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No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1988. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-65).

Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Rice, Joseph A. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: underwater acoustics, Seaweb, Deep Seaweb, undersea noise calculation, ocean trenches, surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, maritime domain awareness, passive detection, reliable acoustic path, sensor network Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48). Also available in print.

Previous studies of protein adsorption on silicon have been restricted by the choice of a simple structure or large surface for protein to adsorb on. The aim of this project was to develop an optical model for more complex nanostructures in form of trenches etched in silicon and then examine if a protein would adsorb to the surface. The method used was infrared ellipsometry. The experimental values from measurements on the sample were used to develop an optical model that represent the nanostructure. A three-layered biaxial model proved to be accurate. One sample was then exposed to the protein albumin and then measured upon again. The results before and after protein adsorption were compared and a small optical signature was found were it could be expected for this specific protein. This shows that it is possible to detect adsorption in a complex nanostructure and to develop an accurate optical model for said structure.

<p>Previous studies of protein adsorption on silicon have been restricted by the choice of a simple structure or large surface for protein to adsorb on. The aim of this project was to develop an optical model for more complex nanostructures in form of trenches etched in silicon and then examine if a protein would adsorb to the surface. The method used was infrared ellipsometry. The experimental values from measurements on the sample were used to develop an optical model that represent the nanostructure. A three-layered biaxial model proved to be accurate. One sample was then exposed to the protein albumin and then measured upon again. The results before and after protein adsorption were compared and a small optical signature was found were it could be expected for this specific protein. This shows that it is possible to detect adsorption in a complex nanostructure and to develop an accurate optical model for said structure.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.

O crescimento dos centros urbanos e o processo de urbanizaÃÃo das Ãltimas dÃcadas em todo mundo tÃm causados diversos impactos no meio ambiente, principalmente no ciclo hidrolÃgico, trazendo consigo um aumento na quantidade e magnitude de cheias urbanas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar o processo de urbanizaÃÃo de uma Ãrea do municÃpio de Crato-CE, analisando o escoamento superficial gerado e propondo uma soluÃÃo para sua diminuiÃÃo atravÃs do emprego de trincheiras de infiltraÃÃo, implantadas no passeio pÃblico, recebendo apenas as Ãguas provenientes dos telhados dos lotes. Utilizou-se para as simulaÃÃes o programa computacional Storm Water Management Model â SWMM, com parÃmetros retirados da literatura. Foram estudados dois cenÃrios, o primeiro simulou toda a Ãrea em estudo, urbanizada na sua situaÃÃo limite. No segundo cenÃrio, foram incluÃdas as trincheiras no modelo anterior e analisados os resultados. As simulaÃÃes realizadas demonstraram que o local, apÃs total urbanizaÃÃo, poderà ter problemas com o escoamento superficial e que a soluÃÃo proposta atravÃs do uso de trincheiras de infiltraÃÃo se demonstra eficiente na diminuiÃÃo dos picos de vazÃo, se mostrando na maioria dos casos capaz de reduzir em pelo menos 70% do escoamento gerado pelos lotes. Analisando a Ãrea como um todo, nÃo foram observados retardos de picos devido a influÃncia do escoamento gerado pelas ruas, ocorrendo em todos os casos apÃs 12 minutos de precipitaÃÃo. Destaca-se, por fim, que atravÃs do uso das prÃticas de drenagem Low Impact Development (LID) os benefÃcios vÃo muito alÃm de tratar os problemas das cheias na regiÃo de instalaÃÃo, podendo tambÃm diminuÃ-las em outras Ãreas a jusante e favorecer o incremento das reservas de recursos hÃdricos subterrÃneos local. / The growth of urban centers and the process of urbanization in recent decades worldwide have caused many impacts on the environment, especially the water cycle, bringing with it an increase in the number and magnitude of urban flooding. This study aimed to assess the process of urbanization of an area of Crato-CE municipality, analyzing the generated runoff and proposing a solution for its reduction through the use of infiltration trenches, deployed on the promenade, getting only water from the roofs of the lots. Was used for the simulations the computer program Storm Water Management Model - SWMM with parameters taken from the literature. Two scenarios were studied, the first simulated the entire study area, urbanized in its extreme situation. In the second scenario, the trenches were included in the previous model and analyzed the results. Simulations have shown that the place by total urbanization can cause problems with the runoff and the proposed solution by using infiltration trenches is demonstrated effective in reducing peak flows, showing in most cases able to reduce at least 70% of the flow generated by batches. Analyzing the area as a whole we are not observed delays of peaks due to the influence of the flow generated by the streets, occurring in all cases after 12 minutes by precipitation. Stands out, finally, that through the use of drainage practices Low Impact Development (LID) the benefits go far beyond addressing the problems of flooding in the installation area, and may also reduce them in other areas downstream and favor the increase in water site underground resources reserves.

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<p>Sewer trenches usually contain material with a higher hydraulic conductivity then the adjacent soil. Thus they can serve as paths of preferential flow in a polluted area. Wastewater from factories can also leak from wastewater pipes and pollute the soil in the sewer trenches.</p><p>The purpose of this project was to investigate pollutions in sewer trenches and in sewer pipes in the industrial area of Köpmanholmen, 20 km south of Örnsköldsvik in the north of Sweden. To make an estimation concerning the potential of transport of pollutions in sewer trenches, hydrological calculations were performed.</p><p>Leakage to any greater extent did not seem to be a problem in the area. This is the case both for the concrete and the wooden pipes that have served as factory wastewater pipes. A large transport in the lengthwise direction of the sewer trenches was not shown to exist. Instead the greatest risk of transport from a polluted area seems to come from infiltration into wastewater pipes, where the pollutants can flow readily to the recipient or wastewater treatment plant.</p> / <p>Rörgravar innehåller ofta grövre material med högre hydraulisk konduktivitet än omgivande jord och kan därför tjäna som spridningsvägar från förorenade områden. Avloppsvatten från fabriksområden kan också misstänkas ge upphov till föroreningar i rörgravar via läckage från avloppsrören.</p><p>Detta arbete har haft som mål att utreda föroreningssituationen i ledningsgravar och avloppsledningar på Köpmanholmens industriområde, ca 2 mil söder om Örnsköldsvik. För att bedöma ledningsgravarnas potential att sprida föroreningar har också hydrologiska beräkningar har gjorts.</p><p>Läckage i någon större omfattning från avloppsledningar har inte kunnat påvisas. Detta gäller både betongledningar och den trätub som har utgjort fabriksavlopp på området. Inte heller har någon föroreningsspridning kunnat påvisas i ledningsgravarnas längdriktning. Den största risken för spridning av föroreningar verkar istället vara via infiltration till avloppsledningarna. Detta ger en snabb transport från förorenade områden till recipient eller reningsverk.</p>