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An exploratory study of individual factors that predict susceptibility to compassion fatigue, burnout and intention to leave, in South African trauma counsellorsCaldas da Costa, Patricia 22 September 2010 (has links)
MA, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand
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Compassion fatigue, level of exposure, empathy and affect intensity amongst employee assistance programme counsellorHarinarain, Eshmin 16 May 2008 (has links)
ABSTRACT
High levels of trauma within the South African society affect the majority of the population either directly or indirectly. In order to assist individuals overcome such traumatic incidents, many companies in South Africa have contracted with Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) Providers to provide counselling to employees. These EAP counsellors are often the first mental health professionals to be exposed to a client’s traumatic story. Consequently, such counsellors may be vulnerable to compassion fatigue (CF). The consequences of EAP counsellors working with traumatised clients have been relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study proposed that EAP trauma counsellors are vulnerable within their scope of work and are an important group of professionals to be further investigated. Furthermore, leading authors in the field of trauma argue that both individual characteristics and environmental factors play a role in the development of CF. However, research into the process by which CF develops is extremely limited. Hence, this study attempted to explore this process through identifying possible core variables such as level of exposure, empathy and affect intensity and exploring their link to CF. The study was based on Figley’s (1995) Trauma Transmission Model, Dutton and Rubinstein’s (1995) Ecological Model and McRitchie’s (2006) Refined Model for Trauma Workers. The data was collected from 60 EAP counsellors, through self report measures. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlations, a stepwise regression, two independent sample t-tests, and analysis of variance. Results revealed that 28.34% of the sample fell within the range for CF. There were significant correlations between Level of Exposure to traumatic material and CF; between levels of empathy and CF and between Affect Intensity and Empathy. There was no significant correlation between Affect Intensity and CF. Furthermore, the stepwise regression indicated that 56% of CF may be explained by a combination of four interacting variables, that is, Level of Exposure, Fantasy, Personal Distress and Perspective Taking.
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Managing incidents of domestic violence: lay trauma counselors' perspectives on implementing trauma intervention strategiesSmith, Eulinda V. 02 April 2014 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, 2013. / Domestic violence is rife in South Africa and the negative impact thereof is brought by survivors into their homes, communities and workplace settings. Trauma counsellors often take on the work responsibility of intervening in cases of domestic violence to meet the needs of the survivor. Adopting a qualitative research design, the researcher explored the perceptions of trauma counsellors in their workplace setting regarding intervention strategies used when providing services to survivors of domestic violence. Purposive sampling was used to identify 13 adult lay trauma counsellors, both male and female employed by a non-government institution operating as a 24-7 hour Crisis Hotline in the Johannesburg Metropolitan area. The researcher gathered data by conducting personal, semi-structured interviews with research participants. Data analysis took the form of Thematic Content Analysis. The researcher identified that the participants seemed not to be aware of workplace systems and procedural guidelines, and tended to adopt a personalized approach in dealing with survivors of domestic violence. Most participants managed cases utilising ‘early crisis intervention models’ as a once-off trauma intervention strategy although they did not perceive it as being effective. It is thus recommended that such stand-alone intervention strategies should not be implemented unless further follow-up or after-care support is offered to the survivors of domestic violence.
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An exploration of the experience and effects of trauma counselling on lay counsellors: A constructivist approachMacliam, Juliette Kathryn 02 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to tell the story of lay trauma counsellors - how the work they do affects them, what helps them to cope and what hinders their coping.
The epistemological framework of this study is constructivism. This study involved in-depth interviews with three lay trauma counsellors from different cultural backgrounds who counselled for a minimum of one year. Hermeneutics was the method used to analyse the data.
The stories of participants were recounted through the researcher’s lens in the form of specific themes that emerged for individual participants. Recurring themes evident in the stories of all three participants were discussed and compared with the literature.
The information gleaned could be valuable to organisations considering setting up lay trauma programmes, to those with established programmes, as well as to prospective and experienced lay counsellors. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)
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An exploration of the experience and effects of trauma counselling on lay counsellors: A constructivist approachMacliam, Juliette Kathryn 02 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to tell the story of lay trauma counsellors - how the work they do affects them, what helps them to cope and what hinders their coping.
The epistemological framework of this study is constructivism. This study involved in-depth interviews with three lay trauma counsellors from different cultural backgrounds who counselled for a minimum of one year. Hermeneutics was the method used to analyse the data.
The stories of participants were recounted through the researcher’s lens in the form of specific themes that emerged for individual participants. Recurring themes evident in the stories of all three participants were discussed and compared with the literature.
The information gleaned could be valuable to organisations considering setting up lay trauma programmes, to those with established programmes, as well as to prospective and experienced lay counsellors. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)
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Analyses of experiences of vicarious traumatisation in short-term insurance claims workersLudick, Marne 05 September 2013 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.(Psychology))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, 2013. / The research entailed a comprehensive study of vicarious trauma in short-term insurance claims
workers, compared to trauma counsellors and a control group of holiday booking consultants. A
well-known, comprehensive model of compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, developed for
therapists formed the basis of the study. The research attempted to determine whether this model
can be applied more widely to include administrative populations exposed to traumatised clients on
a regular basis. To this end, the model was deconstructed into its eleven constituent parts and each
element was investigated in addition to other variables of interest to the study. This was done to
determine the importance and applicability of each model element and other selected variables to
the administrative context.
A mixed methods approach was utilised, which combined quantitative and qualitative data. The
results yielded by the study were collectively utilised to construct an etic and an emic voice from
the research. At the same time, effects from vicarious trauma were considered from an overarching
bio-psychosocial stance, systematically gauging effects on various levels of functioning. Scores
from quantitative measures on secondary traumatic stress, negative cognitive schemas, empathy,
social support and compassion satisfaction were statistically analysed, which revealed significant
differences between the worker groups. Widely accepted relationships between the study variables
were tested and found to hold true within and across groups. Regression analysis determined the
roles of empathy, social support and compassion satisfaction in vicarious trauma, as measured by
secondary traumatic stress and negative cognitive schemas. In addition, constructivist selfdevelopment
theory was employed to interpret the negative cognitive effects from vicarious
traumatisation.
Qualitative data were utilised to further elucidate the role and nature of vicarious trauma in each of
the worker groups. The themes of exposure to client suffering, detachment, level of empathic
engagement, personal trauma history and difficult life demands were unearthed from the qualitative
data, which illuminated the importance and role of each of these elements to claims workers. Other
areas of interest, being utilisation of sick-leave as a means to cope, work-related illness, attitudes
towards professional counselling, feelings evoked by traumatised clients, and the language utilised
by workers in response to client traumata were investigated. Further effects on participants as well
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as effects that reach beyond the person were identified and examined. Effects on the social and
work contexts were also elucidated.
Finally, interesting themes that emerged spontaneously from the data were considered. The
consideration of the various model elements and other areas of interest systematically revealed that
administrative workers dealing with traumatised clients are also affected by the process of vicarious
trauma. Furthermore, the model was found to be largely suitable to the context of claims workers.
However, the model was expanded to augment its usability within the more general administrative
domain. Finally, the overarching aim was to enrich, contextualise and elaborate on the experiences
of claims workers within their unique work context, to facilitate insight and a deeper understanding
of vicarious trauma in more administrative populations that have largely been overlooked in
research.
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