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As the demand for cheaper electronic devices has increased, the location of manufacturing foundries has changed to untrusted places outside of the United States. Some of these locations have limited oversight of the manufacturing of complicated and sensitive electronic components including integrated circuits (IC). IC, a key component in all current electronic devices, can be modified to be malicious or to monitor the functions of their applications. These malicious modifications are called Hardware Trojans. Hardware Trojans can be de- signed to quietly monitor, to actively send out unencrypted sensitive information, or to actively destroy their host device. Our research demonstrates the ability of Hardware Trojans to infiltrate a sensor network that could be remotely deployed for various applications. This research is important due to the dearth of knowledge on the subject. Currently, software security is given great importance. Our research shows that the same level of importance must be given to hardware to ensure a trusted and secure environment.

Habilitationsschrift--Freie Universität Berlin. / Includes the texts of several manuscripts in Romanian and in German translation. Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-237).

A method to perform implicit path delay fault grading on GPGPU architectures is presented. Experimentally it is shown that it is over 1200x faster than a single-core implicit path delay fault grading method previously in the literature for higher accuracy and can be shown to scale to multiple GPGPUs. A post-silicon test pattern generation strategy to maximize the efficiency of broadside tests applied to a sequential design for a limited test budget is presented. Arguments are made for this approach for detecting embedded Trojan ICs in the next-state functions of a sequential system; they are based on a model where long sequences of inputs that are applied to the system in the functional mode can detect if Trojan hardware is triggered with high probability. An efficient and scalable input generation algorithm for broadside tests is introduced and its performance on ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 benchmark circuits is evaluated. A design-for-authentication strategy is presented for the insertion of cells to efficiently partition the combinational core of a circuit to detect inserted Trojan ICs. It is shown that the approach, combined with pseudo-exhaustive test pattern generation, guarantees detection in certain circumstances.

This thesis examines the characterization of Trojans in fifth-century Attic tragedy with a particular focus on their ability to shed light on the contemporary Athenian sense of identity. I argue against the notion that Trojans are displaced Persians, for they maintain a strong connection to their mythological heritage. The evidence I present draws on fifth-century Attic tragedies but also on the Iliad, iconography, and fragmentary tragedies. My discussion of passages from the Iliad creates a context for interpreting Trojan characters in fifth-century tragedy by establishing the tradition that tragedians could draw on as the background against which to set their Trojan characters. The iconographic evidence similarly adds depth to the project by stepping away from a textual focus to create a wider understanding of how Trojans were visually conceptualized. The fragmentary tragedies provide a tantalizing glimpse into the portrayal of Trojan men, who are otherwise almost entirely absent from tragedies. As a result, my discussion of tragedy focuses on Trojan women, and I suggest that they are representatives of an idealized culture designed to evoke an idealized sense of Athenian cultural identity. I examine Euripides’ Andromache to compare the portrayal of Spartans, contemporary fifth-century Athenian enemies, with that of Trojans to demonstrate the differences between them. Following that, I address the gendered nature of the aftermath of the Trojan War by focusing on one particularly feminine theme in each of three plays: exchange in Andromache, nostalgia in Trojan Women, and mourning in Hecuba. Finally, I discuss the role played by class in considering Trojan characters. Only Euripides’ Orestes presents a (male) character who was a slave in Troy before the fall, and this provides an excellent opportunity to contrast the treatment of that character with the treatment of the royal Trojan women. The purpose of this examination of Trojan characters is to demonstrate that there was an intellectual curiosity about them and their role in contemporary society. I argue in favour of a sympathetic treatment of Trojan characters, or more specifically, against the notion of a “Phrygianization of Troy,” and restore to the Trojans their own unique identity.

This thesis examines the characterization of Trojans in fifth-century Attic tragedy with a particular focus on their ability to shed light on the contemporary Athenian sense of identity. I argue against the notion that Trojans are displaced Persians, for they maintain a strong connection to their mythological heritage. The evidence I present draws on fifth-century Attic tragedies but also on the Iliad, iconography, and fragmentary tragedies. My discussion of passages from the Iliad creates a context for interpreting Trojan characters in fifth-century tragedy by establishing the tradition that tragedians could draw on as the background against which to set their Trojan characters. The iconographic evidence similarly adds depth to the project by stepping away from a textual focus to create a wider understanding of how Trojans were visually conceptualized. The fragmentary tragedies provide a tantalizing glimpse into the portrayal of Trojan men, who are otherwise almost entirely absent from tragedies. As a result, my discussion of tragedy focuses on Trojan women, and I suggest that they are representatives of an idealized culture designed to evoke an idealized sense of Athenian cultural identity. I examine Euripides’ Andromache to compare the portrayal of Spartans, contemporary fifth-century Athenian enemies, with that of Trojans to demonstrate the differences between them. Following that, I address the gendered nature of the aftermath of the Trojan War by focusing on one particularly feminine theme in each of three plays: exchange in Andromache, nostalgia in Trojan Women, and mourning in Hecuba. Finally, I discuss the role played by class in considering Trojan characters. Only Euripides’ Orestes presents a (male) character who was a slave in Troy before the fall, and this provides an excellent opportunity to contrast the treatment of that character with the treatment of the royal Trojan women. The purpose of this examination of Trojan characters is to demonstrate that there was an intellectual curiosity about them and their role in contemporary society. I argue in favour of a sympathetic treatment of Trojan characters, or more specifically, against the notion of a “Phrygianization of Troy,” and restore to the Trojans their own unique identity.

I denna uppsats avser författaren att utvärdera om det är möjligt för en hemanvändare attskapa en trojan med ett program som genererar trojaner och med hjälp av andra gratisverktyg ta sig förbi antivirus-program. Samtidigt så kommer antivirus-program utvärderas angående hur dem lyckas skydda sig mot de skapade trojanerna och ge en överblick om hur skyddet är, både via uppladdning av trojaner till VirusTotal samt test av olika antivirusprogram. Den vetenskaplig forskning som gjorts tidigare som denna uppsats kommer vara snarlikgår att finna i [5]. Det forskas även om nya idéer för att upptäcka trojaner redan när dembörjar kommunicera[4] Uppsatsens resultat består av tre delar, resultat av uppladdning av trojaner viaVirusTotal, resultat av skanning med antivirus-program samt en kort analys omresultaten. I resultatet om VirusTotal så får en överblick om hur antivirus-programupptäcker Remote Access Trojaner(RAT) som blivit genererade i ett program.Dessa RATs görs även mer svårupptäckta av verktyg som går att få tag i gratis, cryptersför att kryptera trojanerna och binders för att binda trojaner ihop med en annan fil. Efterantivirus-skanningen redovisas resultat om hur ett antal utvalda antivirus-program klararav att skydda en PC mot RATs. I resultaten upptäcktes det att säkerheten är i vissa fallganska undermålig, men att det även finns antivirus-program som skyddar betydligtbättre än andra.

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Inaug.-Diss.--Jena. / Lebensabriss.