A deficiência transversal de maxila caracteriza-se por mordida cruzada posterior uni ou bilateral, dentes apinhados e/ou rotacionados, além de palato ogival; seu tratamento, em indivíduos adultos, é a expansão cirurgicamente assistida de maxila (EMCA). Tal procedimento possui efeitos não somente esqueléticos, mas também nos dentes (especialmente os que servem de apoio do aparelho expansor), cavidade e espaço aéreo nasal, lábio e demais tecidos moles circunjacentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), as alterações dento-esqueléticas de indivíduos portadores atresia de maxila e submetidos à expansão cirurgicamente assistida de maxila. Para isso, 14 indivíduos foram submetidos à TCFC pré e pós (15, 60 e 180 dias) expansão cirurgicamente assistida de maxila pela técnica da osteotomia Le Fort I subtotal, e nestas realizamos mensurações da espessura da cortical óssea vestibular e palatina, além de angulação do longo eixo dos dentes posteriores superiores (1oM, 2oM, 1oPM e 2oPM). Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente. Os resultados mostraram alterações na espessura óssea vestibular e palatina nas áreas analisadas, o que permitiu concluir que nos procedimentos de EMCA, mesmo realizando a disjunção pterigomaxilar, ocorre movimentação dentária no sentido do movimento expansivo, e que a movimentação dentária pode ser traduzida por deslocamento e inclinação vestibular. Além disso, concluiu-se que quando o deslocamento e inclinação dentária vestibular ocorreram, estas parecem ter sido acompanhadas por reabsorção da cortical vestibular e neoformação óssea na cortical palatina. / Maxillary transversal deficiency is characterized by unilateral or bilateral posterior cross-bite, crammed and rotated teeth, and narrow palate, and its treatment is surgically assisted maxillary expansion for adult patients. This procedure affects not only bones, but also the teeth (especially the post of the expander device), nasal cavity and air space, lips, and surrounding soft tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate dento-skeletal alterations of patients presenting atrophic maxilla who underwent surgically assisted maxillary expansion using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). For this, 14 patients underwent CBCT before and after (15, 60 and 180 post-operative days) surgically assisted maxillary expansion by subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy,and the thickness of buccal and palatal cortical bones and the angulation of the long axis of the upper posterior teeth (1 M, 2 M, 1 PM and 2 PM) were measured. Data were statistically analyzed. Results showed changes in thickness of buccal and palatal cortical areas analyzed, which allowed us to conclude that EMCA, even though using surgical techniques, teeth can be translated by displacement and buccal inclination. Furthermore, it was concluded that when the shift occurred and buccal tooth inclination, these seem to have been accompanied by buccal cortical bone resorption and bone formation in the cortical palate.

Neste estudo comparamos o volume dos seios maxilares dos pacientes submetidos à expansão rápida de maxila cirurgicamente assistida (EMCA), por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Foram avaliados 10 pacientes submetidos a expansão rápida de maxila cirurgicamente assistida (EMCA) pela técnica da osteotomia Le Fort I subtotal, que possuíam tomografias pré e pós-operatórias de 180 dias. As imagens foram analisadas utilizando software Dolphin Imaging® (versão 11.0.03.32) que permite a avaliação do espaço aéreo, delimitando-se áreas de interesse e realizando o calculo do volume correspondente. As imagens dos seios maxilares direito (SMD) e esquerdos (SME) foram analisadas nas tomografias pré e pós-operatórias. A média das medidas de volume foi de 13,760mm³ para o SMD e 14,499mm³ no SME, nas imagens pré-operatórias e de 14,779mm³ para o SMD e 14,435mm³ para o SME, nas pós-operatórias. Os volumes pré e pós-operatórios foram avaliados estatisticamente através do teste t pareado para significância maior que 0,05. Após as cirurgias, a média de volume dos SMD apresentou um aumento significante. Este aumento também foi observado nos SME, porem não foi estatisticamente significante. A partir destes resultados, é possível concluir que existe influencia da EMCA sobre o volume dos seios maxilares. / The aim of this study was to compare the volume of the maxillary sinuses of patients undergoing surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME), by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Were evaluated 10 patients submitted to surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) by the technique of subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy, which had pre and postoperative CT scans of 180 days. The images were analyzed using Dolphin Imaging® (version 11.0.03.32) software that enables the assessment of airspace, delimiting up areas of interest and performing the calculation of the corresponding volume. The images of the right maxillary sinus (RMS) and left (LMS) were analyzed in the pre -and postoperative CT scans. The average measure of volume was 13.760mm³ for the RMS and 14.49mm³ in the LMS, for the preoperative images and 14.779mm³ for the RMS and 14.435mm³ for the LMS, in postoperative. The pre-and postoperative volumes were evaluated statistically by the \"t\" test. After surgery, the mean volume of RMS showed a significant increase. This increase was also observed in LMS, however it was not statistically significant. From these results, we conclude that there SARME influence on the volume of the maxillary sinuses.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) o padrão de abertura e o processo de neoformação óssea da sutura intermaxilar em pacientes submetidos à expansão de maxila cirurgicamente assistida (EMCA). Foram avaliados 14 indivíduos submetidos à expansão de maxila cirurgicamente assistida (EMCA) pela técnica da osteotomia Le Fort I subtotal utilizando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) nos períodos préoperatório e pós-operatório de 15, 60 e 180 dias. A partir da observação do padrão de abertura da sutura intermaxilar, após a cirurgia, pôde-se classificá-la nos tipos I e II. O Tipo I corresponde à abertura da sutura intermaxilar desde a espinha nasal anterior até a espinha nasal posterior, o Tipo II, à abertura desde a espinha nasal anterior até a sutura transversal palatina. Este padrão foi relacionado à técnica cirurgica, idade do paciente e tipo de aparelho expansor. As médias de densidade da óssea na região da sutura intermaxilar foram comparadas entre os períodos estudados (pré e pós-operatório de 15, 60 e 180 dias) para acompanhar a neoformação óssea. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística. Os resultados mostraram a ocorrência do padrão de abertura tipo I em 12 indivíduos e o padrão tipo II em 2 indivíduos. A média de densidade óssea encontrada no período pós-operatório de 180 dias (PO 180) foi de 49,9% em relação a media do período pré-operatório (Pré). Concluiu-se que o padrão de abertura da sutura intermaxilar está mais relacionado à idade do paciente, que nesse estudo foi de 23,9 anos para o tipo I e 33,5 anos, para o tipo II, e à técnica cirúrgica empregada e que ao final do período de contenção estudado (PO 180) não foi possível observar a total neoformação óssea na região da sutura intermaxilar. / The aim of this study was to evaluate using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) the opening pattern and process of bone formation in the intermaxillary suture in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency undergone surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Fourteen patients were evaluated whom submitted to surgically assisted maxillary expansion (SARME) by the technique of subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy using beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the preoperative and postoperative periods of 15, 60 and 180 days. From the observation of the opening pattern of the intermaxillary suture, after surgery, were classifie in types I and II. Type I corresponds to the opening of the intermaxillary suture from the anterior nasal spine to posterior nasal spine, and Type II corresponds to opening from the anterior nasal spine to the transverse palatine suture. This pattern was related to surgical technique, patient age and type of expander device. The average density of the bone in the region of the intermaxillary suture were compared between the studied periods (pre-and postoperative 15, 60 and 180 days) to evaluate bone formation. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically. The results showed the occurrence of the opening pattern type I in 12 subjects and the standard type II in 2 individuals. The mean value of density found in the postoperative period of 180 days (PO 180) was 49.9% compared to the mean of the preoperative (Pre). It was concluded that the pattern of opening the intermaxillary suture is related to patients age, that was 23,9 years in type I and 33,5 years in type II and the surgical technique, furthermore, at the end of the retention period studied (PO 180) was not possible to observe the complete bone formation in the region of the intermaxillary suture.

O conceito de pontes de madeira em tabuleiro laminado protendido surgiu na década de 70, no Canadá, como forma de reabilitação para tabuleiros laminados pregados. Diversas pesquisas foram desenvolvidas para verificar o desempenho estrutural e a durabilidade do sistema, e estes estudos comprovaram a eficácia do método. Devido ao enorme déficit de pequenas e médias pontes em todo o seu território, o Brasil tem buscado cada vez mais materiais e tecnologias alternativas economicamente competitivas para sua construção. Partindo de pesquisas desenvolvidas em outros países, desde 1993 começaram a ser desenvolvidas pesquisas nacionais para verificar a viabilidade em se utilizar madeiras brasileiras para construção de pontes, e a resposta, mais uma vez, foi positiva. Este trabalho tem como objetivos o estudo teórico e experimental das pontes de eucalipto protendidas transversalmente, através do projeto e construção da primeira ponte protendida de madeira da América do Sul. Por meio de provas de carga, foi avaliado o desempenho da ponte e a influência dos guarda-rodas e defensas na rigidez do tabuleiro. Os resultados mostram que o sistema protendido de eucalipto é uma ótima alternativa para o Brasil. / The concept of pre-stressed laminated timber bridges come from 70s, in Canada, as an alternative for the rehabilitation of damaged nailed laminated timber decks. Many researches were developed to verify the structural performance and the durability of the system, which corroborated the system\'s high efficience. Because of a great deficit in short-span and medium-span bridges in Brazil, the country has searched more and more competitive materials and technologies for their construction. Based on studies developed in other countries, since 1993 Brazil has developed studies to verify the viability of using brazilian woods to build such bridges, and the answer was positive. The present work aims to investigate the project and behavior of transversally pre-stressed timber bridges of eucalyptus, through the project and construction of the first stress-laminated timber bridge in South America. The bridge performance was evaluated as well as the influence of the guard-rail system in the deck stiffness, across proof loading. The results showed that this system is a good alternative for bridge construction in Brazil.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-22T12:37:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-22T12:42:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T12:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A nanotecnologia é uma área de estudo promissora e que nos mostra resultados bastante surpreendentes. Amostras magnéticas (Cobalto e liga de Permalloy (Ni81Fe19), por exemplo) em escala nanométrica, têm como aplicabilidade importante a gravação magnética devido à crescente demanda por meios de gravação cada vez mais rápidos e de alta capacidade de armazenamento. Para determinados tamanhos de nanofios, observa-se a presença de domínios magnéticos e paredes de domínios do tipo vórtice ou transversal que podem ser transportadas para diferentes regiões sem deformação. Pode-se usar tais paredes como bit de informação mas, para isso, precisa-se conhecer com detalhes o comportamento dessas paredes em diversas situações. Neste presente trabalho utilizamos simulações numéricas para estudar o comportamento da magnetização em nanofios retangulares (nanofitas) de Permalloy-79, que apresentam parede de domínio transversal entre domínios “head-to-head”. Utilizamos nestas simulações um modelo no qual os momentos magnéticos interagem através da interação de troca e a interação dipolar. Embora a maioria dos trabalhos encontrados utilizem campo magnético para mover a parede, optamos por aplicar corrente de spin-polarizado na direção do nanofio devido ao fato de ser mais prático de ser produzido. A dinâmica do sistema é regida pelas equações de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert e a atuação da corrente é introduzida nessas equações. Fizemos uma abordagem teórica na qual pode-se mostrar como esta equação de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert para aplicação de corrente foi obtida. A integração da equação de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert é feita utilizando o método de Runge-Kutta e de Predição-Correção. Baseado nessas teorias, escrevemos um programa na linguagem Fortran-90 para realizar as simulações. Em nossos resultados observamos o comportamento da velocidade da parede de domínio em função do tempo e da densidade de corrente. Comparamos estes resultados com a bibliografia. / Nanotechnology is a promising field of study and show us pretty amazing results. Magnetic samples (Cobalt and alloy Permalloy (81NiFe19), for example) at the nanometer scale, have as important applicability the magnetic recording due to the growing demand for recording media ever faster and high storage capacity. For certain sizes of nanowires, it is observed the presence of magnetic domains and vortex domain walls or transverse domain wall which can be transported to different regions without deformation. It can use such walls as bit of information, but for that it is necessary to know in detail the behavior of these walls in various situations. In this work we used numerical simulations to study the behavior of the magnetization in rectangular nanowires (nanostrip) of Permalloy-79, which have transverse domain wall between domains "head-to-head."We used in these simulations a model in which the magnetic moments interact through the exchange interaction and the dipolar interaction. Although most studies found use magnetic field to move the wall, we decided to apply spin-polarized current toward the nanowire due the fact that it is more practical to be produced. The dynamics of the system is governed by the equations of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert and the current performance is introduced in these equations. We made a theoretical approach in which you can show how this equation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert for applying current was obtained. The integration of the equation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert is done using the Runge-Kutta and Prediction-Correction methods. Based on these theories, we wrote a program in Fortran-90 language to perform the simulations. In our results we observed the behavior of the domain wall velocity as a function of time and current density. We compare these results with the literature.

O objetivo deste estudo foi uma avaliação tridimensional as mudanças nas dimensões transversais, verticais e anteroposterior das estruturas dentais e dentoalveolares em pacientes com deficiência maxilar transversal (DMT) submetidas à expansão rápida de maxila assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC) através do uso de tomografias computadorizadas do feixe cônico (TCFC). Trinta e oito pacientes com DMT foram submetidos à ERMAC sob anestesia geral, as TCFC foram realizadas no pré-operatório (T1), após a expansão desejada (T2) e seis meses após a expansão (T3). Quarenta e sete marcações tridimensionais foram realizadas como pontos de referência e marcadas em cada tempo. As distâncias e ângulos foram medidas a fim de se avaliar as alterações ocorridas após a expansão. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças estatísticas significantes na dimensão transversal através do teste ANOVA ao nível da câmara pulpar (P&le;0.001) em T2-T1 e T3-T1; e ao nível do ápice dental com diferença estatisticamente significante (P<0.005) em T2-T1 e T3-T1 e ao nível do processo dentoalveolar com diferença estatísticamente significante de (P<0.05) em T2-T1e T3-T1. A inclinação dentária apresentou diferença estatísticamente significante somente no incisivo central esquerdo (P< 0.05) em T3-T1. As dimensões vertical e anteroposterior não apresentaram diferenças estatísticamente significante. As maiores mudanças ocorreram na dimensão transversal na maioria das estruturas avaliadas, alterações verticais e anteroposteriores não foram encontradas. O índice de recidiva após seis meses da realização da ERMAC é baixa e podemos considerar como um tratamento estável para pacientes com DMT. / The objective of this study was evaluate three-dimensional changes on transversal, vertical and anteroposterior dimensions of dental and dentoalveolar structures in patients with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) submitted to surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) using by CBCT. Thirty eight subjects with MTD was submitted to SARME under general anesthesia, CBCTs was taken preoperative (T1), after desired expansion (T2) and six months after expansion (T3). Fourth seven three-dimensional landmarks were determinate as reference points and marked at each time. The distances and angles were measured regarding the changes occurred after expansion.The results showed statistical significance difference in transverse dimension by ANOVA test at level of pulp chamber (P&le;0.001) at T2-T1 and T3-T1; at level of dental apex had statistical difference (P<0.005) at T2-T1 and T3-T1, at level of dentoalveolar processes had statistical difference (P<0.05) at T2-T1 and T3-T1. Dental tipping showed statistical difference only left central incisors (P< 0.05) at T3-T1 Vertical and anteroposterior dimensions do not have statistical difference. The greater changes occurred in transversal dimensions and most of structures evaluated, no vertical and anteroposterior changes were found. The index relapse after six months is low and SARME can be consider stable to treatment of MTD.

La performance des cibles du Laser LMJ est très sensible à l'uniformité de la tache focale du laser. La technique utilisée à ce jour pour éviter les inhomogénéités est de rendre le faisceau partiellement incohérent, ce qui a pour conséquence la fluctuation de points chauds (speckles) au cours du temps, avec un effet de moyenne. De nombreux travaux ont d'ores et déjà été menés concernant l'étude de ces points chauds dans le cadre d'un faisceau unique au plan focal. Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à ces points chauds lorsqu'il sont issus de la superposition de faisceaux multiples, et plus particulièrement aux points chauds dans le cas de la configuration du LMJ. On a établi une équation analytique permettant de calculer la taille des points chauds dans le cas d'un speckle généré par des faisceaux multiples. Cette formule est en parfait accord avec les différents résultats obtenus par simulations numériques grâce au code PARAX. On a ainsi pu prédire la taille du grain de speckle LMJ en fonction de différentes configurations LMJ telle qu'une configuration à deux ou trois cônes et pour des choix de polarisations différents. Il en ressort que l'impact de la polarisation est assez faible sur les caractéristiques du speckle LMJ. Toutefois la double polarisation est la plus adaptée aux critères d'uniformité requis pour une bonne interaction laser-plasma. D'autre part on a montré que les grains de speckle LMJ sont de l'ordre de la longueur d'onde.Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, on a établi les formules des contraste, temps de vie, trajectoires et vitesses des points chauds deux techniques de lissage : Lissage par Dispersion Spectrale Transverse (LDST) et Longitudinal (LDSL). Ces derniers sont respectivement utilisés sur le NIF et prochainement sur le LMJ. On a ainsi montré que quels que soient le nombre de cône et le choix des polarisations faites sur le LMJ, la durée de vie d'un point chaud LMJ est environ de 2 ps et le contraste intégré sur des temps infinis est approximativement de 15%. Les vitesses sont également très faibles (10-6c) et faiblement influencées par le choix des polarisations. / The future French Laser Megajoule (LMJ) is a multiple laser beam facility built to achieve Inertial confinement Fusion (ICF). It is mainly designed for an indirect drive scheme using X-rays conversion. In this scheme, the target in the center of the hohlraum is irradiated and then compressed by the X-rays more uniformly than what it would be in a direct drive schemes. However, a high of uniformity is still needed to reach ignition since the propagation of intense laser beams in an under-critical plasma can generate laser-plasma instabilities (LPI). The control of LPI is of crucial importance for the success of ICF. By breaking both spatial and temporal coherences, the use of optical smoothing techniques, such as smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD), often dramatically reduces LPI and also ensures the reproducibility of laser conditions from one shot to another. An accurate description of the speckle pattern in the hohlraum is thus of great interest for ICF experiments.We focus our attention on the spatial and then temporal properties of the speckles pattern generated by multiple laser beams. At first, we establish equations for the 3D speckle size based on autocorrelation functions. Numerical simulations of the propagation of multiple laser beams in vacuum are then performed with the PARAX code in configurations where the paraxial approximation can be used. The case of speckle patterns in the LMJ configuration in the zone where all the beams overlap is eventually studied. We show that such speckles have an ellipsoidal shape. Finally, influence of the polarization of the beams on the shape, size and abundance of the speckles is also investigated. In a second part we study the important aspect of temporal smoothing techniques like the movement of the speckles. This work is also triggered by the development of a statistical model that describes the motion of hot spots in order to evaluate the contrast, the trajectory and the velocity of LMJ hot spots. We address these quantities in the case of a speckle pattern generated by multiple laser beams thanks to the autocorrelation function in intensity.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions trois catégories de problèmes : les d-extensibles, les d-bloqueurs et les d-transversaux.Les d-extensibles de stables optimaux sont des ensembles de sommets d'un graphe G tels que tout stable de cardinal d du sous-graphe induit par un d-extensible peut être étendu à un stable optimal de G à l'aide de sommets qui n'appartiennent pas au d-extensible. Nous étudions les d-extensibles de cardinal maximal de stables dans les graphes bipartis. Nous démontrons quelques propriétés structurelles puis nous déterminons une borne inférieure du cardinal maximal d'un d-extensible. Nous étudions quelques classes de graphes dans lesquelles déterminer un d-extensible optimal de stables est un problème polynomial. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux d-extensibles de stables dans les arbres. Nous prouvons plusieurs propriétés structurelles, déterminons une autre borne inférieure du cardinal maximal d'un d-extensible et étudions quelques classes d'arbres dans lesquelles déterminer un d-extensible optimal de stables est un problème polynomial.Les d-bloqueurs de stables sont des ensembles de sommets d'un graphe G tels que, si on retire les sommets d'un d-bloqueur, le cardinal maximal d'un stable du graphe induit par les sommets restants est inférieur d'au moins d au cardinal maximal d'un stable du graphe initial. Nous nous intéressons ici aux d-bloqueurs de coût minimal de stables dans les arbres. Après avoir prouvé une caractérisation des d-bloqueurs de stables dans les arbres, nous démontrons que déterminer un d-bloqueur de coût minimal de stable est un problème polynomial dans une classe d'arbres particulière.Soit Pi un problème d'optimisation sur un ensemble d'éléments fini. Un d-transversal de Pi est un ensembles d'éléments tel que l'intersection entre le d-transversal et toute solution optimale au problème Pi est de cardinal supérieur égal à d. Nous proposons ici une approche de génération de contraintes pour déterminer des d-transversaux de cardinal maximal de problèmes modélisés par des programmes mathématiques en variables binaires. Nous étudions deux variantes de cette approche que nous testons sur des instances de graphes générés aléatoirement pour déterminer des d-transversaux de stables optimaux et des d-transversaux de couplages optimaux / In this thesis, we study three types of problems : the d-extensibles sets, the d-blockers and the d-transversals.In a graph G, a d-extensible set of maximum independent sets is a subset of vertices of G such that every stable set of cardinality d in the subgraph restricted to the d-extensible set can be extented to a maximum stable set of G using only vertices that do not belong to the d-extensible set. We study d-extensible sets of mxaimum cardinality of stable sets in bipartite graphs. We show some structural properties and we determine a lower bound of the maximum cardinality of a d-extensible set. We consider some classes of graph where finding an optimum d-extensible set can be done in polynomial time. Then, we study the d-extensibles sets of stable sets in trees. We prove some properties on the structures of the d-extensibles sets and we determine another lower bound of the maximum cardinality of a d-extensible set. Finaly, we study somme classes of tree where a d-extensible sets of maximum cardinality can be done in polynomial time.In a graph G, a d-blocker is a subset of vertices such that, if removed, a maximum stable set of the resulting subgraph is of cardinality at most the cardinality of a maximum stable set of G minus d. We study d-blocker of minimal cost of stable sets in tree.We prove a caracterisation of d-blockers in tree and we study a particular classe of trees where computing a d-blocker of minimal cost of stable sets can be done in polynomial time.Let Pi be an optimisation problem on a finite set of elements. A d-transversal of Pi is a subset of elements such that the intersection between the d-transversal and every optimal solution of Pi contains at lest d elements. We propose an approach to compute d-transversal of any optimisation problem modelised by mathematical program with binary variables. We use a contraints generation approach. We compare two variations of this approach on randomly generated graph by computing d-transversals of stables sets and d-transversals of matching

Hydraulic main stages for off highway machines have usually electromagnetic driven pilot valves. You rarely find stepper motor driven pilot systems that are directly positioning the main spool in the sectional control valve. The presented concept shows the development of an actuator in a unique setup to fulfill the requirements of most off- highway applications. Precise positioning, strength, speed and fail safe requirements were the main goals of the concept. The concept has a two phase BLDC transversal flux motor with a single gear stage transmission. The software and control unit are specially designed for this electric motor setup. On a test bench some results of the first samples reveal the technical potential of this concept. The development of the actuator was done in-house of Thomas Magnete GmbH (mechanical, electronical, and software development).

Electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) of intermodal dispersion on short multimode fiber (MMF) links operating at 40 Gb/s is investigated through system level simulations and the design of two analog integrated circuit (IC) equalizers. System simulations using worst-case MMF link models show the effectiveness of a 2-tap baud spaced finite impulse response (FIR) equalizer for 40-m links, and a second-order Tbaud/2 infinite impulse response (IIR) equalizer for 50-m links. An IIR filter topology suitable for IC implementation with double loops and multiple delay sections was developed. The 2-tap FIR and the IIR equalizer are implemented in UMC 0.13-um and STM 90-nm CMOS processes respectively. Measurements demonstrate the FIR and IIR equalizing 38-Gb/s and 30-Gb/s cable channels respectively. To the author's knowledge, the double-loop multi-delay IIR equalizer is the first integrated traveling-wave equalizer utilizing poles as a means of frequency boosting, contrasting the conventional FIR technique of utilizing zeros.