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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Caracterização molecular e isolamentode clostrídios psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos associados à deterioração de carnes refrigeradas embaladas a vácuo / Molecular characterization and psychrophilic and psychrotrophic clostridia isolamentode associated with deterioration of chilled vacuum packed

BUENO, Cláudia Peixoto 20 February 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia peixoto bueno.pdf: 2154558 bytes, checksum: e3212e2f2e948a89b381b38c7ab473b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-20 / The deterioration of vacuum packed refrigerated meat accompanied by large gas production - a phenomenon called blown pack - is considered a major cause of economic losses of the meat industry in several regions of Brazil and the world. Several psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms may be involved, especially species of Clostridium. The objective of the present study was to perform the molecular characterization, through the use of the PCR technique, and the molecular isolation by conventional bacteriology, of the main microorganisms that cause blown pack in refrigerated meat from Brazil, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Thus, typing techniques were used to differentiate the species and subspecies involved in this type of deterioration. Tirty-six samples of Brazilian blown pack meat, 6 samples from the UK and 12 experimental blown pack samples of venison from the North Island of New Zealand were analyzed. Three pairs of primers, the RFP / RRP, the 16SEF/16SER and the pair EISRF / EISRR were used for C. estertheticum estertheticum and Clostridium estertheticum like, and one for C. gasigenes (16DBF/16DBR). The samples with the PCR results were sent to a microbiology laboratory for conventional isolation of Clostridium estertheticum. It was concluded that Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum is responsible for the deterioration of meat and hence the blown pack in the UK. Samples of blown pack Brazilian meat have Clostridium estertheticum like as primary causal agent. The typing was carried out in isolates and strains - donated by Mirinz Center / Ruakura Agresearch / Hamilton / New Zealand - together with two isolates from Brazil, involved in this type of deterioration. The selected techniques AFLP and RFLP - PCR were able to distinguish species and subspecies of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic clostridia. However, the AFLP showed the highest discriminatory power, being able to distinguish 100% of the species - C. estertheticum, C. frigoris, C. bowmani, C. lacusfryxellense and C. psychrophylum - and also the subspecies C. estertheticum estertheticum, C. estertheticum laramiense, C. estertheticum like k21 and k24. Through the technique of RFLP, it was possible to differentiate the species of clostridia psychrotrophic, psichrophilic and also the subspecies C. estertheticum estertheticum and Clostridium estertheticum like, along with the use of four restriction endonucleases - AluI, CfoI, TaqI and HaeIII. The HaeIII provided greater variety of fragments and the ability to differentiate the species of clostridia psychrophilic and psychrotrophic, whereas TaqI was the only enzyme capable of differentiating the subspecies of C. estertheticum estertheticum and C. estertheticum laramiense of C. estertheticum like. The Brazilian samples isolated fit into the group of Clostridium estertheticum like, although there is no confirmation of the absence of Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum in the country. / A deterioração de carnes refrigeradas embaladas a vácuo acompanhada de grande produção de gás - fenômeno denominado tufamento de embalagens - é considerada uma das principais causas de perdas econômicas da indústria cárnea, em várias regiões do Brasil e do mundo. Diversos microrganismos psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos podem estar envolvidos, destacando-se espécies do gênero Clostridium. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo a caracterização molecular, por meio do emprego da técnica de PCR e o isolamento pela bacteriologia convencional, dos principais microrganismos causadores do tufamento de embalagens de carnes refrigeradas procedentes do Brasil, Nova Zelândia e Reino Unido. Para tanto, foram empregadas técnicas de tipagem visando a diferenciação das espécies e subespécies envolvidas neste tipo de deterioração. Foram analisadas 36 amostras tufadas de carnes brasileiras, 6 amostras tufadas oriundas do Reino Unido e 12 amostras experimentais tufadas de carne de cervo provenientes da Ilha Norte da Nova Zelândia. Foram utilizados três pares de primers, o RFP/RRP, o 16SEF/16SER e o par EISRF/EISRR para C. estertheticum estertheticum e Clostridium estertheticum like e um para C. gasigenes (16DBF/16DBR). As amostras com os resultados positivos ao PCR foram enviadas para a microbiologia convencional para isolamento do Clostridium estertheticum. Concluiu-se que o Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum é responsável pela deterioração das carnes e, consequentemente, pelo tufamento das embalagens no Reino Unido. As amostras tufadas de embalagens de carnes brasileiras têm como principal agente causador o Clostridium estertheticum like. A tipagem foi relizada em cepas e isolados doados pelo Mirinz Centre/ Ruakura AgResearch/ Hamilton/NZ - juntamente a dois isolados brasileiros, envolvidos nesse tipo de deterioração . As técnicas eleitas AFLP e RFLP PCR foram capazes de distinguir as espécies e subespécies de clostrídios psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos, porém, o AFLP apresentou maior poder discriminatório, sendo capaz de diferenciar 100% das espécies C. estertheticum, C. frigoris, C. bowmani, C. lacusfryxellense e C psychrophylum - e também as subespécies - Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum, Clostridium estertheticum laramiense, o Clostridium estertheticum like K21 e Clostridium estertheticum like K24. Por meio da técnica de RFLP foi possível diferenciar as espécies do clostrídio psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos e também as subespécies C. estertheticum estertheticum e Clostridium estertheticum like, utilizando em conjunto as quatro endonucleases de restrição AluI, CfoI, TaqI e HaeIII. A HaeIII proporciona maior variedade de fragmentos e capacidade de diferenciar as espécies de clostrídios psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos. Já a TaqI foi a única enzima capaz de diferenciar as subespécies C. estertheticum estertheticum e C. estertheticum laramiense do C. estertheticum like. As amostras brasileiras isoladas se enquadraram no grupo do Clostridium estertheticum like.

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