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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Biodiversidade e Densidade da Comunidade FitoplanctÃnica em EstuÃrios do Litoral do Cearà (NE Brasil) / Biodiversity and density of phytoplankton in the coastal estuaries of Cearà (NE Brazil)

HortÃncia de Sousa Barroso 25 January 2010 (has links)
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Este trabalho à uma contribuiÃÃo para o conhecimento das comunidades fitoplanctÃnicas e conseqÃentemente dos estados trÃficos de estuÃrios situados no Litoral Oeste do CearÃ, NE-Brasil: Setor I (Aracatimirim, AracatiaÃà e MundaÃ) e Setor II (Timonha, Ubatuba, RemÃdios, Coreaà e AcaraÃ); e RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza (CearÃ, Cocà e Pacoti). Amostras foram coletadas na camada sub-superficial da coluna dâÃgua, ao longo do perÃodo chuvoso (janeiro a abril/ 2005), durante marÃs enchentes e/ou vazantes. As estaÃÃes de coleta foram distribuÃdas longitudinalmente nos estuÃrios, de modo a caracterizar suas porÃÃes superiores, intermediÃrias e inferiores. A comunidade fitoplanctÃnica esteve constituÃda por 308 tÃxons distribuÃdos em seis divisÃes taxonÃmicas: Cyanophyta (66), Euglenophyta (34), Dinophyta (23), Bacillariophyta (118), Cryptophyta (6) e Chlorophyta (56), alÃm de organismos nÃo identificados (5). A composiÃÃo nas diferentes porÃÃes dos estuÃrios foi influenciada pela variaÃÃo da salinidade, havendo geralmente maior representatividade de dinoflagelados nas porÃÃes inferiores; de euglenofÃceas, cianobactÃrias, clorofÃceas e criptofÃceas nas porÃÃes superiores; e diatomÃceas em todas as porÃÃes. As grandes Ãreas do Litoral Cearense pesquisadas foram distintas quanto à composiÃÃo e densidades fitoplanctÃnicas totais. Observou-se uma grande porcentagem de tÃxons exclusivos em cada Ãrea, demonstrando que as mesmas podem apresentar diferenÃas quanto Ãs condiÃÃes abiÃticas e biÃticas, que atuam conjuntamente selecionando as espÃcies fitoplanctÃnicas que melhor se adaptarÃo. Verificou-se um gradiente crescente para a densidade total: Costa Oeste Setor II < RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza < Costa Oeste Setor I. As espÃcies que alcanÃaram maiores abundÃncias relativas na RegiÃo Metropolitana foram Phormidium sp3 e Trichodesmium erythraeum; na costa Oeste Setor I Planktolyngbya limnetica e Pseudanabaena galeata; enquanto que no Setor II Heterocapsa sp., Pseudanabaena limnetica e Nitzschia palea. As espÃcies mais freqÃentes em todo o conjunto amostral foram Cylindrotheca closterium, Nitzschia palea, Navicula sp1 e Navicula sp4. Apesar de espÃcies com preferÃncia por ambientes eutrofizados terem alcanÃado maiores densidades em estuÃrios da Costa Oeste Setor I e RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza, as mesmas tambÃm estiveram presentes nos estuÃrios da Costa Oeste Setor II, inclusive com as maiores abundÃncias relativas, pelo menos em uma das estaÃÃes. Destaca-se dentre as espÃcies com preferÃncia por condiÃÃes eutrÃficas Euglena limnophila, Ps. limnetica, Pl. limnetica, Chroococcus cf. distans e Chroococcus cf. minimus e Nitzschia palea. Isso demonstrou que todos os estuÃrios, em menor ou maior grau, estÃo sendo submetidos a impactos de natureza antrÃpica (incremento nas concentraÃÃes de nutrientes), sendo os do Litoral Oeste Setor II os que demonstraram, por ocasiÃo das amostragens, estarem com o processo de eutrofizaÃÃo em estado menos avanÃado. As altas densidades de cianobactÃrias nos estuÃrios dos Rios AracatiaÃÃ, Aracatimirim, Cearà e CocÃ, representadas inclusive por espÃcies potencialmente produtoras de toxinas (Pl. limnetica, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaenopsis circularis, eitlerinema amphibium e T. erythraeum), e de dinoflagelados no Pacoti, indicam a necessidade urgente de outras pesquisas e de monitoramentos para verificar a ocorrÃncia de floraÃÃes algais nocivas e tÃxicas nestes estuÃrios. O controle da emissÃo de nutrientes por atividades antrÃpicas para os mesmos tambÃm se faz urgente. / This work is a contribution to the knowledge of phytoplankton communities and hence the trophic status of estuaries located on the West Coast of Ceara, NE-Brazil: Sector I (Aracatimirim, and AracatiaÃà MundaÃ) and Section II (Timonha, Ubatuba, Remedies, and Coreaà AcaraÃ) and the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (CearÃ, Coco and packages). Samples were taken in sub-surface layer of the water column throughout the rainy season (January to April / 2005) for tidal flooding and / or receding. The sampling stations were distributed along the estuaries in order to characterize their upper portions, intermediate and inferior. The phytoplankton community was composed of 308 taxa belonging to six taxonomic divisions: Cyanophyta (66), Euglenophyta (34), Dinophyta (23), Bacillariophyta (118), Crytophyta (6) and Chlorophyta (56), and unidentified bodies ( 5). The composition in different parts of the estuary was influenced by variations in salinity, there is generally more representative of dinoflagellates in the lower portions; of euglenoids, cyanobacteria, chlorophytes and cryptophytes in the upper portions, and diatoms in all portions. Large areas of coastline were surveyed Squads are different in composition and total phytoplankton densities. We observed a large percentage of exclusive species in each area, showing that they may have differences in the abiotic and biotic conditions, which act jointly selecting the phytoplankton species that best adapt. There was an increasing gradient to the total density: West Coast Sector II <Fortaleza Metropolitan Area <West Coast Sector I. The species reached higher relative abundances in the metropolitan area were Phormidium sp3 and Trichodesmium erythraeum; on the west coast Sector I Planktolyngbya limnetica and Pseudanabaena galeata, while in Section II Heterocapsa sp. Pseudanabaena limnetica and Nitzschia palea. The most frequent species in the whole sample were Cylindrotheca closterium, Nitzschia palea, Navicula Navicula sp1 and SP4. Although species with a preference for eutrophic environments have reached higher densities in estuaries on the West Coast Sector I and the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, they were also present in the estuaries of the West Coast Sector II, even with the highest relative abundances of at least one of stations. It stands out among the species with a preference for eutrophic conditions Euglena Limnophila, Ps. limnetica, Pl limnetica, Chroococcus cf. distans and Chroococcus cf. minimus and Nitzschia palea. This demonstrated that all the estuaries, to a lesser or greater degree, are being subjected to impacts of anthropogenic nature (increase in nutrient concentration), and the West Coast Sector II, who demonstrated, on the occasion of sampling, are in the process of less advanced state of eutrophication. The high densities of cyanobacteria in estuaries of the Rivers AracatiaÃÃ, Aracatimirim, Cearà and Coco, represented by species including potentially producing toxins (Pl limnetica, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaenopsis circularis, Geitlerinema Amphibium and T. erythraeum), and dinoflagellates in the package, indicate the urgent need for further research and monitoring to verify the occurrence of harmful algal blooms and toxic in these estuaries. The control of nutrient emission by human activities for them also is urgent.

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