitted frequencies lie between 350 Hz and 1250 Hz. On the analysis of acoustic propagation, the study calls for the application of OASES for the analysis of transmission loss and effects of range dependency. Moreover, the uncertainty analysis due to environmental factors was carried out based upon probabilistic approach. For the inversion analysis, the sensitivity of each environmental parameter was first analyzed, and those parameters with high sensitivity were chosen for inversion. Inversion was conducted by the application of SAGA. The results have shown that, due to the fact that the SBMTF is an very shallow water environment with water depth less than 30 m, the acoustic sound field is strongly affected by the boundaries. From the uncertainty analysis, it shows that the transmission loss has high degree of uncertainty resulting from seabed property due to its lack of accurate measurement. The inversion results for water depth and seabed sound speed were obtained, and compared with the measured data. This research calls for experimental design, data processing, software application, and result analysis, offering an overall understanding of the properties of SBMTF that is valuable for future study.

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