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This thesis has compared two groups of seventh grade girls on the trampoline, by utilizing two different methods of teaching. One group viewed a film twice of the five skills to be learned, and also saw a live demonstration twice by the instructor, Both methods, during the movie and during the live demonstration, were narrated by the instructor. The other group was presented solely with the lecture-demonstration method twice.The purpose of this study was to explore the possible differences in learning that might have occurred between the two groups, due to the different methods of teaching. Each subject was given a written test for knowledge retention and a subjective skill test by a panel of gymnastic judges. By computing the mean, standard deviation, and standard error of measurement for both groups, the derived t-test scores conveyed a statistical difference for the written tests, but failed to achieve significance on the skill tests.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-meat ingredients, blade tenderization and vacuum-tumbling on the textural, visual and sensory characteristics of steaks from Biceps femoris, Supraspinatus, Triceps brachii long head, and Longissimus dorsi muscles packaged in high oxygen, modified atomosphere (MAP) system. United Department of Agriculture (USDA) Select muscles (n=72) from each cut were obtained from a commercial processor over three processing days. Muscles were aged for five days at 4ºC. Denuded muscles within a processing day were randomly assigned to one of 24 treatments. This study was a 2 x 4 x 3 factorial arrangement where treatments were control, injection (injected or non-injected), blade tenderization (0, 1, or 2 passes) and vacuum-tumbling (0, 5, 10 or 20 minutes). Injected muscles contained up to 10% of a brine containing 1.55% potassium lactate, 0.1% sodium diacetate, 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate blend and 0.4% salt in the final product. Muscles were vacuumtumbled and blade tenderized sequentially after injection. Steaks from the muscles were stored in a high oxygen (80% O2, 20% CO2) MAP system for 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days at 2ºC. Steaks were evaluated for package purge (%), Warner-Bratzler shear force (kg), cook loss (%), cook time (min), pH, CIE L* a* b* color space values and trained color panel scores on each storage day. A trained descriptive attribute sensory panel evaluated steaks on day 1 only. Warner-Bratzler shear force (P<0.01) and trained sensory panel results (P<0.05) showed that the addition of non-meat ingredients improved tenderness in all four muscles. Sensory detectable connective tissue was lower (P<0.01) in injected steaks for all muscles except in Biceps femoris steaks. Injected steaks had higher pH (P<0.01) measurements than non-injected treatments in all muscles except the Triceps brachii long head. Neither blade tenderization nor vacuum-tumbling had consistent effects in all four muscles. Vacuum-tumbled Biceps femoris steaks had lower bitter flavor aromatics (P<0.05). In conclusion, enhancing beef with non-meat ingredients had the greatest impact on the quality attributes of high connective tissue cuts and Longissimus dorsi steaks.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The thesis is in the first part focuses on the description of the technology and tumbling overview of the applications in which it is possible to use this technology. This topic is the description tumbling wet using ceramic beads. In the third part of this work is performed a brief overview of the types of tumbling machines. The following is a list of their own design variant tumbling machine with a choice of optimal design variants. Then follows the design of the tumbling machines, followed by an overview of the calculations. In the last part of this work are the technical parameters of the designed tools, including a description of its operation and maintenance.

The tumbling tip vortex effect of a reduced-scale, 1 m diameter, four-bladed rotor during hover is studied using vortex methods, combined with a center of mass analysis approach. Measurements of all three components of the velocity field are acquired using a stereo PIV system synchronized to capture up to 500 degrees of vortex age, with 10 degree wake age offsets, during hover conditions. The nominal operating condition of the rotor is at a rotational rate of 1520RPM, corresponding to ReC = 248,000 with a chord length of 58.5mm. The rotor is operated with a pitch of 7.2± 0.5 degrees and a CT/sigma of 0.045. The far wake vortex tumbling phenomenon is captured and described. It is shown that tip vortices from two blades tumble through approximately 90 degrees of rotation before they coalesce. It is also seen that the constituent parent vortices do not combine to create a stronger daughter vortex as was previously thought to happen. Instead, the merged vortex has a lower large-radius circulation than either of its parent vortices. An accurate characterization and prediction of the trajectory of the far wake vortex tumbling can enhance the ability to predict and alleviate the resuspension of particles during brownout as well as provide a database for far wake validation of CFD codes. / text

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The performance of dynamic jumps is the result of complex interactions between many factors, including preflight characteristics, muscle strength and activation timings, and the elastic properties of external contact surfaces. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of these factors to the performance of dynamic jumps and to gain a greater understanding of the underlying mechanics. Theoretical computer simulation models were developed incorporating muscle representations and elastic interfaces between the model and the external contact surfaces for vaulting and tumbling takeoffs in gymnastics. The simulation models were customised to represent the elite male gymnast analysed in this study by calculating subject specific inertia and muscle parameters from experimental testing with the gymnast. The simulation models were evaluated by comparing simulations of each movement with actual vaulting and tumbling performances by the elite male gymnast and then used to quantify the contributions to vaulting and tumbling performance. The characteristics of the preflight were found to have a major influence on both vaulting and tumbling performance, In addition, for tumbling, the takeoff strategy (activation timings of the muscles) was also crucial, with it being possible to produce a range of postflight performances by just changing the strategy used during the takeoff. Vaulting and tumbling performances were found to be relatively insensitive to changes (within realistic limits) in the elastic nature of the contact surfaces and for vaulting the elasticity of the shoulder joint had a considerable effect on performance. In addition the use of the hand/foot was found to prolong the duration of contact with an external surface.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the command and reciprocal teaching style on the tumbling skill acquisition of college students. Fifty-one undergraduate students from Virginia State University in Petersburg, Virginia served as subjects. Subjects were pretested to assess their performance on twelve tumbling skills. Two raters scored videotaped performances utilizing specific criterion established for each skill. A twelve item tumbling skill test devised by the investigator was used for all testing. Group I subjects (N_c = 25) were instructed utilizing the command style of teaching and Group II subjects (N_r = 26) the reciprocal style. The same instructor taught both groups the tumbling skills for twelve class periods of fifty minutes each. The instructional period lasted six weeks. At the end of the experimental period, posttest performances were once again videotaped and evaluated. Mean scores for each groups' performances were analyzed to determine the degree of skill improvement and to test for any difference that might have been attributed to treatment effects. One way Analyses of Variance were applied to the data using the .05 level of confidence for significance. As a result of the study the following conclusions were reached: (1) both command and reciprocal teaching styles promote tumbling skill acquisition of college age students in beginning tumbling; (2) neither teaching style used in the study is more effective than the other in promoting tumbling skill acquisition for college students over a six week instructional period. On the basis of the data found in this study, it is apparent that college students are capable of teaching each other beginning tumbling skills. The non-significant differences between treatment group performances tends to suggest that practitioners could utilize the reciprocal style equally effectively as the command style while at the same time furthering each student's ability to learn in alternative modes. / Ed. D.

This investigation compares the results of three different methods of teaching tumbling, the Trampoline Method, Mental Practice, and the Traditional Method. The study also investigates whether sex and ability level significantly affect the results of the teaching methods. The subjects were the ninety members of the junior-level gymnastics classes for physical education majors at New Mexico State University during the fall and spring semesters of the 1972-1973 school year. There were forty-five female and fortyfive male subjects. A stratified random sample was constructed to insure equality of the teaching-method groups. The motor educability scores of the Johnson-Metheny Test were used to develop high-, medium-, and low-ability groups. The subjects in the ability groups were randomly selected and assigned to one of the teaching methods.