À travers l’étude de deux ancrages urbains situés sur quelques-uns des chemins discrets et labiles de la mondialisation, le Mūskī au Caire (Égypte) et Médina J'dida à Oran (Algérie), la thèse propose une géographie de la ville marchande en contexte mondialisé. Elle se penche sur les effets territoriaux de circulations de biens de consommation courante fabriqués en Asie orientale, et montre que la mondialisation et ses opérateurs – les entrepreneurs-marchands algériens et égyptiens – sont des moteurs puissants de la fabrique urbaine dans le Monde arabe. Elle apporte ainsi un éclairage renouvelé sur les échelles de la production de la ville marchande, y compris dans ses espaces les plus discrets, et propose une lecture au plus près des acteurs urbains, certes peu visibles, mais dont les stratégies économiques, sociales et spatiales participent à la fabrique de la ville.Dans un premier temps, le rôle de structurations commerciales et urbaines plus anciennes des quartiers-marchés est mis en évidence pour comprendre l’ancrage de la mondialisation dans des souks intra-urbains. Le commerce transnational s’inscrit dans deux centralités commerciales héritées qui se déploient à plusieurs échelles et qu’il requalifie. Dans un second temps, il apparaît que les importations de produits fabriqués en Asie orientale modifient en profondeur ces souks en contribuant à une nouvelle organisation spatiale de ces marchés. Avec ces circulations de biens, se diffusent également des modèles culturels, qui touchent à la fois les pratiques de consommation des classes populaires et des petites classes moyennes, et l’urbanisme commercial. Les entrepreneurs-marchands du commerce transnational sont en effet à l’origine d’un intense renouvellement urbain, à travers la construction de centres commerciaux, témoins de la mondialisation économique et culturelle à l’œuvre. Dans un dernier temps, la thèse montre que la ville marchande est devenue une ressource de plus en plus disputée entre acteurs. La fabrique de la ville et sa gouvernance se réalisent ainsi au croisement des logiques institutionnelles et des logiques des citadins ordinaires, ce qui permet de questionner les catégories trop rigides de « formel » et d’ « informel ». / This PhD dissertation proposes an urban analysis of two globalized marketplaces embedded in transnational circulation of small commodity products made in Asia: al-Mūskī, Cairo (Egypt) and Medina J’dida, Oran (Algeria). It aims at showing how globalization deeply transforms urban settings in the Arab world by offering a rescaling, in order to grasp the complex interactions between the local and the global. It focuses on the inconspicuous urban agencies, and among them the Algerian and Egyptian transnational entrepreneurs, whose economic, social and spatial strategies contribute actively to the making of the city.First, it shows that previous urban and commercial frameworks contribute in both marketplaces to the advent of globalization. Transnational trade takes place in two ancient commercial centralities which operate at different spatial scales, and participates in their upgrading. Secondly, it stresses that made-in-China goods import deeply modifies the spatial organization of both markets and their commercial cityscape. With these goods are also imported new cultural models – which concern both consumption practices of working-class and low medium-class consumers – and commercial urban development. In fact, transnational entrepreneurs are the source of a dynamic urban renewal with the construction of new shopping malls which are one of the indicators of economic and cultural globalization in progress. The commercial city has thus become a valuable resource which private and public agencies are fighting for. Finally, this dissertation argues that urban governance and urban settings of these marketplaces result from the encounter of the logics of both institutions and of ordinary city-dwellers. This situation thus challenges the categories of “formal” and “informal” applied to the city.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 26 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A lex mercatoria faz parte de um pluralismo jurídico global que ressurge com a globalização e com a consolidação da sociedade mundial diferenciada. Por meio da teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos é realizada uma construção de um novo sentido para a lex mercatoria. Essa construção tem como base uma arquitetura sistêmica, que pressupõe três questões fundamentais: contingência, paradoxo e decisão; sendo dessa forma divididos os três capítulos que se seguem. O primeiro capítulo busca entre a contingência histórica evolutiva uma identidade com a sociedade mundial diferenciada, para a reconstrução de um sentido para a lex mercatoria. Assim, chega-se à hipercomplexidade da observação, que gera uma policontexturalidade operacional. A partir desses dois conceitos, a lex mercatoria pode ter um novo sentido e novos elementos comunicativos. No segundo capítulo, são enfrentados os paradoxos da lex mercatoria: o Direito Sem Estado é reconstruído por um Direito Heterárquico; droit corporatif por acoplamentos estrutura / The lex mercatoria is part of a global legal pluralism which reemerges with globalization and consolidation of world differentiated society. Through the autopoietic social systems theory is carried out a construction of a new meaning to the lex mercatoria. This construction is based on a systemic architecture that requires three key issues: contingency, paradox and decision; the three chapters are divided like that. The first chapter seeks between the historical evolution contingency an identity with the differentiated global society, to rebuild a meaning for the lex mercatoria. Thus, the hypercomplex observation generates an operational polycontexturality. From these two concepts the lex mercatoria may have a new direction and new communicative elements. The second chapter is facing the paradoxes of the lex mercatoria: Law without State is reconstructed by a Heterarchichal Law; droit corporatif by structural couplings; contract sans loi by soft law, customary Law by episodic Law. These four communicative ele