Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Consented by the State, the territorial configuration of rural areas in Brazil is marked by uneven processes that favored restricted portion of the population, instead of family farmers, maroon people, indigenous people, rural workers and participants of the agricultural reform. However, recently, in order to ease these social disparities, the Brazilian government has granted remedial public policies directed to this issue due to the demands from popular movements. One of these policies that stand out is the implementation of the Citizenship Territories Program, whose principle is to put together different federal agencies with the state, civil and municipal administrations, in order to enhance, expand and internalize public access policies for excluded rural populations. To accomplish that, territorial and functional units were imposed, based on the territorial approach to development, which requires the valuation of multi-dimensions, multiple scales of power, social participation, as well as the association between city and countryside with the various productive sectors located in rural areas. Considering these units, one highlights the Central Region Territory / RS, whose council belongs to Santa Maria. This study aimed to identify the effects of the Citizenship Territories Program implementation, through an analysis of the examples seen in Santa Maria city. Moreover, this research discusses the use of a territorial approach as a basis to mitigate the social inequalities in Brazil in order to promote development. This analysis was organized into four components: a) the firstly, a theoretical research was carried out; b) second, an analysis of documents produced by the program; c) the third section consisted of the primary data collection through participatory field work through visitations to the entities benefitting from the program in Santa Maria city, as well as application of questionnaires for the subjects involved in this policy; d) finally, the last section of this research tried to systematize the data, by analyzing, comparing, and contrasting them in a critical and qualitative process, observing historical facts and establishing associations between theory and practice. As a result, it was found that the Citizenship Territories Program, besides both being unknown and the territorial development not being considered as the main strategy of governance in the country, it does give the opportunity to the civil society organizations to intervene in the course of state actions, besides subsidizing the democratization of access to basic rights. The case of Santa Maria city, in particular, has helped to strengthen cooperatives and rural workers union, therefore fulfilling a secondary role. Regarding the Central Region Territory / RS, it was found that it has been consolidating as a representative institution of the disposed rural areas, although there are political conflicts and realities socially and environmentally distinct. / A configuração territorial do espaço rural brasileiro, com consentimento do Estado, historicamente, é marcada por processos desiguais, que privilegiaram restrita parcela da população, alijando maior parte dela como os agricultores familiares, povos quilombolas, indígenas, trabalhadores rurais assalariados e assentados da reforma agrária. Entretanto, mais recentemente, visando amenizar essas disparidades sociais, principalmente, em decorrência das reivindicações dos movimentos populares, os governos brasileiros têm concedido políticas públicas paliativas dirigidas a esta questão. Entre essas se destaca a implementação, em 2008, do programa Territórios da Cidadania, o qual tem como princípio articular a atuação de diferentes órgãos do governo federal, com gestões estaduais, municipais e sociedade civil, sobretudo com o objetivo de potencializar, interiorizar e expandir o acesso as políticas públicas, em especial, para as populações rurais excluídas. Para a efetivação dessas intenções foram instituídas unidades territoriais funcionais e fundamentou-se na abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento, a qual pressupõe a valorização das multidimensionalidades, das múltiplas escalas de poder, da participação social, da associação entre cidade e campo e dos diversos setores produtivos situados no espaço rural. Em meio a essas unidades territoriais, salienta-se o Território Região Central/RS, do qual o município de Santa Maria faz parte. Esta pesquisa visou identificar por meio do estudo desse território e dos exemplos verificados em Santa Maria, os efeitos da implantação do programa Territórios da Cidadania, bem como, discutindo, a utilização da abordagem territorial como fundamento para amenizar as desigualdades sociais no Brasil e promover o desenvolvimento. A realização do trabalho consistiu em quatro eixos: a) o primeiro referiu-se a pesquisa teórica; b) o segundo correspondeu à análise de documentos elaborados pelo programa; c) o terceiro consistiu no levantamento de dados primários, por meio de trabalhos a campo participativos, em visitações nas entidades beneficiarias do programa em Santa Maria e na aplicação de questionamentos para os sujeitos envolvidos nessa política; d) o último eixo buscou sistematizar os dados obtidos, analisando-os, comparando-os e os confrontando de forma crítica e qualitativa, observando o processo histórico dos fatos e exercitando associações entre o estudo teórico e a prática. Portanto, a partir disso constatou-se que o programa Territórios da Cidadania, apesar de ser desconhecido e o desenvolvimento territorial não configurar-se como a principal estratégia de gestão governamental do país, oportuniza a sociedade civil organizada a intervir nos rumos da atuação do Estado e subsidia a democratização do acesso aos direitos básicos. Especialmente, em Santa Maria tem auxiliado o fortalecimento de cooperativas e do sindicato dos trabalhadores rurais, entretanto cumprindo um papel secundário. A respeito do Território Região Central/RS averiguou-se que o mesmo, politicamente vem se consolidando, enquanto instituição representativa das populações rurais expropriadas, embora existam conflitos políticos e realidades socialmente e ambientalmente distintas.

The subject of this diploma project was to design an architectural proposal of The New Synagogue and Jewish Community Centre in Teplice, Czech Republic. The main goal was to design a complex of buildings which would be used not only for the worships but also for cultural and educational purposes. The proposal consists of the design of 3 buildings connected to each other by a cen-tral courtyard. The form is based on the traditional values set into contemporary de-sign shaped by demands of current generations. One of the main design elements - the beam structure above the courtyard implies a symbol of The Star of David as the symbol of Judaism as we know today. The building of New Synagogue represents the first, three storey building on the north part of plot. The second, east part, is building consisting of cultural centre, info centre, museum, gallery and spaces for workshops with it's technical and sanitary facilities. A Kosher Restaurant will be located into the third and last two-storey building. An undeground parking will be used by the staff and visitors of the whole complex.

The industrial robot is a flexible and cheap standard component that can becombined with a milling head to complete low accuracy milling tasks. Thefuture goal for researchers and industry is to increase the milling accuracy, suchthat it can be introduced to more high value added operations.The serial build up of an industrial robot bring non-linear compliance andchallenges in vibration mitigation due to the member and reducer design. WithAdditive Manufacturing (AM), the traditional cast aluminum structure couldbe revised and, therefore, milling accuracy gain could be made possible due tostructural changes.This thesis proposes the structural changes that would improve the millingaccuracy for a specific trajectory. To quantify the improvement, first the robothad to be reverse engineered and a kinematic simulation model be built. Nextthe kinematic simulation process was automated such that multiple input parameterscould be varied and a screening conducted that proposed the mostprofitable change.It was found that a mass decrease in any member did not affect the millingaccuracy and a stiffness increase in the member of the second axis would increasethe milling accuracy the most, without changing the design concept. To changethe reducer in axis 1 would reduce the mean position error by 7.5 % and themean rotation error by 4.5 % approximately, but also reduces the maximumspeed of the robot. The best structural change would be to introduce twosupport bearings for axis two and three, which decreased the mean positioningerror and rotation error by approximately 8 % and 13 % respectively. / En industrirobot är en anpassningsbar och relativt billig standardkomponent.Den kan utrustas med ett fräshuvud för att genomföra fräsoperationer med låg noggrannhet. Det framtida målet för forskare och industri är att öka noggrannheten vid fräsning så att dess användningsområde kan utökas till ändamål som kräver högre precision.Den seriella uppbyggnaden av en industrirobot medför icke-linjär styvhet och därmed utmaningar vid vibrationsdämpning. Detta på grund av den strukturella uppbyggnaden då en industrirobot kan förenklat sägas vara uppbyggd av balkelement som i ledpunkterna kopplas samman av växellådor. Med friformsframställning kan en mer komplex struktur erhållas jämfört med traditionellt gjuten aluminiumkonstruktion därmed skulle en ökad noggrannhet vid fräsning kunna uppnås.Det här examensarbetet föreslår strukturella ändringar som skulle kunna öka noggrannheten vid fräsning för en specifik fräsbana. För att kvantifiera förbättringen, var det först nödvändigt att utgående från tillgänglig data konstruktion en specific robot samt att bygga en kinematisk modell. Därefter automatiserades beräkningsflödet så att ett flertal indata kunde varieras. Detta resulterande i en kombinationsstudie som visade den mest gynsamma strukturella förändringen.Det visade sig att en minskning av balkelementens massa inte påverkade nogrannheten. Att öka styvheten i balkelementet från den andra axeln skulle d¨aremot öka nogrannheten mest utan att behöva ändra robotens uppbyggnad.Att byta växellåda i första axeln kan öka positionsnogrannheten med nära 7.5 % och rotationsnoggrannheten med cirka 4.5 % men ändringen sänker samtidigt den maximala hastigheten. Den bästa strukturella förändringen vore att introducera ett stödlager vid axel två respektive tre, vilket skulle förbättra positionsnogrannheten med cirka 8 % och rotationsnogrannheten med nära 13 %.