<p>This is a study, where we have deepened ourselves little more in the Swedish and the Turkish teacher training. We have both looked on the differences and the resemblances. We are also aware about that the essay builds on a small study and a limited material, special when it comes to the Turkish teacher training. Therefore we have drawn our conclusions with big caution. They are examined and preliminary, but we are than however convinced about that. Our essay gives an insight on how both teacher trainings are edified and what they have for aim.</p><p>We have looked on the governing documents for the teacher trainings for respective country and therefore will we not neither forget away to point out that the study's focus lies firstly and mainly on the different governing documents for both the Swedish teacher training and the Turkish teacher training. We have also carried out written interviews with teacher students both from Sweden and Turkey.</p><p>Our central aim with the study and that we found the most interesting question, how is shaped teacher students to teachers?, through the equal/the different teacher trainings, according to the politicians that constant speaks about the teacher's importance for the society and its development and that we came until through looking on the governing documents and through our questionnaire survey, was that the in both countries exists a value system that moulds the proposed teachers. Moreover, we found more resemblances than what we believed that existed. The biggest differences each depending on the both countries' historical development of the school.</p>

This is a study, where we have deepened ourselves little more in the Swedish and the Turkish teacher training. We have both looked on the differences and the resemblances. We are also aware about that the essay builds on a small study and a limited material, special when it comes to the Turkish teacher training. Therefore we have drawn our conclusions with big caution. They are examined and preliminary, but we are than however convinced about that. Our essay gives an insight on how both teacher trainings are edified and what they have for aim. We have looked on the governing documents for the teacher trainings for respective country and therefore will we not neither forget away to point out that the study's focus lies firstly and mainly on the different governing documents for both the Swedish teacher training and the Turkish teacher training. We have also carried out written interviews with teacher students both from Sweden and Turkey. Our central aim with the study and that we found the most interesting question, how is shaped teacher students to teachers?, through the equal/the different teacher trainings, according to the politicians that constant speaks about the teacher's importance for the society and its development and that we came until through looking on the governing documents and through our questionnaire survey, was that the in both countries exists a value system that moulds the proposed teachers. Moreover, we found more resemblances than what we believed that existed. The biggest differences each depending on the both countries' historical development of the school.

Over the past two decades the contribution of postmigrant literature to Germany's literary landscape has attracted significant scholarly interest. This study investigates selected prose of Turkish-German authors. Six primary texts are reconceived as "transgressive" as they intervene in contemporary spatial, especially urban and global discourses. They employ diverse "spatial tactics" by citing conventional dichotomies (local-global, West-East) in order to abandon and replace them subsequently with dynamic views on space and time. This thesis proposes a new theoretical model of literary analyses in order to grasp the multidimensional aspects of space. Thereby, Lotman's cultural semiotics is used as springboard to expand the model throughout the readings of the texts. By including additional theories on space from disciplines such as gender studies (Gleber; Weigel), urban geography(Lynch; Downs/Stea), cultural-historical psychology (Nora; Assmann) and postcolonial criticism (Said), this analysis focuses on narrative strategies that challenge physical and conceptual concepts of boundaries. The originality of this approach lies in a perceptive, thorough reading of textual productions of space that refrains from pinpointing the texts as homogenous minority literature. The theoretical model examines spatial motifs and themes inherent in the primary texts while disregarding the alleged "foreignness" of the authors. Each of the main chapters discusses two works focusing on the dimensions gender-space, memory-space and geography-space: Emine S. Ozdamar's Die Brikke vom Goldenen Horn and Aysel Ozakin's Die Blaue Maske are analyzed as novels transgressing gender-coded urban spaces. The Berlin settings in Aras Oren's Berlin Savignyplatz and Zafer Senocak's Gefahrliche Verwandtschaft are conceived as multi-discursive fragments shedding new light on German "realms of memory". Yade Kara's Selam Berlin and Feridun Zaimoglu's Zwolf Gramm Gluck are investigated in relation to "glocal" dislocations and Oriental imaginations. This dissertation makes two key contributions to German literary studies: First, it proposes an alternative reading to the common practice of categorizing postmigrant literature by cultural heritage and generation by putting forward the idea that writers adopt manifold perspectives on spatial configurations. Second, by reading literary spaces through an alternate disciplinary lens, this dissertation reads the texts as multilayered complexities of spatial presentations and advocates a comparative, text-centered method of literary analysis.

This thesis compares the autobiographic work of Esmeralda Santiago and Emine Sevgi Özdamar focusing on the aspects of ethnic identity, gender, as well as history and memory. The argument is that both authors' work not only reflects the cultural origins of each writer and her trauma of loss, but also each host country's social realities and conflicts. In spite of alienation and loss of home and language, both protagonists create "touching tales," a phrase coined by Leslie Adelson that refers to the entanglement between cultures, stressing more the common ground between them than the differences. Santiago's work stresses the dividedness of American society along racial and ethnic lines, but also the opportunity for the immigrant to reinvent herself and overcome racial and social boundaries. Özdamar on the other hand reflects on the dividedness and traumatization of Germany through World War II, the Holocaust, the East-West division, and the terrorism of the 1970s. She compares it to the political and social division within Turkey as results of the Armenian genocide and military coups. While Santiago views American culture with distance, Özdamar displays an enthusiastic reception of leftist writers like Bertolt Brecht and German literature in general. Both autobiographical subjects find a way to reconcile their own inner divisions through theater work, which combines universal and multicultural elements.

This thesis examines the practice of the profession of journalism in Turkey and whether the fundamental ethical codes and standards of journalism are being honored in the contemporary market-driven media sector. While media owners have consistently used the press as an instrument in the furtherance of their interests, this problem has been aggravated by the recent concentration in media ownership. The perception of readers as &lsquo / consumers&rsquo / has put a premium on entertainment and sensationalism while jeopardizing basic journalistic values. Forced to practice a type of journalism different to the model which drew them to the profession, many journalists have lost pride in their work along with confidence in the ability of the media to fulfill the public right to information in a democratic society. The thesis begins with an overview of the emergence of the ethical codes and practices of the profession before focusing on the Turkish media and the implementation of the various codes of practice and regulatory procedures which have been developed in Turkey. v The basic issue in media ethics is the morality of those in the sector and the compatibility of journalism and ethics. In order to ascertain if Turkish journalists believe these standards are being maintained, extensive interviews were undertaken with a sample group of a 114 journalists, comprising new and veteran reporters, editors and members of editorial boards. The study confirms that ethical codes and standards are not being followed in the Turkish media because of commercial constraints underlined by increasing concentration in the sector. Keywords: Turkish media, ethics.

This thesis analyses the necessity for the establishment, main functions and the viability of the Turkish Wholesale Electricity Trading and Contracting Company, TETAS in the short, mean and the long term. In order to understand the necessity for the establishment of TETAS, Turkish Energy Policies such as the state-led energy policies and the competition based market orientation are put under scrutiny. The thesis also discusses whether Turkish Government has carried out a comprehensive, deterministic and effective &ldquo / Liberalization Policy&rdquo / in the electricity sector by looking at the present situation and the principles outlined in Laws No: 4628, 5654 and 5686 and the Strategy Paper. The dissertation then examines the life span of TETAS by looking at the impacts of the strategy paper, liberalization procedure of the overall electricity market and newly enacted laws such as Law No: 5654 and 5686 in the short, mean and the long term. In addition, TETAS is examined whether it is a &ldquo / monopoly&rdquo / or not in Turkish Electricity wholesale market by calculating the supply concentration of TETAS using the Herfindahl Hirschman Index. Despite the studies on the establishment of the liberal market such as the envisagement of Law No: 4628 and the strategy paper, this thesis study envisages that it is still not possible to talk about a liberal electricity market. In addition, it is also concluded that the statements outlined in Laws No: 5654 and 5686 hinder the overall liberalization efforts since these laws are postponing the liberalization of electricity sector and making the life span of TETAS longer. As a result, liberalization efforts on the electricity market are unsuccessful in the mean term and TETAS seems to hold its dominance position in the wholesale market as a state-owned wholesale trading company in the long run.

This thesis analyzes the influence of Orientalism on Turkey&rsquo / s relations with the European Union (EU) since Turkey&rsquo / s application for full membership. EU-Turkey relations are elaborated in the context of how Europe constitutes its relations with Turkey as an oriental &lsquo / other&rsquo / . Thus arguments on the role of the other in identification process, self/other conceptualization and Orientalism as an othering mechanism of the west are presented to provide a theoretical framework. The question of how Turkish-European affairs have developed since the eighteenth century is answered in order to constitute a historical background of EU-Turkey relations, adopt theories of othering and observe construction of Orientalism. Lastly the traces of Orientalism since Turkey&rsquo / s application for membership in 1987 are searched in the official documents of the EU and statements of European statesmen. Religion, culture and civilization are analyzed as differentiating factors in the hegemonic relationship between the west and the Orient, between the EU and Turkey. It will be concluded that Orientalism continues to be an influential factor in EU&rsquo / s enlargement process, specifically in Turkey&rsquo / s accession.

This dissertation analyzes the role of the Greek &ldquo / other&rdquo / in the process of Turkish national identity formation. Addressing the transformation of Turkish identity from multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious imperial character into a homogeneous and unitary national form, this thesis mainly focuses on the changing attitude of the Ottoman elites of the last period and the modern Turkish state elites towards the Greeks in domestic and foreign affairs. In fact, this change can be evaluated as a part of constructing a Turkish nation which had been long carried out as break from the plural Ottoman inheritance. Within this context, this dissertation aims to understand the importance of Greek culture in Turkish identity, the stimulating role of the Greek existence in Anatolia during the Turkish War of Independence, neglect of the Turkish history writing about the Greek background or the Rumi identity and besides, the fragile relations between Turkey and Greece via questioning the overlapping aspects of Turkish nationalism and Greek &ldquo / otherization&rdquo / .

This M.A. thesis investigates the L2 acquisition of binding properties of English reflexives by Turkish L2 learners to address the issue of UG availability in L2 grammar. 140 Turkish L2 learners of English (67 elementary, 73 upper) participated in this study. They were all students at the Department of Basic English, Middle East Technical University. In addition, in the control group, there were 8 native speakers of English. A grammaticality judgment task and a story-based truth-value judgment task were used to examine whether the L2 grammars of the Turkish learners of English are governed by the principles and parameters of UG in the context of reflexive binding. According to the Full Transfer Full Access Model (FTFA), L2 learners have direct access to innate principles and parameters of Universal Grammar (UG) from the initial state to the end-state in the process of L2 acquisition. In line with FTFA, the results of the two tests suggest that the L2 learners&rsquo / grammar is UG-constrained even though they do not fully converge on native English norms with respect to reflexive binding.

This thesis analyzes the use of culture in foreign language classes by the instructors working in a state university in Istanbul, Turkey. The purpose of the study is to determine whether a sufficient degree of attention is paid to culture-teaching in the language classes of the School of Foreign Languages in a state university which is located in a city with a rich cultural heritage (Istanbul) and whether the instructors do their best to maintain or improve their cultural knowledge so as to integrate it in their lessons as well as how they teach culture in their lessons. The data were collected with a questionnaire distributed to the instructors and this instrument was used as guidance by the researcher to select the people to interview. The interviewees were divided into three groups: The ones who showed high utilization of culture were named as &ldquo / HUC&rdquo / , the ones with moderate utilization of culture were called &ldquo / MUC&rdquo / and the ones with low utilization of culture were named &ldquo / LUC&rdquo / . Results of the study showed that the instructors found it difficult not only to improve themselves on this issue but also to allocate a great deal of time to it in the lessons because of the time restrictions of the curriculum of the school and the intense syllabi of their courses. Also, instructors in the HUC group mentioned target culture more, whereas the ones in the LUC group said that they covered Turkish culture in their classes. The interviewees in the MUC group mentioned both the Turkish culture and the target culture. Thus, some modifications in the curriculum of the school are necessary to integrate culture into the lessons and the instructors should be trained on culture teaching with the help of in-service teacher training programs.