Thirty-seven samples were taken from the water, step access and air/water interface surfaces of 10 commercial whirlpools in Delaware and Madison Counties, Indiana between September and March of 1986-1988. Dermatophytes were isolated from 19 of the samples, representing 51%. At least three species of the yeast genus Candid. were isolated from 13 (35%) of these samples. Fifty-eight percent of all dermatophytes isolated were found in male-only whirlpools, as were nearly 62% of all Candida species. Isolated dermatophytes included Trichophyton rubrum, T. menta,grophytes, T. tonsurans, T. verrucosum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum nanum, and one Trichophvton species. Whirlpools were grouped based on similarity of fungi isolated from each facility. Male whirlpools sorted into one group, except for one that clustered with female facilities. Coliform bacteria were found in 43% of all samples, and blue-green fluorescent pseudomonads were found in 54% of all samples. Most dermatophytes were isolated from the step access surface of the facilities tested, and more Candida species were isolated from the water than from either surface tested. / Department of Biology

Amebas de vida livre (AVL) são distribuídas mundialmente no solo e na água. Um número pequeno delas é considerado importante para a saúde dos seres humanos: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris e Sappinia diploidea. Algumas das infecções são oportunistas, ocorrendo em indivíduos imunocomprometidos, enquanto outras são não oportunistas. Amostras de água foram coletadas de banheira de hidromassagens e piscinas térmicas na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a presença de Acanthamoeba, bem como realizar a caracterização fenotípica e genotípica dos isolados. Amebas foram isoladas em cultivo monoxênico com Escherichia coli. A identificação dos isolados foi baseada na morfologia dos cistos e na amplificação por PCR com oligonucleotídeos gênero-específico. De 72 amostras analisadas, 20 (27,77%) foram positivas para amebas de vida livre, e identificadas morfologicamente como pertencentes ao gênero Acanthamoeba. Destas, 11 possuíam características compatíveis com o grupo morfológico II e 9 com o grupo III. Entre os isolados, 11(55%) foram considerados potencialmente patogênicos a partir de testes de osmotolerância e termotolerância. Somente 9 isolados quando submetidos à Reação da PCR, confirmaram pertencer ao gênero Acanthamoeba. A análise do sequenciamento através da comparação das sequências dispostas no GenBank, demonstrou a distribuição nos grupos genotípicos T3 (11,1%), T5 (11,1%), T4 (33,3%) e T15 (44,4%).Os resultados obtidos com este confirmam a presença de isolados potencialmente patogênicos que podem representar um risco à saúde humana nos ambientes de banheiras de hidromassagem e piscinas térmicas. / Free-living amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed in soil and water. A few number of them are implicated in human disease: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and Sappinia diploidea. Some of the infections were opportunistic, occurring mainly in immunocompromised hosts, while others are non opportunistic. Water samples were collecyed from both hot tubs and thermal swimming pools in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, to determine the presence of Acanthamoeba in the water as well as perform the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates. Amoebae were isolated in monoxenic culture with Eschererichia coli. The identification of the isolates was based on the cysts morphology and PCR amplification using genus-specific oligonucleotides. From 72 samples analyzed, 20 (27,77%) were positive for free-living amoebae, and the isolates were morphologically identified as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. Out of these, 11 presented morphological characteristics compatible with group II, and 9 with group III. Among the isolates, 11 (55%) were considered potentially pathogenic according to osmotolerance and temperature assays. The isolates when submitted to PCR reaction only 9 were confirmed as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. The sequences analysis when compare to the sequences in the GenBank, showed that genotype distribution in group T3 (11,1%), T5 (11,1%), T4 (33,3%) and T15 (44,4%). The results of this study confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic isolates of free living amoebae in hot swimming pool and spas which can present risks to human health.

La tesi "Contribució a l'estudi de l'acústica dels tubs axisimètrics" és un treball centrat en l'estudi del comportament acústic dels tubs dels instruments musicals de vent amb simetria de revolució en el qual es fa especial èmfasi en el comportament del pavelló (tub axisimètric de conicitat variable).L'estudi contempla tres aspectes: l'analític, el numèric i l' experimental, necessari per poder comparar els models proposats però que no ha estat realizat per l'autora de la tesi. Quant a l'estudi analític, s'analitza en profunditat el model uniparamètric proposat per Webster al qual se li han trobat els límits d'aplicabilitat, per al cas dels pavellons de tenores (instrument típic català), i es realitza una extensió d'aquest model en passar-lo al domini temporal.Seguint dins de l'estudi analític, s'estableix un model temporal bidimensional aproximat que inclou la propagació a l'interior de les lentilles presents a les discontinuïtats de conicitat i que simula, en primera aproximació, l'efecte dispersiu que es produeix en la propagació a l'interior dels pavellons.Quant al tractament numèric, es realitza un estudi d'un altre model uniparamètric existent, l'equació "Conical Horn", que s'aplica a un pavelló amb perfil exponencial. La comparació dels resultats experimentals amb els del model permet establir-ne la bondat. Seguint dins del tractament numèric, s'estableix un primer model bidimensional basat en la propagació de raigs impulsionals que permet l'obtenció del camp acústic a l'interior dels tubs axisimètrics.Per altra banda, s'estableix un algoritme de càlcul per a la integral de convolució que permet simular de manera completa el comportament d'un instrument musical en el domini temporal. / La tesis "Contribució a l'estudi de l'acústica dels tubs axisimètrics" es un trabajo centrado en el estudio del comportamiento acústico de los tubos de los instrumentos musicales de viento con simetría de revolución en el que se hace especial énfasis al comportamiento del pabellón (tubo axisimétrico de conicidad variable).El estudio contempla tres aspectos: el analítico, el numérico y el experimental, necesario para poder comparar los modelos propuestos pero que no se ha realizado por la autora de la tesis.En cuanto al estudio analítico, se analiza en profundidad el modelo uniparamétrico propuesto por Webster al que se le han encontrado sus límites de aplicabilidad, para el caso de los pabellones de "tenoras" (instrumento típico catalán), y se realiza una extensión de este modelo al pasarlo al dominio temporal.Siguiendo dentro del estudio analítico, se establece un modelo temporal bidimensional aproximado que incluye la propagación en el interior de las lentillas presentes en las discontinuidades de conicidad y que simula en primera aproximación el efecto dispersivo que se produce en la propagación en el interior de los pabellones.En cuanto al tratamiento numérico, se realiza un estudio de otro modelo uniparamétrico existente, la ecuación "Conical Horn", que se aplica a un pabellón con perfil exponencial. La comparación de los resultados experimentales con los del modelo permiten establecer la bondad de éste.Siguiendo dentro del tratamiento numérico, se establece un primer modelo bidimensional basado en la propagación de rayos impulsionales que permite la obtención del campo acústico en el interior de los tubos axisimétricos.Por otro lado, se establece un algoritmo de cálculo para la integral de convolución que permite simular de manera completa el comportamiento de un instrumento musical en el dominio temporal. / The doctoral thesis named "Contribució a l'estudi de l'acústica dels tubs axisimètrics" is a research project focused in the study of the acoustical behaviour of the musical wind instruments bores with revolute simmetry in which a special emphasis is done in the behaviour of the horn (axisymmetrical tube with varying taper).The study looks at three aspects: the analytical, the numerical an d the experimental one, necessary to compare the proposed models but which has not been done by the author of the thesis.With regard to the analytical study, the uniparametrical model proposed by Webster is deeply analyzed; its applicability limits has been found for the horns of "tenores" (Catalan tenor shawn, double-reed conical woodwind) and an extension of the model is done passing it to the time domain.Going on with the analytical study, an approximated bidimensional temporal model is stablished in which the propagation inside the little lents present in taper discontinuities is taken into account. This model permits to simulate, in a first approximation, the dispersive effect that takes place in the propagation inside the horns.As for the numerical treatment, a study about another uniparametrical actual model is done. It's the Conical horn equation which is applied to a horn with exponential profile.The comparison between the experimental results and those obtained with the model allows to stablish its validity.Keeping on the numerical treatment, a first bidimensional model is stablished based on the propagation of impulsional rays. It allows to obtain the acoustical field inside the axisymmetrical tubes.In other side, an algorithm to calculate the convolution integral is stablished. It permits to simulate completely the behaviour of a musical instrument in the time domain.

Amebas de vida livre (AVL) são distribuídas mundialmente no solo e na água. Um número pequeno delas é considerado importante para a saúde dos seres humanos: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris e Sappinia diploidea. Algumas das infecções são oportunistas, ocorrendo em indivíduos imunocomprometidos, enquanto outras são não oportunistas. Amostras de água foram coletadas de banheira de hidromassagens e piscinas térmicas na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a presença de Acanthamoeba, bem como realizar a caracterização fenotípica e genotípica dos isolados. Amebas foram isoladas em cultivo monoxênico com Escherichia coli. A identificação dos isolados foi baseada na morfologia dos cistos e na amplificação por PCR com oligonucleotídeos gênero-específico. De 72 amostras analisadas, 20 (27,77%) foram positivas para amebas de vida livre, e identificadas morfologicamente como pertencentes ao gênero Acanthamoeba. Destas, 11 possuíam características compatíveis com o grupo morfológico II e 9 com o grupo III. Entre os isolados, 11(55%) foram considerados potencialmente patogênicos a partir de testes de osmotolerância e termotolerância. Somente 9 isolados quando submetidos à Reação da PCR, confirmaram pertencer ao gênero Acanthamoeba. A análise do sequenciamento através da comparação das sequências dispostas no GenBank, demonstrou a distribuição nos grupos genotípicos T3 (11,1%), T5 (11,1%), T4 (33,3%) e T15 (44,4%).Os resultados obtidos com este confirmam a presença de isolados potencialmente patogênicos que podem representar um risco à saúde humana nos ambientes de banheiras de hidromassagem e piscinas térmicas. / Free-living amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed in soil and water. A few number of them are implicated in human disease: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and Sappinia diploidea. Some of the infections were opportunistic, occurring mainly in immunocompromised hosts, while others are non opportunistic. Water samples were collecyed from both hot tubs and thermal swimming pools in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, to determine the presence of Acanthamoeba in the water as well as perform the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates. Amoebae were isolated in monoxenic culture with Eschererichia coli. The identification of the isolates was based on the cysts morphology and PCR amplification using genus-specific oligonucleotides. From 72 samples analyzed, 20 (27,77%) were positive for free-living amoebae, and the isolates were morphologically identified as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. Out of these, 11 presented morphological characteristics compatible with group II, and 9 with group III. Among the isolates, 11 (55%) were considered potentially pathogenic according to osmotolerance and temperature assays. The isolates when submitted to PCR reaction only 9 were confirmed as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. The sequences analysis when compare to the sequences in the GenBank, showed that genotype distribution in group T3 (11,1%), T5 (11,1%), T4 (33,3%) and T15 (44,4%). The results of this study confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic isolates of free living amoebae in hot swimming pool and spas which can present risks to human health.

Amebas de vida livre (AVL) são distribuídas mundialmente no solo e na água. Um número pequeno delas é considerado importante para a saúde dos seres humanos: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris e Sappinia diploidea. Algumas das infecções são oportunistas, ocorrendo em indivíduos imunocomprometidos, enquanto outras são não oportunistas. Amostras de água foram coletadas de banheira de hidromassagens e piscinas térmicas na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a presença de Acanthamoeba, bem como realizar a caracterização fenotípica e genotípica dos isolados. Amebas foram isoladas em cultivo monoxênico com Escherichia coli. A identificação dos isolados foi baseada na morfologia dos cistos e na amplificação por PCR com oligonucleotídeos gênero-específico. De 72 amostras analisadas, 20 (27,77%) foram positivas para amebas de vida livre, e identificadas morfologicamente como pertencentes ao gênero Acanthamoeba. Destas, 11 possuíam características compatíveis com o grupo morfológico II e 9 com o grupo III. Entre os isolados, 11(55%) foram considerados potencialmente patogênicos a partir de testes de osmotolerância e termotolerância. Somente 9 isolados quando submetidos à Reação da PCR, confirmaram pertencer ao gênero Acanthamoeba. A análise do sequenciamento através da comparação das sequências dispostas no GenBank, demonstrou a distribuição nos grupos genotípicos T3 (11,1%), T5 (11,1%), T4 (33,3%) e T15 (44,4%).Os resultados obtidos com este confirmam a presença de isolados potencialmente patogênicos que podem representar um risco à saúde humana nos ambientes de banheiras de hidromassagem e piscinas térmicas. / Free-living amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed in soil and water. A few number of them are implicated in human disease: Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and Sappinia diploidea. Some of the infections were opportunistic, occurring mainly in immunocompromised hosts, while others are non opportunistic. Water samples were collecyed from both hot tubs and thermal swimming pools in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, to determine the presence of Acanthamoeba in the water as well as perform the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates. Amoebae were isolated in monoxenic culture with Eschererichia coli. The identification of the isolates was based on the cysts morphology and PCR amplification using genus-specific oligonucleotides. From 72 samples analyzed, 20 (27,77%) were positive for free-living amoebae, and the isolates were morphologically identified as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. Out of these, 11 presented morphological characteristics compatible with group II, and 9 with group III. Among the isolates, 11 (55%) were considered potentially pathogenic according to osmotolerance and temperature assays. The isolates when submitted to PCR reaction only 9 were confirmed as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. The sequences analysis when compare to the sequences in the GenBank, showed that genotype distribution in group T3 (11,1%), T5 (11,1%), T4 (33,3%) and T15 (44,4%). The results of this study confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic isolates of free living amoebae in hot swimming pool and spas which can present risks to human health.

This study explores the (hetero)sexualized online space that is the category “Pools, Hot Tubsand Beaches” on the streaming platform Twitch.tv. The aim of the study is to gain a further understanding of how gender and sexuality is performed under the specific conditions offered by the space. Interactions between livestreamer and chat in three livestreams have been transcribed and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. I find that the space is characterized by the logic of the heterosexual matrix as defined by Judith Butler, as well by two foundational asymmetries that inform the way that gender and sexuality is performed in the spaces studied: the asymmetry of perspective and the asymmetry of performativity. These conditions are actively negotiated with by the subjects that interact in the space. Furthermore, relying on the work of Raewyn Connell, I find that the subjects conduct a labor of positionality with regards to notions of good and bad masculinity, basing their sense ofcommunity on the abjectification of “other men” in order to construct their own masculinity.

En aquesta Memòria s'intenten resoldre algunes de les qüestions tècniques que poden condicionar l'ús de l'alzina (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) i dels tubs hivernacle en les repoblacions forestals. La tesi s'ha articulat en sis capítols; en el Capítol 1 s'ha realitzat una breu descripció sobre l'estat del coneixement de l'ús de l'alzina i els tubs hivernacle en repoblacions forestals. En el Capítol 2, Morfologia i cinètica del sistema radicular, s'analitza el sistema radicular generat en plantes procedents de sembra i de plantació mitjançant l'ocupació de minirizotrons. En les plantes procedents de sembra s'analitza l'efecte que el repicat aeri té sobre la morfologia i cinètica radicular i es compara amb el sistema radicular desenvolupat sense limitacions al creixement. En el Capítol 3, Eficiència del sistema radicular en la captació d'aigua, s'analitza la implicació funcional respecte de la conductància hidràulica radicular, que tenen les diferències morfològiques produïdes en els sistemes radiculars repicats respecte dels quals s'han desenvolupat sense limitacions al seu creixement. En el Capítol 4, Característiques tèrmiques i lumíniques dels tubs hivernacle, s'analitza el comportament tèrmic i lumínic tant de la paret com de l'aire confinat en el seu interior en els models més utilitzats en repoblacions forestals. En el Capítol 5, Implicacions del tub hivernacle en l'arquitectura de copa, captació de llum i guany potencial de carboni, s'analitza a través del programa YPLANT la influència de les condicions ambientals en l'interior del tub en els paràmetres d'intercepció de llum i d'intercanvi gasós en la planta. Finalment, en el Capítol 6, Conclusions generals i futures línies d'investigació, es resumeixen les conclusions més importants de cada capítol i s'exposen les futures línies d'investigació per a cadascun. / En esta Memoria se plantean algunas de las cuestiones técnicas que pueden condicionar el uso de la encina (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) y de los tubos invernadero en repoblaciones forestales. Respecto de la encina se profundiza en la elección del método de repoblación mediante el análisis de su desarrollo radicular, mientras que en los tubos invernadero se analiza con detalle el ambiente térmico y lumínico que generan. La tesis se ha articulado en seis capítulos; en el Capítulo 1 se ha realizado una descripción sobre el estado del conocimiento del uso de la encina y los tubos invernadero en repoblaciones forestales. En el Capítulo 2, Morfología y cinética del sistema radicular, se analiza el sistema radicular generado en plantas procedentes de siembra y de plantación mediante el empleo de minirizotrones. En las plantas procedentes de siembra se analiza el efecto que el repicado aéreo tiene sobre la morfología y cinética radicular y se compara con el sistema radicular desarrollado sin limitaciones al crecimiento. En el Capítulo 3, Eficiencia del sistema radicular en la captación de agua, se analiza la implicación funcional respecto de la conductancia hidráulica radicular, que tienen las diferencias morfológicas producidas en los sistemas radiculares. En el Capítulo 4, Características térmicas y lumínicas de los tubos invernadero, se analiza el comportamiento térmico y lumínico, tanto de la pared como del aire confinado en su interior, en los modelos más utilizados en repoblaciones forestales. En el Capítulo 5, Implicaciones del tubo invernadero en la arquitectura de copa, captación de luz y ganancia potencial de carbono, se analiza a través del programa YPLANT la influencia de las condiciones ambientales en el interior del tubo en los parámetros de intercepción de luz y de intercambio gaseoso. Finalmente, en el Capítulo 6, Conclusiones generales y futuras líneas de investigación, se resumen las conclusiones más importantes alcanzadas y se exponen las líneas futuras de investigación. / In this Memory, some of the technical points that may condition the use of holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) and treeshelters in forestation are studied., The choice of the forestation method in the holm oak has been approached through the study of the root system development. In relation to the use of tubes in the field, the shelter environment has been characterized in several commercial models. The influence of the environmental conditions in light capture and in several gas exchange parameters has been analyzed. The thesis is divided in six independent chapters. The first one briefly dercribes the state-of-the-art of the use of holm oak and treeshelters in forestation programmes. Chapter 2, Root system morphology and kinetic, studies the root system generated in sowed or transplanted plants by using minirhizotrons. In the plants originated from direct sowing, the effect of root air pruning on root kinetic and morphology is analyzed and later on compared with the root system developed without limitations for growth. Chapter 3, Efficiency of the root system in water uptake, describes the functional implications that morphologic differences produced in the pruning root systems have in terms of root hydraulic conductance. Chapter 4, Thermal and light environment inside the treeshelters, assesses the light transmission chracteristics of the wall shelters as well as the temperature dynamics in the wall and in the air inside the tubes. In Chapter 5, Implications of the treeshelters in the shoot architecture, light capture and potential carbon gain, the influence of the environmental conditions inside the treeshelter in the parameters of interception of light and gas exchange in the plant is analyzed through the YPLANT software. Finally, the Chapter 6, General conclusions and future lines of research, summarizes the most important conclusions reached in the different chapters and possible future lines of research.

Sport Airport complex Brno-Medlánky is nestled in the undulating hilly terrain in fields just beyond populated areas in Brno-Medlánky. The history of the airport dates back to 1924 when it was built the first wooden hangar for training purposes glider flights. Current state urban of airport is orderless. The aim is to streamline the complex and give it the order, allowing easy and efficient orientation in the space. The main intervention was the creation of a new central building - Aviation Museum. The concept of the design is based on the division of the whole area into two branches - communication axes, based on the mass preserved historic wooden hangars. Between the two communication arms is inserted a central axis on which is located the heart of the complex - Aviation Museum. It is a building organic form, inspiring axially symmetric wingspan (bird, airplane, beetle). It is this symmetry axis of the building creates a view towards building on the runway. Mass of the building used by the sloping terrain and is partially sunk under the ground. Building volume follows an upward slope from the outside and blends with the surrounding terrain. The internal layout consists of three floors, one of them is completely sunk below ground level and second half. The main entrance to the gallery is located in the uppermost floors, the direction of the exhibition is therefore directed downwards into the basement. The exposition is divided into six parts: RC models exposure, gliders exposure, powered aircraft exposure, screening room, children's exposure and air trainers. Other areas consist of building technical facilities. In the basement there is a workshop with aircraft lift, with the possibility of placement unexposed aircrafts. The supporting system of the building consists of two parts: reinforced concrete tubs and arched steel structure with a span of 50m.