Este estudo teve como objetivos: analisar o conceito de Espiritualidade a partir da Teoria do Cuidado Transpessoal proposta por Jean Watson e Discutir as relações entre Experiências da Consciência (Espirituais), nos campos de interação denominados pela teorista de Momento Presente, Campo Fenomenológico e Ocasião Real de Cuidado. Método: foi utilizado a Análise de Clarificação de Conceito, proposto por Wilson. As seguintes etapas foram seguidas: 1. Isolar as questões de conceito; 2. Encontrar as respostas certas; 3. Casos Modelo; 4. Casos Contrários; 5. Casos Relacionados; 6. Casos de Difícil Diagnóstico; 7. Casos Inventados; 8. O Contexto Social; 9. Anseios Basilares; 10. Resultados Práticos e 11. Resultados na Linguagem. As questões norteadoras para análise foram: a) Qual a natureza da Espiritualidade no Cuidado Transpessoal? e b) Espiritualidade se difere de Materialidade nas relações de cuidado, uma vez que a primeira exigiria diferentes níveis de interação para que uma dimensão mais sutil pudesse ser acessada?. Resultados: na Teoria do Cuidado Humano a Espiritualidade é concebida como o Mundo do Espírito, experienciado através de um campo fenomenológico de interação entre dois Seres caracterizado pela ocorrência de Experiências da Consciência (ou espirituais). Na Teoria do Cuidado Humano os antecedentes para Espiritualidade foram: Alma/Espírito, caracterizado por: Imortalidade, Imaterialidade, Essência, Auto Conhecimento, Consciencia e Energia Criativa; Individualidade, configurada por Alma/Espirito e Transcendencia física, mental e emocional e, por fim, Experiências da Consciência, indicada por: Intuição, Experiencia Espiritual/Sobrenatural/Metafísica/Mística. Os atributos encontrados para acessar à dimensão espiritual foram os dez Clinical Caritas Process. Também verificou-se que o Processo Interacional Paciente-Profissional é direcionado a partir da triade: Mente-Corpo-Espirito onde os resultados esperados estão relacionados à ocorrência de Ocasião Real de Cuidado, percebida pela Conexão a partir das Histórias de Vida, Dilatação da Percepção do Campo Fenomênico, Rupturas na relação espaço-tempo, culminando na Transpessoalidade e Processo de Cuidado Humano, evidenciado pelo Contato Profundo com o Outro e Consigo, Uso de Linguagem Pertinente para Descrever a Experiencia Vivida e, por fim, Sistematização do Plano de Cuidados a Partir dos Dados Obtidos da Experiência. / This study aimed to analyze the concept of spirituality from Human Caring Theory by Jean Watson and Discuss the relationship between Experiences of Consciousness (Spiritual), in the interaction field called by theorist of \'Present Moment, \'Phenomenological Field\' and \'Actual Caring Occasion. Method: Wilsons concept clarification was used. The following steps were followed: 1. Isolate questions of concept 2. Find the right answers; 3.Model Case 4. Contrary Cases 5. Related Cases 6. Borderline 7. Invented Cases 8. Social Context 9. Underlying anxiety 10. Practical Results and 11. Results in language. The guiding questions for analysis were: a) What is the nature of Spirituality in Caring? b) Spirituality differs from materiality in relations of care, since the first would require different levels of interaction for a more subtle dimension could be accessed\'. Methodological steps performed this study concluded that: the Theory of Human Caring Spirituality is conceived as the World of Spirit, experienced through a phenomenological field of interaction between two beings characterized by the occurrence of experiences of consciousness (or spirit). In Human Care Theory were the background for Spirituality: Soul/Spirit, characterized by: Immortality, Immateriality, Essence, Self Knowledge, Consciousness, and Creative Energy, Individuality, set by Soul /Spirit and Transcendence physical, mental and emotional, and finally, Experiences of Consciousness, indicated by: Intuition, Experience Spiritual/ Supernatural / Metaphysical / Mystical. The attributes found to access the spiritual dimension were the ten Clinical Caritas Process. It was observed that the Patient Process-Interactional Professional is directed from the triad: Mind-Body-Spirit where the outcomes are related to the occurrence of Care Real Deal, the perceived connection from Life Stories, dilatation of Perception Field phenomenal, breaks in the space-time, culminating in transpersonal Process and Human Care, evidenced by the Deep Contact with the Other and I can, Use of Language Relevant to describe the experience and, finally, Systematization Plan of Care Data Obtained from Experience

Este estudo teve como objetivos: analisar o conceito de Espiritualidade a partir da Teoria do Cuidado Transpessoal proposta por Jean Watson e Discutir as relações entre Experiências da Consciência (Espirituais), nos campos de interação denominados pela teorista de Momento Presente, Campo Fenomenológico e Ocasião Real de Cuidado. Método: foi utilizado a Análise de Clarificação de Conceito, proposto por Wilson. As seguintes etapas foram seguidas: 1. Isolar as questões de conceito; 2. Encontrar as respostas certas; 3. Casos Modelo; 4. Casos Contrários; 5. Casos Relacionados; 6. Casos de Difícil Diagnóstico; 7. Casos Inventados; 8. O Contexto Social; 9. Anseios Basilares; 10. Resultados Práticos e 11. Resultados na Linguagem. As questões norteadoras para análise foram: a) Qual a natureza da Espiritualidade no Cuidado Transpessoal? e b) Espiritualidade se difere de Materialidade nas relações de cuidado, uma vez que a primeira exigiria diferentes níveis de interação para que uma dimensão mais sutil pudesse ser acessada?. Resultados: na Teoria do Cuidado Humano a Espiritualidade é concebida como o Mundo do Espírito, experienciado através de um campo fenomenológico de interação entre dois Seres caracterizado pela ocorrência de Experiências da Consciência (ou espirituais). Na Teoria do Cuidado Humano os antecedentes para Espiritualidade foram: Alma/Espírito, caracterizado por: Imortalidade, Imaterialidade, Essência, Auto Conhecimento, Consciencia e Energia Criativa; Individualidade, configurada por Alma/Espirito e Transcendencia física, mental e emocional e, por fim, Experiências da Consciência, indicada por: Intuição, Experiencia Espiritual/Sobrenatural/Metafísica/Mística. Os atributos encontrados para acessar à dimensão espiritual foram os dez Clinical Caritas Process. Também verificou-se que o Processo Interacional Paciente-Profissional é direcionado a partir da triade: Mente-Corpo-Espirito onde os resultados esperados estão relacionados à ocorrência de Ocasião Real de Cuidado, percebida pela Conexão a partir das Histórias de Vida, Dilatação da Percepção do Campo Fenomênico, Rupturas na relação espaço-tempo, culminando na Transpessoalidade e Processo de Cuidado Humano, evidenciado pelo Contato Profundo com o Outro e Consigo, Uso de Linguagem Pertinente para Descrever a Experiencia Vivida e, por fim, Sistematização do Plano de Cuidados a Partir dos Dados Obtidos da Experiência. / This study aimed to analyze the concept of spirituality from Human Caring Theory by Jean Watson and Discuss the relationship between Experiences of Consciousness (Spiritual), in the interaction field called by theorist of \'Present Moment, \'Phenomenological Field\' and \'Actual Caring Occasion. Method: Wilsons concept clarification was used. The following steps were followed: 1. Isolate questions of concept 2. Find the right answers; 3.Model Case 4. Contrary Cases 5. Related Cases 6. Borderline 7. Invented Cases 8. Social Context 9. Underlying anxiety 10. Practical Results and 11. Results in language. The guiding questions for analysis were: a) What is the nature of Spirituality in Caring? b) Spirituality differs from materiality in relations of care, since the first would require different levels of interaction for a more subtle dimension could be accessed\'. Methodological steps performed this study concluded that: the Theory of Human Caring Spirituality is conceived as the World of Spirit, experienced through a phenomenological field of interaction between two beings characterized by the occurrence of experiences of consciousness (or spirit). In Human Care Theory were the background for Spirituality: Soul/Spirit, characterized by: Immortality, Immateriality, Essence, Self Knowledge, Consciousness, and Creative Energy, Individuality, set by Soul /Spirit and Transcendence physical, mental and emotional, and finally, Experiences of Consciousness, indicated by: Intuition, Experience Spiritual/ Supernatural / Metaphysical / Mystical. The attributes found to access the spiritual dimension were the ten Clinical Caritas Process. It was observed that the Patient Process-Interactional Professional is directed from the triad: Mind-Body-Spirit where the outcomes are related to the occurrence of Care Real Deal, the perceived connection from Life Stories, dilatation of Perception Field phenomenal, breaks in the space-time, culminating in transpersonal Process and Human Care, evidenced by the Deep Contact with the Other and I can, Use of Language Relevant to describe the experience and, finally, Systematization Plan of Care Data Obtained from Experience

<p>Bakgrund: Psykiska sjukdomar beräknas drabba var fjärde person i världen. Patienter med psykisk sjukdom drabbas i högre grad av somatiska sjukdomar och vårdas då inom somatisk vård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar attityder till patienter med psykisk sjukdom hos vårdpersonal inom somatisk vård. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats bestående av systematisk granskning av fjorton kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet visade på att vårdpersonalens attityder påverkades av deras upplevelse av brist på kunskap om att vårda psykiskt sjuka. Attityderna påverkades även av brist på stöd från organisationen, negativa känslor inför patienterna som exempelvis rädsla och upplevelser och föreställningar om hur patienterna var. Diskussion: De centrala fynden som framkom var: vårdpersonalens negativa attityder till patienternas tillfrisknande och framtidsutsikter, vårdpersonalens upplevelse av brist på kunskap som gjorde att de undvek patienterna och vårdpersonalens rädsla för att de psykiskt sjuka patienterna skulle bli aggressiva och våldsamma. Dessa fynd diskuterades utifrån Watsons teori om transpersonell omsorg. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskor måste bli bättre på att tillfredsställa psykologiska, sociala och andliga behov samt uppmuntra och stödja hopp om framtiden hos patienten.</p> / <p>Background: Approximately one out of four people in the world are afflicted by mental illness. These patients suffer from somatic diseases to a higher degree and will then require non-psychiatric specialized care. Aim: The aim was to describe factors that affect health professionals' attitudes to patients with mental illness within somatic care. Method: Literature review with a qualitative approach consisting of systematic review of fourteen qualitative and quantitative articles. Results: The results showed that the health professionals experience of lack of knowledge in caring for mentally ill patients which affected their attitudes towards them. Their attitudes were also affected by the lack of support from the organisation, their negative feelings towards the patients as fear and experiences and preconceptions of how the patients are. Discussion: The main findings were: the health professionals' negative attitudes towards the patients' recovery and future, the health professionals' experience of lack of knowledge which made them avoid their patients and the health professionals' fear of aggression and violence from the patients. These findings were discussed against Watson’s theory of transpersonal caring. Conclusions: Nurses needs to improve their ability to satisfy psychological, social and spiritual needs as well as encourage and support hope for the future within the patient.</p>

Bakgrund: Psykiska sjukdomar beräknas drabba var fjärde person i världen. Patienter med psykisk sjukdom drabbas i högre grad av somatiska sjukdomar och vårdas då inom somatisk vård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar attityder till patienter med psykisk sjukdom hos vårdpersonal inom somatisk vård. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats bestående av systematisk granskning av fjorton kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet visade på att vårdpersonalens attityder påverkades av deras upplevelse av brist på kunskap om att vårda psykiskt sjuka. Attityderna påverkades även av brist på stöd från organisationen, negativa känslor inför patienterna som exempelvis rädsla och upplevelser och föreställningar om hur patienterna var. Diskussion: De centrala fynden som framkom var: vårdpersonalens negativa attityder till patienternas tillfrisknande och framtidsutsikter, vårdpersonalens upplevelse av brist på kunskap som gjorde att de undvek patienterna och vårdpersonalens rädsla för att de psykiskt sjuka patienterna skulle bli aggressiva och våldsamma. Dessa fynd diskuterades utifrån Watsons teori om transpersonell omsorg. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskor måste bli bättre på att tillfredsställa psykologiska, sociala och andliga behov samt uppmuntra och stödja hopp om framtiden hos patienten. / Background: Approximately one out of four people in the world are afflicted by mental illness. These patients suffer from somatic diseases to a higher degree and will then require non-psychiatric specialized care. Aim: The aim was to describe factors that affect health professionals' attitudes to patients with mental illness within somatic care. Method: Literature review with a qualitative approach consisting of systematic review of fourteen qualitative and quantitative articles. Results: The results showed that the health professionals experience of lack of knowledge in caring for mentally ill patients which affected their attitudes towards them. Their attitudes were also affected by the lack of support from the organisation, their negative feelings towards the patients as fear and experiences and preconceptions of how the patients are. Discussion: The main findings were: the health professionals' negative attitudes towards the patients' recovery and future, the health professionals' experience of lack of knowledge which made them avoid their patients and the health professionals' fear of aggression and violence from the patients. These findings were discussed against Watson’s theory of transpersonal caring. Conclusions: Nurses needs to improve their ability to satisfy psychological, social and spiritual needs as well as encourage and support hope for the future within the patient.

De multiples auteurs de la discipline infirmière réclament la valeur inestimable de la relation de caring et de ses bienfaits pour la clientèle nécessitant des soins et services de réadaptation. En dépit de cette importance, la recherche concernant les bienfaits thérapeutiques de la relation de caring pour la clientèle de réadaptation demeure encore un domaine peu exploité. Actuellement, aucune étude scientifique québécoise, canadienne ou internationale, issue de la discipline infirmière, ne porte sur la compréhension de l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée dans un contexte de réadaptation, aspect qui s’avère central à la relation de caring selon Watson. Au cœur même de la philosophie du Human Caring de Watson, la présente étude vise à explorer, par des entrevues qualitatives auprès de 17 infirmières oeuvrant en contexte de réadaptation, la signification de l’expérience d « être avec » la personne soignée, de même que leur perception de la contribution de cette expérience à la réadaptation de la personne soignée. Cinquante et une entrevues, c’est-à-dire trois entrevues réalisées pour chaque participant de recherche, ont été analysées à l’aide de la méthode phénoménologique intitulée « Relational Caring Inquiry » développée par Cara (1997). Le processus de recrutement des participants a impliqué la direction des soins infirmiers des deux centres de réadaptation ciblés par l’étude. Une attention particulière a été mise afin de favoriser une diversité de participants (par exemple : genre, niveau éducationnel, quart de travail, unité de soins). Le processus d’analyse des données a permis la découverte de cinq eidos-thèmes. Parmi ces eidos-thèmes, quatre se rapportent à la signification de l’expérience d’«être avec» la personne soignée (première question de recherche), à savoir : (a) l’importance des valeurs humanistes au centre du soin, (b) l’investissement de l’infirmière et de la personne soignée, (c) les dimensions réciproque et relationnelle du soin et, finalement, (d) l’expérience de soin irremplaçable d’une complexité contextuelle. De façon plus détaillée, le premier eidos-thème dévoile les fondements humanistes à la base de l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée. Le deuxième manifeste l’implication substantielle de l’infirmière et de la personne soignée. Le troisième eidos-thème met en lumière la réciprocité et la dimension relationnelle comme étant des éléments centraux à l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée. Le quatrième eidos-thème documente les natures fondamentale et complexe de cette expérience de soin unique, de même que les conditions contextuelles qui la facilitent et la contraignent. Le cinquième et dernier eidos-thème ayant émergé de la présente étude, « rehaussement de l’harmonie corps-âme-esprit chez la personne soignée et l’infirmière », illustre la perception des participantes quant à la contribution thérapeutique de l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée à la réadaptation de cette dernière (deuxième question de recherche). Cette contribution se situe en termes de répondre aux besoins du patient, d’optimiser les progrès de réadaptation de la personne soignée, de promouvoir le niveau de bien-être de la personne soignée et de l’infirmière et, finalement, de hausser la croissance intérieure des personnes engagées dans cette expérience de soin extraordinaire. La reconnaissance des cinq eidos-thèmes a favorisé l’émergence de l’essence universelle du phénomène à l’étude qui s’intitule « la rencontre humaine profonde, thérapeutique et transformatrice ». La présente étude contribue de façon novatrice au développement des connaissances, notamment en permettant une meilleure compréhension de ce que signifie l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée, pour des infirmières en réadaptation et en proposant une multitude de résultats probants pouvant servir de guide à la promulgation de soins infirmiers en contexte de réadaptation. En déterminant la signification ontologique de cette expérience de soin, la présente étude permet de préciser la place du phénomène d’« être avec » la personne soignée au centre de la théorie du caring. Ces résultats qui découlent de la deuxième question de recherche participent au développement initial d’un corpus de connaissances. Ces résultats probants serviront de guide au renouvellement de la pratique infirmière en contexte de réadaptation. De plus, en identifiant les bienfaits de cette expérience de soin, la présente étude reconnaît l’élément au cœur de la relation transpersonnelle de caring, qui contribue à rehausser l’harmonie corps-âme-esprit chez la personne soignée et l’infirmière. En plus de la clinique, des recommandations au niveau de la formation et de la recherche en sciences infirmières découlent de la présente étude. / Several nursing authors acknowledge the essential value of the caring relationship and its benefits for the rehabilitation clientele. In spite of this importance, the therapeutic benefits of the caring relationship for this clientele remain an unexamined area. Currently, no Quebec, Canadian or international scientific nursing study is concerned with understanding the experience to « be with » the person being cared for in a rehabilitation context, which is central to the caring relationship according to Watson. Inspired by Watson’s Human Caring philosophy, this study aims to investigate, by qualitative interviews with seventeen rehabilitation nurses, the meaning of the experience to « be with » the person being cared for, as well as their perception of the contribution of this experience to the person’s rehabilitation. Fifty one interviews, therefore three interviews for every research participant, were analyzed using the « phenomenological » method entitled « Relational Caring Inquiry » developed by Cara (1997). The process of participant recruitment involved the nursing management team of both rehabilitation centres targeted by the study. A variety of participants was favoured (e.g.: gender, educational level, shift worked, and patient care unit). The process of data analysis allowed the discovery of five eidos-themes. Among these eidos-themes, four refer to the meaning of the experience to « be with » the person cared for (first research question), namely: (a) the importance of humanistic values at the core of the care, (b) the investment of the nurse and the person cared for, (c) the reciprocal and relational care dimensions and finally, (d) the irreplaceable care experience of contextual complexity. In more detail, the first eidos-theme reveals the humanistic basis of the experience to « be with » the cared person. The second expresses the substantial implication of the nurse and the person cared for. The third eidos-theme clarifies the reciprocity and relational dimension as being central elements of the experience to « be with » the person cared for. The fourth eidos-theme documents fundamental and complex origins of this unique care experience, as well as the contextual conditions which facilitate and impede it. The fifth and last eidos-theme emerging from this study, « strengthening the mind-body-spirit harmony of the person cared for and the nurse », illustrates the participants’ perception regarding the therapeutic contribution of the experience to « be with » the person cared (second research question). This contribution meets the patient’s needs, optimizes the rehabilitation progress of the person cared for, promotes the level of well being of the person cared for and the nurse and finally, raises the inner growth of the people engaged in this extraordinary care experience. The recognition of these five eidos-themes supports the emergence of the universal essence of the phenomenon being studied which is entitled « the profound, therapeutic, and transformative human relationship ». The present study contributes, in an innovative way, to knowledge development, in particular by allowing a better understanding of the meaning of rehabilitation nurses’ experience to « be with » the patient, and advancing evidence-based results to be used as a guide for the development of nursing care in the context of rehabilitation. By determining the ontological meaning of this care experience, the present study makes it possible to specify the place of the phenomenon to « be with » the patient as being central to the caring theory. The results arising from the second research question contribute to the development of a body of knowledge. These evidence-based results will be used to guide the renewal of nursing practice in the context of rehabilitation. Moreover, by identifying the benefits of this care experience, the present study recognizes the element at the heart of transpersonal caring relationship, which contributes to mind-body-spirit harmony for both, the person cared for and the nurse. This study also proposes recommendations for education and research in nursing sciences.